British Journal of Infection Control最新文献

{"title":"Hand hygiene: “Simple, inexpensive and an effective tool”","authors":"S. Bhojani, S. D’Costa, A. Gupta","doi":"10.1177/1469044608092806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1469044608092806","url":null,"abstract":"Hospital acquired infection severely affects patients, prolongs hospital stays and presents a major challenge for quality of patients' care (Emmerson et al, 1996; Hand washing Liaison Group, 1999). Improvement in hand hygiene can help in reduction of hospital acquired infection (Hand washing Liaison Group, 1999; Kilpatrick et al, 2007; Whitby et al, 2007; Duerink et al, 2006; Sohn et al, 2005; Jumaa 2005; Randle et al, 2006). Three observational audits were carried out to ascertain existing hand hygiene practice. In the first audit, prescribed standards were achieved in only 29% of cases. After appropriate educational interventions, a repeat study after three months showed significant improvement in up to 84% of cases. The final audit, eight months after the second study, showed that although consultants and registrars had maintained high standards (90%), senior house officers' (SHOs) practice deteriorated (46%). Although both SHOs and registrars changed during this period, only SHO performance deteriorated. Possible reasons may be either that SHOs need more education, or that because they have a busier workload, omission is more common among them, but, this requires more exploration. Conclusion: Hand hygiene is a simple but important practice. Repeat audits plus education appears to drive up standards. Recommendations: To achieve desirable and sustained behaviour change, there is a need to present information on hand hygiene to all doctors at regular intervals. Regular but random covert surveillance observation of practice with a professionals' prior consent appeared to assist in improving practice in this study.","PeriodicalId":265443,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Infection Control","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131834486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The emergence of the ICNA and progression to the IPS","authors":"G. Ayliffe","doi":"10.1177/1469044608092080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1469044608092080","url":null,"abstract":"utbreaks of penicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections were reported in the 1940s and it soon became apparent that this organism was spreading in hospitals around the world. The introduction of phage typing enabled the different epidemic strains to be characterised and a particularly virulent strain, type 80/81, was identifi ed that often infected neonates and caused furunculosis in the nursing staff. Other strains of different phage types were common causes of postoperative sepsis. In 1955, Leonard Colebrook, who had previously worked on burns infections in Birmingham, proposed that hospitals should appoint a full-time control of infection offi cer to review information on sepsis and to coordinate preventive measures. Although the idea was widely accepted, no full-time offi cers were appointed in the UK. Meanwhile, about the same time, a severe outbreak of postoperative wound sepsis occurred in the Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital where Brendan Moore was Director of the Public Health Laboratory. He was a good research worker which was infl uenced by his early mathematical training, and his organising ability was aided by his considerable Irish charm. His main interests were in the bacteriology of the environment and water and he was well known for developing a special swab for detecting enteric pathogens in sewage. However, he immediately turned his attention to the problem of staphylococcal infections and helped to implement the recommendations later published in Staphylococcal Infections in Hospitals (Ministry of Health, 1959). These included the setting up of an Infection Control Committee and a ward record of infections fi lled in by the medical staff. These records were often inaccurate and although improved if completed by ward sisters, the information obtained was often too late to introduce useful preventive measures. He also observed in a study of sutures in infected wounds that the staphylococci isolated from them were mercury resistant and were often epidemic strains. This enabled him to develop a laboratory test for early recognition of epidemic strains in advance of phage typing results. Another major staphylococcal outbreak in Torbay hospital, which was some distance from Exeter, attracted Brendan Moore's attention. An Infection Control Committee had also been set up and a surgeon, Mr AM Gardner, was appointed as the Infection Control Offi cer, but although interested, he had limited time available for epidemiological studies. The local laboratory facilities were also unable to deal with all the swabs required. The Matron, Mrs Stamm, on Brendan Moore's suggestion and with the agreement of the hospital secretary and the consultants, offered the full-time services of a hospital sister to help in the ascertainment and prevention of infection in patients and to collect clearance swabs from staff. Miss E Cottrell was the fi rst Infection Control Sister (ICS) to be appointed in the country in 1959. She had been a theatre superi","PeriodicalId":265443,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Infection Control","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122203615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blood pressure cuffs as a potential fomite for transmission of pathogenic micro- organisms: A prospective study in a university teaching hospital","authors":"J. Baruah, S. Kumar, A. Gratrix, W. Dibb, M. Madeo","doi":"10.1177/1469044608091150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1469044608091150","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the contamination of blood pressure cuffs on medical, surgical, paediatric and intensive care areas in a university teaching hospital. Design: A comprehensive, prospective study quantitatively and qualitatively evaluating the bacterial contamination on blood pressure cuffs of 100 sphygmomanometers in use in ten hospital units from June through to July 2007. Setting: A university teaching hospital with medical, surgical, paediatric and intensive care units. Results: The inner sides of the cuffs were found to harbour more organisms (97%) compared to the outer surface (89%). The inside also had a much higher level of contamination, 29% having >100 colony forming units (cfu) compared to only 8% with >100cfu on the outer surface. On average most cuffs were found to have organisms in the 10—100 cfu range. The most heavily contaminated cuffs (>100cfu) were found on the general intensive care unit. