{"title":"Towards Scheduling Virtual Machines Based On Direct User Input","authors":"Bin Lin, P. Dinda","doi":"10.1109/VTDC.2006.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTDC.2006.15","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new approach to scheduling virtual machines (VMs) on a provider CPU that is unique in that is based around the use of direct user input. In our system, a user's VM is scheduled as a periodic real-time task. The user can instantaneously manipulate his VM's schedule using a joystick. An on-screen display illustrates the current schedule's cost and indicates when the user's desired schedule is impossible due to the schedules of other VMs or resource constraints. We report on a user study of our prototype system that reveals that even a naive user is capable of using the interface to our system to find a schedule that balances cost and the comfort of his VM. Good schedules are user- and application-dependent to a large extent, illustrating the benefits of user involvement.","PeriodicalId":267821,"journal":{"name":"First International Workshop on Virtualization Technology in Distributed Computing (VTDC 2006)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130231823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura E. Grit, David E. Irwin, Aydan R. Yumerefendi, J. Chase
{"title":"Virtual Machine Hosting for Networked Clusters: Building the Foundations for \"Autonomic\" Orchestration","authors":"Laura E. Grit, David E. Irwin, Aydan R. Yumerefendi, J. Chase","doi":"10.1109/VTDC.2006.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTDC.2006.17","url":null,"abstract":"Virtualization technology offers powerful resource management mechanisms, including performance-isolating resource schedulers, live migration, and suspend/resume. But how should networked virtual computing systems use these mechanisms? A grand challenge is to devise practical policies to drive these mechanisms in a self-managing or \"autonomic\" system, without relying on human operators. This paper explores architectural and algorithmic issues for resource management policy and orchestration in Shirako, a system for on-demand leasing of shared networked resources in federated clusters. Shirako enables a flexible factoring of resource management functions across the participants in a federated system, to accommodate a range of models of distributed virtual computing. We present extensions to Shirako to provision fine-grained virtual machine \"slivers\" and drive virtual machine migration. We illustrate the interactions of provisioning and placement/migration policies, and their impact.","PeriodicalId":267821,"journal":{"name":"First International Workshop on Virtualization Technology in Distributed Computing (VTDC 2006)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116108569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edjozane Cavalcanti, L. D. Assis, Matheus Gaudencio, W. Cirne, F. Brasileiro
{"title":"Sandboxing for a free-to-join grid with support for secure site-wide storage area","authors":"Edjozane Cavalcanti, L. D. Assis, Matheus Gaudencio, W. Cirne, F. Brasileiro","doi":"10.1109/VTDC.2006.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTDC.2006.11","url":null,"abstract":"Grid computing enables different institutions to access each other's resources, and hence requires very strong security guarantees. We here explore how visualization was used to provide security for OurGrid, an easy-to-use free-to-join grid that supports bag-of-tasks applications. OurGrid poses interesting security challenges. It is free-to-join (which means one runs unknown applications) and strives for simplicity (which means that configuration must be trivial). We show how we have dealt with such challenges by using Xen to virtualize a single machine, and VNET, OCFS2 and NFS to virtualize a site-wide shared file system, creating a sandboxing solution called SWAN. We evaluate SWANs security and performance. Our results indicate that SWAN is efficient in the single machine virtualization, but less so for the shared file system. Yet, a site-wide file system enables grid jobs to reuse files already transferred to other machines in the site, avoiding expensive inter-site file transfer.","PeriodicalId":267821,"journal":{"name":"First International Workshop on Virtualization Technology in Distributed Computing (VTDC 2006)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125124008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization of network processing overheads in Xen","authors":"P. Apparao, S. Makineni, D. Newell","doi":"10.1109/VTDC.2006.