Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications最新文献

{"title":"Consolidation characteristics of gypsiferous soils","authors":"K. Sirwan, A. H. Majeed, B. Wadood","doi":"10.1144/GSL.ENG.1991.007.01.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.ENG.1991.007.01.47","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recently developed gypsiferous soils areas have posed unprecedented Problems in construction. Structures, buildings, leaking canals, and pipe works have cracked, tilted, and collapsed due to drop of strength and settlement on soaking: and in cases of continuous water seepage to foundations the soils were washed away. Immediate and long term continuous settlements are characteristic of gypsiferous soils: more over, sites' heterogeneity makes the design of foundations all the more difficult. On the other hand, the apparent strength of these soils, when they are dry, has led to errors which have eventually led to cracks and failures of many structures. It is the aim of this paper to describe the basic engineering characteristics of these soils in terms of normal consolidation, as well as long term settlement behaviour under stress. It is recomnended that foundation pits should be kept dry during foundation construction: further, low hearing capacity values in design should be adopted to minimize settlement as well as creep of soils in both dry and wet situations.","PeriodicalId":265482,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125338219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rational Approach to Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Testing","authors":"A. Coatsworth","doi":"10.1144/GSL.1986.002.01.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.1986.002.01.34","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Because of sampling disturbance the results of unconsolidated undrained triaxial tests often show a considerable scatter and seriously underestimate the undrained strength of a natural soil. Therefore, consolidated undrained triaxial testing is sometimes used, the fundamentally based methods being Bjerrum's, in which specimens are anisotropically consolidated to the field effective stresses, and the SHANSEP method, in which specimens are consolidated to much higher stresses, allowed to swell if the soil is overconsolidated in situ, and the results then normalised. The relative merits of these two approaches depend on the type of soil. In commercial practice, however, most consolidated undrained triaxial testing is carried out on a purely empirical basis, in part because both the Bjerrum and SHANSEP methods require anisotropic consolidation procedures which are not commonly available. Approximations to actual soil behaviour can be used to devise a Modified SHANSEP method, which utilises conventional isotropic consolidation. Two site investigations are cited as examples of the use of the method, and in both cases the derived undrained strengths were higher than those from unconsolidated undrained testing.","PeriodicalId":265482,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125400295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-hole seismic tomography for engineering site investigation","authors":"P. Jackson, D. Mccann","doi":"10.1144/GSL.ENG.1997.012.01.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.ENG.1997.012.01.22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The results of cross-hole seismic tomography at sites where there is good geological control are presented. Comparisons have been made between the tomograms and the geological cross sections in order to assess the technique under in situ conditions. It is shown that while the geological sections do not contain velocity information they have provided structural constraints which provided fresh insight when interpreting the seismic tomograms. Processing artefacts in field-data tomograms, particularly when the angular ray coverage is incomplete, have been identified using ‘synthetic’ tomograms based on the geological section. In addition, velocity anisotropy and critically refracted arrivals were identified as likely causes of differences between ‘synthetic’ and ‘field data’ tomograms, given a knowledge of the geological section. It is proposed that cross borehole tomographic surveys should not be taken immediately at their face value in the absence of geological control.","PeriodicalId":265482,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115592437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geotechnical core and rock mass characterization for the UK radioactive waste repository design","authors":"C. Rawlings","doi":"10.1144/GSL.ENG.1996.011.01.