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus was the most commonly isolated organism, found in 67% of samples.","PeriodicalId":265443,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Infection Control","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129616906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influenza and RSV among returning travellers","authors":"H. Rashid, S. Shafi, E. Haworth, H. El Bashir, R. Booy","doi":"10.1177/1469044607089642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1469044607089642","url":null,"abstract":"Annually about 45,000 European Muslims attend the Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. One in seven pilgrims with respiratory symptoms suffers from proven influenza and upwards of one in 25 from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (Rashid et al, 2008). To investigate whether travellers bring these infections back home we conducted a pilot survey on pilgrims with flulike illness who returned home after the Hajj 2005 by setting up clinics at two UK mosques. The East London and the Aylesbury mosques situated in London and in Buckinghamshire were chosen to represent dense and moderately dense Muslim populations respectively.","PeriodicalId":265443,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Infection Control","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127751988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection control team workforce project","authors":"C. Barrett, D. Hilder, J. Prieto","doi":"10.1177/1469044608092255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1469044608092255","url":null,"abstract":"Many features of the NHS conspire to make workforce planning different and difficult. It is often integrated with other planning processes. There are few available guidelines for workforce configurations of infection control (IC) teams or evidence that assesses the effectiveness of different staffing configurations. A telephone survey of IC practice in four NHS trusts in England was undertaken to assist an NHS foundation trust to evaluate the workforce options for reconfiguring their IC team. The calls were semi-structured, recorded qualitative data and lasted 30-40 minutes. The thematic analysis revealed three IC themes: working practices, workforce profiles and governance issues, and suggested that multi-disciplinary, hospital-based IC teams have a strategic approach to engagement with clinical areas. The background, purpose and findings of the survey are reported and the implications for the future evidence base of IC practice.","PeriodicalId":265443,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Infection Control","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123363862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation of the division between espoused and actual practice in infection control and of the knowledge sources that may underpin this division","authors":"A. Nichols, B. Badger","doi":"10.1177/1469044608088621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1469044608088621","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This paper aims to provide a better understanding of divisions between the espoused and actual infection control practice of staff working within a renal unit and to investigate the sources of knowledge used to underpin practice. Background: Healthcare associated infection continues to be a major problem for health services. It has been claimed that healthcare associated infections may be reduced by around a third through the use of effective infection control measures. The effectiveness of these measures will rely upon the learning and skills of those implementing them. Methods: The study employed a primarily qualitative approach using participant observation and semi structured interviews over a six month period on a renal unit within a district general hospital. Results: Results gained provided some indication of a gap between espoused and actual compliance with infection control policy in practice while also indicating that tacit knowledge and learning in practice may offer an effective means of gaining and implementing infection control knowledge. Conclusions: This study highlights divisions between espoused and actual infection control practice, it also emphasises the role of tacit learning and how tacit knowledge may be gained and employed in practice.","PeriodicalId":265443,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Infection Control","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125005326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Shifting the emphasis","authors":"T. Cooper, P. Weaving","doi":"10.1177/1469044608092132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1469044608092132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265443,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Infection Control","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134344357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of the DIPC in primary care trusts","authors":"H. Pickles, Y. Koh","doi":"10.1177/1469044607089689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1469044607089689","url":null,"abstract":"Every NHS trust is expected to have a Director of Infection Prevention and Control (DIPC). What might work well for organisations directly providing clinical services is increasingly inappropriate for primary care trusts (PCTs) as they lose their provider functions. This paper discusses the potential role for the PCT DIPC in the future, with increasing emphasis on the role in commissioning.","PeriodicalId":265443,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Infection Control","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121699574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using data effectively to prevent and control infection","authors":"E. Curran, Jennie Wilson","doi":"10.1177/1469044607090232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1469044607090232","url":null,"abstract":"Data is an essential tool for convincing healthcare workers to accept that problems exist, inspire them to better performance, or demonstrate that their performance is improving. Infection control professionals have access to a wealth of data on healthcare associated infections. Using simple graphical examples this paper illustrates how data can be analysed and presented in accessible ways that will help infection control practitioners to better understand infection problems and to use the information to influence practice.","PeriodicalId":265443,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Infection Control","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122831755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of patient satisfaction regarding the care and information provided by infection control nurses relating to MRSA","authors":"E. Bellamy","doi":"10.1177/1469044607088373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1469044607088373","url":null,"abstract":"Meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has attracted much sensationalist reporting from the media in recent years and has contributed to a high level of anxiety among the public in general. In response to this, and bearing in mind the Department of Health's encouragement to involve the patient in improving healthcare services, the Infection Prevention and Control Team (IPCT) at a large acute NHS trust undertook an evaluation of patient satisfaction with their MRSA related care. The aim was to improve the service currently offered by IPCT to inpatients who are either infected or colonised with MRSA. The survey demonstrated a general satisfaction with the current service. However, several recommendations are under review as a consequence of the study, including: ■ Content of information leaflets ■ Content of MRSA educational programmes ■ Ensuring attendance at mandatory infection control education sessions ■ The method of information provision for patients with MRSA ■ The amount of protected time for link practitioners. Other trusts may have similar issues, levels of patient satisfaction and patient concerns, and infection prevention and control teams may find it beneficial to review the issues identified through this survey.","PeriodicalId":265443,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Infection Control","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125729998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}