{"title":"Early black-hole seeds in the first billion years","authors":"U. Maio","doi":"10.22323/1.362.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.362.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Supermassive black holes with billion solar masses are in place already within the first Gyr, however, their origin and growth in such a short lapse of time is extremely challenging to understand. Here, we discuss the formation paths of early black-hole seeds, showing the limits of light black-hole seeds from stellar origin and the expected characteristics of heavy/massive black-hole seeds originated by gas direct collapse in peculiar primordial conditions. To draw conclusions on the possible candidates and the role of the ambient medium, we use results from N-body hydrodynamic simulations including atomic and molecular non-equilibrium abundance calculations, cooling, star formation, feedback mechanisms, stellar evolution, metal spreading of several heavy elements from SNII, AGB and SNIa, and multifrequency radiative transfer over 150 frequencies coupled to chemistry and SED emission for popII-I and popIII stellar sources. Standard stellar-origin light black holes are unlikely to be reliable seeds of early supermassive black holes, because, under realistic assumptions, they cannot grow significantly in less than a billion years. Alternatively, massive black-hole seeds might originate from direct collapse of pristine gas in primordial quiescent mini-haloes that are exposed to stellar radiation from nearby star forming regions. The necessary conditions required to form these heavy seeds must be complemented with information on the complex features of local environments and the fine balance between chemistry evolution and radiative transfer.","PeriodicalId":265862,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources - XIII — PoS(MULTIF2019)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124927972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Astrophysical Black Holes: A Review","authors":"C. Bambi","doi":"10.22323/1.362.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.362.0028","url":null,"abstract":"In this review, I have tried to focus on the development of the field, from the first speculations to the current lines of research. According to Einstein's theory of general relativity, black holes are relatively simple objects and completely characterized by their mass, spin angular momentum, and electric charge, but the latter can be ignored in the case of astrophysical macroscopic objects. Search for black holes in the sky started in the early 1970s with the dynamical measurement of the mass of the compact object in Cygnus X-1. In the past 10-15 years, astronomers have developed some techniques for measuring the black hole spins. Recently, we have started using astrophysical black holes for testing fundamental physics.","PeriodicalId":265862,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources - XIII — PoS(MULTIF2019)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123167831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Shakura, D. Kolesnikov, K. Postnov, I. Volkov, I. Bikmaev, T. Irsmambetova, R. Staubert, J. Wilms, E. Irtuganov, P. Shurygin, P. Golysheva, S. Shugarov, I. Nikolenko, E. Trunkovsky, G. Schonherr, A. Schwope, D. Klochkov
{"title":"Multi-frequency long-term observations of Her X-1 - The 35-d cycle","authors":"N. Shakura, D. Kolesnikov, K. Postnov, I. Volkov, I. Bikmaev, T. Irsmambetova, R. Staubert, J. Wilms, E. Irtuganov, P. Shurygin, P. Golysheva, S. Shugarov, I. Nikolenko, E. Trunkovsky, G. Schonherr, A. Schwope, D. Klochkov","doi":"10.22323/1.362.0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.362.0047","url":null,"abstract":"In this work are presented the results of modelling of 35 d superorbital changes of B and V lightcurves and X-ray flux of HZ Her/Her X-1. The model implemented in the new code written in C programming language, with module for parameter optimisation written in Python. The model includes a tilted precessing and warped accretion disc around a freely precessing neutron star. The disc is warped near its inner edge due to interaction with the rotating neutron star magnetosphere. The magnetic torque depends on the precessional phase of the neutron star. The X-ray emission flux from the neutron star also depends on the free precession phase which modulates the X-ray illumination of the optical star atmosphere and the intensity of gas streams. We demonstrate that this model is able to well reproduce both optical observations of HZ Her and the behaviour of the 35-day X-ray cycle.","PeriodicalId":265862,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources - XIII — PoS(MULTIF2019)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123537063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Beall, K. Lind, P. Meintjes, D. Rose, M. Wolff, Brian vanSoelen, Izak vanderWesthuizen
{"title":"Large-Scale Hydrodynamic Simulations of Astrophysical Jets","authors":"J. Beall, K. Lind, P. Meintjes, D. Rose, M. Wolff, Brian vanSoelen, Izak vanderWesthuizen","doi":"10.22323/1.331.0060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.331.0060","url":null,"abstract":"We present results of fully three-dimensional (3-D) simulations of astrophysical jets. These ef- \u0000forts use the the PLUTO code (Mignone et al. 2007) run in a highly parallel environment for the \u0000hydrodynamic, magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD), relativistic hydrodynamic (RHD), and relativis- \u0000tic, magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) simulations. In this work, we focus on RMHD simulations, \u0000but also present estimations of the 15 GHz radio flux based on RHD simulations post-processed \u0000to show the radio-emission from the astrophysical jets. \u0000Keywords: jets, active galaxies, blazars, intracluster medium, non-linear dynamics, plasma as- \u0000trophysics, computational fluid dynamics, relativistic, magnetized fluid flows.","PeriodicalId":265862,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources - XIII — PoS(MULTIF2019)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130862977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"GLADIS: GLobal Accretion Disk Instability Simulation","authors":"A. Janiuk","doi":"10.22323/1.362.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.362.0048","url":null,"abstract":"I present the publicly available code GLADIS (GLobal Accretion Disk Instability Simulation) developed in my reserach group over the years 2002-2017. \u0000It can be freely downloaded and modified by the users via the link from the Astrophysics Source Code Library. The software computes time-dependent evolution of a black hole accretion disk, in one-dimensional, axisymmetric, vertically integrated scheme. The main applications are to explain the variability of accretion disks that can be subject to radiation-pressure instability. The phenomenon is relevant for fast variable microquasars, as well as for a class of changing-look AGN.","PeriodicalId":265862,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources - XIII — PoS(MULTIF2019)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130172545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High Energy Astrophysical Techniques","authors":"R. Poggiani","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-44729-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44729-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265862,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Multifrequency Behaviour of High Energy Cosmic Sources - XIII — PoS(MULTIF2019)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116844418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}