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.ENG.1996.011.01.28","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The NGI method of characterizing joints (using JRC, JCS and ør) and characterizing rock masses (using the Q-system) have been and are currently being used extensively in geotechnical consultancy projects. One such project recently completed for UK Nirex Ltd included the logging of 8 km of 100-mm-diameter drill core from boreholes up to 2 km in depth. Preliminary rock reinforcement designs were derived from the Q-system statistics, which were logged in parallel with JRC, JCS and ør. The data from the NGI method of characterizing joints and the Q-system for characterizing rock masses have also been used as the basis for UDEC-BB numerical modelling of the proposed cavern excavations for the disposal of solid, low- and intermediate-level radioactive wastes. The purpose of this numerical modelling was to investigate the stability of rock caverns and in particular the rock reinforcement requirements (giving predicted bolt loads and rock deformations), the extent of the disturbed zone (joint shearing and hydraulic aperture) with respect to cavern orientation, the effect of various pillar widths, and the effect of the cavern excavation sequence.","PeriodicalId":265482,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116062823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About this title","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/gsl.eng.2001.017.01.00","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.2001.017.01.00","url":null,"abstract":"In 1985, the Geological Society published Aggregates as the first volume in its Engineering Geology Special Publication series. It met with immediate acclaim, being awarded the Brewis Trophy by SAGA in 1986. \"If your work involves the use of aggregates, buy this book and read no further; this volume will be an essential and valuable reference that you will use for many years.' (Canadian Geotechnical Journal 1988) In 1989, the working party whose work had resulted in the publication of Aggregates was reconvened to revise, update and extend their report. Each chapter was reviewed by independent referees. The second and greatly improved edition, published in 1993 and reprinted in 1998, represented the distillation of a vast body of knowledge and experience held not only by the members of the working party, but also by many international experts, scientists and engineers who contributed as reviewers, referees and corresponding authors. Owing to continued demand for this unique reference book, a group of aggregate specialists was convened in 1999 in order to review thoroughly and update Aggregates for this third edition. Outline of contents: Introduction; Occurrences; Field investigations; Extraction; Processing; Classification; Testing; Aggregates for concrete; Aggregates for mortar; Unbound aggregates; Bituminous bound aggregates; Rail ballast; Filter media; Appendix: Aggregate properties; Glossary; Index. Working Party Members and/or third edition Reviewers: Mr L. Collis (formerly Sandberg); Professor P. G. Fookes (Chairman; consulting engineering geologist), Mr R. A. Fox (formerly RMC Aggregates (UK) Ltd), Professor G. P. Hammersley (formerly Laing Technology Group, now BRE), Mr P. M. Harris (formerly BGS), Dr I. E. Higginbottom (formerly Wimpey Environmental Ltd), Mr J. Lay (RMC Aggregates (UK) Ltd), Dr G. Lees (formerly University of Birmingham), Mr D. I. Roberts (Land and Mineral Resource consultants), Mr A. R. Roeder (formerly British Cement Association), Dr I. Sims (Secretary; formerly Sandberg, now STATS Limited), Dr M. R. Smith (formerly Imperial College, now the Institute of Quarrying), Dr R. G. Thurrell (formerly BGS), Dr G. West (formerly TRL).","PeriodicalId":265482,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122771987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The application of electromagnetic techniques to environmental geophysical surveys","authors":"J. D. Mcneill","doi":"10.1144/GSL.ENG.1997.012.01.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.ENG.1997.012.01.09","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Conventional DC resistivity techniques have been applied for many years to a variety of environmental geophysical applications. More recently electromagnetic techniques, with different advantages (and disadvantages) compared with conventional DC, have been used effectively to measure the resistivity (or its reciprocal, the conductivity) of the earth. Electromagnetic techniques can be broadly divided into two groups. In frequency-domain instrumentation (FDEM) the transmitter current varies sinusoidally with time at a fixed frequency. In most time domain (TDEM) instrumentation the transmitter current, while still periodic, is a modified symmetrical square wave.","PeriodicalId":265482,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications","volume":"250 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122462027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering properties of two types of pulverized fuel ash","authors":"M. Mahmoud, R. S. Morley","doi":"10.1144/GSL.ENG.1996.011.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.ENG.1996.011.