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Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level最新文献

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Participation of People With Disabilities in the Decision-Making Process in Nepal 尼泊尔残疾人参与决策过程
Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch013
Obindra B. Chand, S. Uprety
{"title":"Participation of People With Disabilities in the Decision-Making Process in Nepal","authors":"Obindra B. Chand, S. Uprety","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch013","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the significant social and political changes over the last five decades in Nepal, persons with disabilities (PwDs) still face challenges in their everyday lives. Lack of meaningful participation of PwDs in leadership and decision-making processes, social stigma, discrimination, and inaccessible physical facilities have excluded PwDs from freely exercising fundamental rights such as voting. Mass media and civil society occasionally raise issues and problems faced by PwDs. Equally, the dearth of data regarding disability has created further challenges to policymakers and planners to understand the diversity of PwD issues at large. Based on a qualitative study, this chapter aims to explore the participation of PwDs particularly in the different phases of policy formulation (such as consultation and participation) at the municipal level and calls for crucial actions for ensuring meaningful participation of PwDs in democratic processes in Nepal in the current federal context.","PeriodicalId":266320,"journal":{"name":"Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125154762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
“What the People Give, They Can Take Away” “人们给予什么，他们就能拿走什么”
Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch006
Julio Ascarrunz, Yanina Welp
{"title":"“What the People Give, They Can Take Away”","authors":"Julio Ascarrunz, Yanina Welp","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch006","url":null,"abstract":"Provisions for the direct recall of elected representatives before the completion of their terms allow unsatisfied citizens to gather a number of signatures and submit to a vote his or her continuity in office. Following a Latin American trend, it was introduced for the first time in Bolivia with the 2009's Constitution. Since then, according to the regulation, there were two periods in which recall petitions were enabled–2013 and 2018–in which a total of 369 requests were registered at the subnational level. However, despite the number of initiatives, with only one exception (Bolpebra, Pando), none of them achieved a recall election. This chapter explores the reasons explaining the low number of initiatives achieving a vote. The study offers a comparative analysis of institutional designs and an in-depth study of attempts as well as the vote in Bolpedra.","PeriodicalId":266320,"journal":{"name":"Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130781646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Implementation of Noken Election System in Papua, Indonesia 诺肯选举制度在印尼巴布亚的实施
Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch014
Rosita Dewi
{"title":"The Implementation of Noken Election System in Papua, Indonesia","authors":"Rosita Dewi","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch014","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of the Noken election system in several areas in Papua Province is still debatable whether this system violates the democracy principle or not. Noken shows the symbol of power and wisdom when the election and induction of traditional (adat) leader that describe their own democracy election system. Noken has been used as an instrument to replace the ballot box since 1971 until the last Indonesia presidential direct election 2019, especially in highland areas, which are difficult to access. This Noken election system has been legally supported by several decisions of Constitutional Court in 2009. By cultivating the theory of recognition, this chapter aims to study the significance of Noken traditional election system as a form government recognition to Papuan even though this system is not applied in all Papua regions. Furthermore, this chapter attempts to analyze the potential of Noken election system as an alternative solution to reduce the Papua prolonged conflict by guaranteeing the political participation of the adat community.","PeriodicalId":266320,"journal":{"name":"Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114994027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Participatory Budgeting Within the Framework of Open Government 开放政府框架下的参与式预算
Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch007
Geovanny Vicente-Romero
{"title":"Participatory Budgeting Within the Framework of Open Government","authors":"Geovanny Vicente-Romero","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch007","url":null,"abstract":"Participatory budgeting is a public policy and management instrument as well as a mechanism to help develop citizen participation and transparency. This chapter examines participatory budgeting from its origins, evolution, and the way in which it has contributed to make management transparent at the local government level, appropriately guiding the use of financial resources while contributing to the fight against corruption. This work demonstrates how the Dominican Republic is implementing participatory budgeting policies and their impact on the administration of local municipalities, quality of life improvements, and citizen participation as a core democratic principle of direct open government. This chapter presents a strong case, based on the example of municipal-level governments in the Dominican Republic, that participatory budgeting at the local level is one of the most important direct democratic instruments of Open Governments after the right to vote to create a solid foundation for good governance at the local level.","PeriodicalId":266320,"journal":{"name":"Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128837237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Policy Evaluation on the Challenges of a Universal Basic Income for Referendum in Taiwan 全民基本收入全民公决挑战之政策评估
Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch009
Chang-Lin Li, Felix Schiller
{"title":"A Policy Evaluation on the Challenges of a Universal Basic Income for Referendum in Taiwan","authors":"Chang-Lin Li, Felix Schiller","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch009","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the Universal Basic Income (UBI) has become a frequently discussed issue around the world. Recently, Spain may issue permanent basic income as a method to flight COVID-19. Italy's government proposed the introduction in 2018. Also, Swiss citizens voted on the introduction by referendum in June 2016. But, would such a referendum be possible in Taiwan and what would be the outcome in Taiwan? The amended Taiwanese Referendum Act passed by the Legislative Yuan and enacted by President Tsai in January 2018 facilitates the referendum process and lowered the preconditions for citizens to launch a proposal. Currently, only 1,879 supporters required it in the first phase, and around 280,000 signatures in the second phase are necessary to support such an initiative; the acceptance quorum was then lowered to only 4,890,000 required voters. This chapter focuses on the public and empirical discussion of UBI in Taiwan and UBI as a possible referendum with learnings from the Swiss UBI experience.","PeriodicalId":266320,"journal":{"name":"Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132979918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Direct Democracy at the Local Level 地方一级的直接民主
Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch002
W. Marxer
{"title":"Direct Democracy at the Local Level","authors":"W. Marxer","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch002","url":null,"abstract":"Municipalities of Liechtenstein enjoy a considerable degree of autonomy. There are matters which, according to the Municipality Act, must be decided by the entirety of the municipality's citizens who are entitled to vote. Furthermore, a referendum can be held against decisions of the municipal council by collecting signatures, or a popular vote on certain issues can be triggered through a citizens' initiative. In such ballots, citizens who are entitled to vote and reside in the municipality are admitted. In case of votes on the naturalisation of foreign nationals, only those who are resident in and have citizenship of the municipality in question are entitled to vote. Votes on naturalisation are more frequent than votes on matters of substance. Initiatives at municipal level, on the other hand, are rare. Municipal citizens can also exert direct influence at national level. Direct democratic instruments at national level can be taken by a nationwide collection of signatures or three or four identical municipal resolutions.","PeriodicalId":266320,"journal":{"name":"Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115651834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Development of Initiatives and Municipal Referendums in Germany 德国城市公民投票与倡议的发展
Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch003
C. Premat
{"title":"The Development of Initiatives and Municipal Referendums in Germany","authors":"C. Premat","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch003","url":null,"abstract":"Direct democracy offers possibilities for citizens to influence political decisions especially at the local level. In Germany, the local political systems have been affected by the introduction of direct democratic tools such as citizen initiatives and local referendums since the Reunification. The state legislations defined new conditions for citizen initiatives and municipal referendums with a minimum number of valid signatures for initiatives and a minimum approval rate for referendums. The chapter evaluates the practice of local initiatives and municipal referendums in Germany and examines the routinization of these tools in local politics.","PeriodicalId":266320,"journal":{"name":"Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114868480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Turns of Direct Democracy at the Local Level in Latvia 拉脱维亚地方一级直接民主的转变
Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch005
Lilita Seimuskane, M. Pūķis
{"title":"Turns of Direct Democracy at the Local Level in Latvia","authors":"Lilita Seimuskane, M. Pūķis","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch005","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter provides analysis of obstacles for the introduction of direct citizen participation in the decision-making process at the local self-governments in Latvia, as well as intents of national government to widen participative democracy by formalization of consultation mechanisms. Within the scope of this study, participation is seen as an interaction form of relationship between citizens and a local government. The highest form, according to Arnstein's gradation theory of a ladder of citizen participation, refers to the participation degree called partnership, delegated power, and is described by Teorell as a citizen voice in the government. Situation and perspective of local government referendums are analysed. Consultation is implemented at the level by involving the residents in the work of local government commissions and implementing public deliberations. Administrative territorial reform, performed by 2021 elections, will decrease the number of local governments to a third of their current level.","PeriodicalId":266320,"journal":{"name":"Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127567707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Direct Democracy at the Local Level in Switzerland 瑞士地方一级的直接民主
Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch001
P. Rochat
{"title":"Direct Democracy at the Local Level in Switzerland","authors":"P. Rochat","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch001","url":null,"abstract":"Switzerland's more than 2,200 municipalities enjoy a high degree of autonomy and strongly developed direct democratic rights. The diversity of communal forms of direct democracy is correspondingly large. This chapter aims to trace the basic structures of these local democracies. One important distinction is at the centre of the argument. While the majority of municipalities are organised in direct democratic assemblies, the parliamentary system dominates in the larger cities and in many municipalities in French- and Italian-speaking Switzerland. However, equating parliaments with representative democracy and municipal assemblies with radical, direct democracy falls short of the mark. In fact, the local level reveals a vibrant and diverse mix of models of democracy. Depending on the cultural area and the situation of the individual municipalities, different approaches are taken to involve the voters in democratic decision making.","PeriodicalId":266320,"journal":{"name":"Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130354543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Towards Building Direct Democratic Governance Through the Ward Committee System in South African Local Government 通过区委员会制度构建南非地方政府的直接民主治理
Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch012
Ndwakhulu. Stephen Tshishonga
{"title":"Towards Building Direct Democratic Governance Through the Ward Committee System in South African Local Government","authors":"Ndwakhulu. Stephen Tshishonga","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7304-4.ch012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter interrogates the ward committee system as an instrument in an institutionalised local government level to advance direct participatory governance. The ward committee has a constitutional mandate upon which accountability, democratization, community governance, and inclusive participation in the municipal decision-making is enhanced. The ward committee system was legislated to create a platform for community participation and enhance accountable local governance. Structuration theory has been used to engage with elements of representativity, powers, skills, functionality, access to information, influence in decision-making, and relationship with others structures as developed by Smith and de Visser. The chapter made use of various case studies to interrogate the role, potential, and challenges of the ward committee system in forging direct participatory governance.","PeriodicalId":266320,"journal":{"name":"Direct Democracy Practices at the Local Level","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130378627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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