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTDC.2006.3","url":null,"abstract":"I/O virtualization techniques developed recently have led to significant changes in network processing. These techniques require network packets go through additional layers of processing. These additional layers have introduced significant overheads. So it is important to understand performance implications of this additional processing on network processing (TCP/IP). Our goals in this paper are to measure network I/O performance in a Xen virtualized environment and to provide a detailed architectural characterization of network processing highlighting major sources of overheads and their impact. In this paper, we study two modes of I/O virtualizations: 1) running I/O service VM along with the guest on the same CPU, and 2) running I/O service VM on a separate CPU. We measure TCP/IP processing performance in these two modes and compare it to that of on the native Linux machine. Our measurements show that both Rx and Tx performance suffer by more than 50% in virtualized environment. We have noticed that pathlength has increased by 3 to 4 times than that of the native processing. Most of this overhead comes from the Xen VMM layer and Dom0 VM processing. Our data also shows that running the Dom0 VM on a separate CPU is more expensive than running both Dom0 and guest VM on the same CPU. We provide a detailed characterization of this additional processing which we hope will help the Xen community focus on right areas for optimization.","PeriodicalId":267821,"journal":{"name":"First International Workshop on Virtualization Technology in Distributed Computing (VTDC 2006)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116687487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Fallenbeck, Hans-Joachim Picht, Matthew Smith, Bernd Freisleben
{"title":"Xen and the Art of Cluster Scheduling","authors":"N. Fallenbeck, Hans-Joachim Picht, Matthew Smith, Bernd Freisleben","doi":"10.1109/VTDC.2006.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTDC.2006.18","url":null,"abstract":"In shared use clusters, scheduling systems must schedule both serial and parallel jobs in a fair manner, while at the same time optimizing overall cluster efficiency. Since serial and parallel jobs conflict considerably, scheduling both types of jobs concurrently is a difficult task. Two major strategies are in common use: partitioning the cluster (thus avoiding the problem) and reservation combined with backfilling. Both have major drawbacks in overall performance, ease of use and fairness depending on the particular configuration, which can lead to heated debates between the users of the different types of jobs. In this paper, we introduce an approach to create dynamic virtual cluster partitions using para-virtualization techniques, to deal with the conflicts between parallel and serial jobs. The system dynamically adjusts to different types of job loads and offers easy and transparent use and configuration to both users and administrators, without resorting to complicated runtime prediction or backfilling algorithms. A proof-of-concept implementation based on the Sun Grid Engine scheduling system and Xen is presented.","PeriodicalId":267821,"journal":{"name":"First International Workshop on Virtualization Technology in Distributed Computing (VTDC 2006)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130444789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Feasibility Study of a Virtual Storage System for Large Organizations","authors":"H. H. Huang, John F. Karpovich, A. Grimshaw","doi":"10.1109/VTDC.2006.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTDC.2006.1","url":null,"abstract":"The average PC contains increasingly large amounts of storage with an ever greater amount left unused. There is an opportunity for organizations to harness the vast unused storage capacity on their PCs to create a very large, low cost, shared storage system. What is needed is a virtual storage system to exploit and manage the unused portions of existing PC storage devices and make it reliably accessible to users and applications. We call our vision of such a virtual storage system Storage@desk (SD). This paper describes a study of machine characteristics and usage in a model organization as a first step towards exploring the feasibility of Storage@desk. This paper presents the results of our data collection efforts, our analysis of the data, our simulation results, and our conclusion that a Storage@desk system is indeed feasible and holds promise as a cost effective way to create massive storage systems.","PeriodicalId":267821,"journal":{"name":"First International Workshop on Virtualization Technology in Distributed Computing (VTDC 2006)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114969459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling Data Centers as Economic Markets for Dynamic Service Provisioning and Resource Management","authors":"D. Cohen, S. Schaefer","doi":"10.1109/VTDC.2006.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTDC.2006.7","url":null,"abstract":"Within the computing industry the recent shift in emphasis to service-orientation gives rise to the question: how does delivering computation as a service differ from the way we deliver it today? Simultaneously, there has been a corresponding shift to scale-out, commodity computing platforms which has opened a significant gap in terms of control. To date, the management of services in the enterprise has been left to software developers, who must address the requisite capabilities in isolation. In this paper we propose an approach to allocating a shared pool of physical host computers through the employ of future and spot market semantics. The approach treats computation as a fungible resource whose ownership can be freely exchanged amongst market participants. These methods have been implemented as the virtual service switch which we will present here.","PeriodicalId":267821,"journal":{"name":"First International Workshop on Virtualization Technology in Distributed Computing (VTDC 2006)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122911215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using Para-Virtualization as the Basis for a Federated PlanetLab Architecture","authors":"C. Edwards, A. Harwood","doi":"10.1109/VTDC.2006.