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The engineering characteristics of two types of pulverized fuel ash (PFA) are investigated in terms of their geotechnical properties. The two PFAs investigated are (1) a ‘lagoon’ PFA, subsequently stockpiled and then end-tipped for infilling an old gravel pit in Staffordshire, and (2) a ‘conditioned’ PFA used to create a mound adjacent to a coal power station in Yorkshire. Measurements of strength and compressibility characteristics are discussed with respect to predicting the behaviour of these two PFAs vis-à-vis slope stability and settlement. Charts are presented (a) for determining settlements of lagoon PFAs, and (b) for establishing strength parameters of conditioned PFAs.","PeriodicalId":265482,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114400536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discussion of Session 2a","authors":"","doi":"10.1144/GSL.ENG.1991.007.01.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.ENG.1991.007.01.36","url":null,"abstract":"Previous speakers have made the point that shear surfaces are not always easy to find. In fact, they are often extremely difficult to find; this can be critical. Following the failure of Carsington Dam in 1984, a trial pit was dug specifically to look for solifluction shear surfaces. Detailed logging was carried out over a period of several days by experienced engineering geologists and the pit was inspected by a number of eminent visitors. All concluded that solifluctlon shears were not present. The pit was left open. After about four weeks of warm dry weather, a solifluction shear surface could clearly be seen over the full length of the pit. Further detailed logging confirmed the presence of this and other shear surfaces. In order to examine the lateral continuity of these surfaces, a further pit was excavated at right angles giving a T-shaped excavation. In this new pit it was not possible to find any shear surfaces, even though their position at the intersection was accurately known. It took several days for the clay to dry sufficiently to enable confirmation of the details being sought. The conclusions to be drawn from this experience are as follows:","PeriodicalId":265482,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116587385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permeability considerations about rock foundation on waste disposal","authors":"A. Foyo, C. Tomillo","doi":"10.1144/GSL.ENG.1996.011.01.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.ENG.1996.011.01.18","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The use of the traditional permeability test (the water pressure test) to analyse the permeability of rock foundations for waste disposal, is not applicable in all materials because the high pressures used in the test may produce hydraulic fracturing. This paper describes a new permeability test, called the low pressure test or LPT, which is used to obtain the true permeability of a waste disposal foundation on weak and impervious rock. Finally, the results obtained with the use of the LPT to analyse the permeability of a waste disposal foundation are described.","PeriodicalId":265482,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116843832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrochemistry of pollutant attenuation in groundwater contaminated by coal tar wastes","authors":"D. Torstensson, S. Thornton, M. Broholm, D. Lerner","doi":"10.1144/GSL.ENG.1998.014.01.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.ENG.1998.014.01.18","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper describes a preliminary hydrochemical study of a Triassic Sandstone aquifer in the UK East Midlands which is contaminated by coal tar waste products from a former coal-carbonization plant. Processes controlling the attenuation of inorganic species within the identified plume are examined, supported by equilibrium and reactive transport modelling of contaminant fate. The study forms part of a more detailed research programme examining the long term fate of pollutants from this site in the aquifer. Groundwater beneath the site is polluted with NH4 (up to 350 mg l-1), SO4 and NVOC from the plant and nearby coal mining operations. Concentrations of organic chemicals within the plume are not significant. The aquifer is calcareous, (Fe) oxide-rich and aerobic, and geochemical modelling suggests that the native groundwater chemistry is primarily controlled by carbonate equilibria. Anaerobic conditions are sustained within the plume by microbial oxidation of the NH4 and NVOC load which is coupled to the reduction of native Fe oxides. Sulphate is transported conservatively within the plume. The NH4 load is primarily attenuated by cation exchange reactions with the aquifer sediments. This is supplemented by nitrification at the plume margins under conditions of higher oxygen flux which generates locally elevated NO3 concentrations and depressed pH in the contaminated groundwater. Elevated alkalinity within the plume is consistent with dissociation of the ammonia waste stream during groundwater transport and is an important control on the increased porewater Ca and Fe load mobilized by cation-exchange and redox reactions. A conceptual model of the key processes affecting contaminant fate within the plume is presented and the implications for aquifer clean-up are discussed.","PeriodicalId":265482,"journal":{"name":"Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129624126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}