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTDC.2006.16","url":null,"abstract":"The federation of islands of large scale distributed systems is a difficult problem, in part because of the variety of systems involved. We categorize solutions into either the systems integration or the virtualization approach. Using the virtualization approach, we enable a federated architecture for the PlanetLab Internet testbed. The current implementation of PlanetLab has a central management authority responsible for the maintenance of the system's nodes and creation of virtual machines for users. We propose two additional entities, which separate aspects of a node and site's management, allowing viable federation, called the Site Manager and Federation Authority. Building on the existing virtualization used by PlanetLab, the realisation of our proposal makes use of Xen, a para-virtualization system for x86 hardware. We present the uses of Xen domains, or virtual machines, as hosts for both PlanetLab nodes and slices. This additional layer of virtualization is the basis of our federation architecture.","PeriodicalId":267821,"journal":{"name":"First International Workshop on Virtualization Technology in Distributed Computing (VTDC 2006)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129579083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Wolinsky, Abhishek Agrawal, P. Boykin, Justin R. Davis, Arijit Ganguly, V. Paramygin, Y. Sheng, R. Figueiredo
{"title":"On the Design of Virtual Machine Sandboxes for Distributed Computing in Wide-area Overlays of Virtual Workstations","authors":"D. Wolinsky, Abhishek Agrawal, P. Boykin, Justin R. Davis, Arijit Ganguly, V. Paramygin, Y. Sheng, R. Figueiredo","doi":"10.1109/VTDC.2006.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTDC.2006.8","url":null,"abstract":"With recent advances in virtual computing and the revelation that compute-intensive tasks run well on system virtual machines (VMs), the ability to develop, deploy, and manage distributed systems has been ameliorated. This paper explores the design space of VM-based sandboxes where the following techniques that facilitate the deployment of secure nodes in wide-area overlays of virtual workstations (WOWs) are employed: DHCP-based virtual IP address allocation, self-configuring virtual networks supporting peer-to-peer NAT traversal, stacked file systems, and IPsec-based host authentication and end-to-end encryption of communication channels. Experiments with implementations of single-image VM sandboxes, which incorporate the above features and are easily deployable on hosted I/O VMMs, show execution time overheads of 10.6% or less for a batch- oriented CPU-intensive benchmark.","PeriodicalId":267821,"journal":{"name":"First International Workshop on Virtualization Technology in Distributed Computing (VTDC 2006)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133970998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Virtual Machine Migration System Based on a CPU Emulator","authors":"Koichi Onoue, Y. Oyama","doi":"10.1109/VTDC.2006.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTDC.2006.2","url":null,"abstract":"Migration of virtual computing environments is a useful mechanism for advanced management of servers and utilization of a uniform computing environment on different machines. There have been a number of studies on migration of virtual computing environments based on virtual machine monitors (e.g., VMware) or language-level virtual machines (e.g., Java). However, migration systems based on a CPU emulator have not received much attention and their viability in a practical setting is not clear. In this paper, we describe Quasar, a virtual machine (VM) migration system implemented on top of the QEMU CPU emulator. Quasar can migrate a whole operating system between physical machines whose architectures are different (e.g., between an x86 machine and a PowerPC machine). Quasar provides a virtual networking facility, which allows migrating VMs to continue communication without disconnecting sockets for migration. Quasar also provides a staged migration function to reduce the downtime of migrating VMs. We have examined the viability of Quasar through experiments, in which Quasar was compared with Xen, SBUML, and UML. The experiments assessed the performance of virtual server hosting, the sizes of the files that represent VMs, and the amount of downtime for VM migration.","PeriodicalId":267821,"journal":{"name":"First International Workshop on Virtualization Technology in Distributed Computing (VTDC 2006)","volume":"47 22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128702779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}