April 2020最新文献_第2页

Laboratory Analysis of Foam Generating Surfactants and Their Thermal Stability for Enhanced Oil Recovery Application 泡沫生成表面活性剂及其提高采收率热稳定性的实验室分析

April 2020 Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2002.17

Muhammad Khan Memon, Ubedullah Ansari, H. U. Memon

{"title":"Laboratory Analysis of Foam Generating Surfactants and Their Thermal Stability for Enhanced Oil Recovery Application","authors":"Muhammad Khan Memon, Ubedullah Ansari, H. U. Memon","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2002.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2002.17","url":null,"abstract":"The residual oil after primary or secondary oil recovery can be recovered by the methods of EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery). The objective of this study is screening the surfactants that generate maximum stable foam in the presence of brine salinity at 92oC. Laboratory experiments have been performed to examine and compare the stability of generated foam by individual and blended surfactants in the synthetic brine water. AOS C14-16 (Alpha Olefin Sulfonate) and SDS (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfonate) were selected as main surfactants. Aqueous stability test of AOS C14-16 and SDS with brine water salinity 62070ppm was performed at 92oC. AAS (Alcohol Alkoxy Sulfate) was blended with SDS and AOS C14-16. The solution was stable in the presence of brine salinity at same conditions. Salt tolerance experimental study revealed that AOS C14-16 did not produce precipitates at 92oC. Further, the foam stability of surfactant blend was performed. Result shows that, the maximum life time of generated foam was observed by using blend of 0.2wt% SDS+0.2wt% AOS+0.2wt% AS-1246 and 0.2wt% AOS+0.2wt% IOSC15-18+0.2wt% AAS surfactants as compared to the foam generated by individual surfactants. The success of generated foam by these surfactant solutions in the presence of brine water is the primary screening of surfactant stability and foamability for EOR applications in reservoirs type of reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":265427,"journal":{"name":"April 2020","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115997256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Design Patterns on Software Complexity and Size 设计模式对软件复杂性和规模的影响

April 2020 Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2002.10

Nosheen Qamar, Ali Afzal Malik

{"title":"Impact of Design Patterns on Software Complexity and Size","authors":"Nosheen Qamar, Ali Afzal Malik","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2002.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2002.10","url":null,"abstract":"Many different factors influence the quality of software. Among the most important of these factors is software complexity. One way to improve software quality, therefore, is to minimize its complexity making it more understandable and maintainable. The design phase of the software development life cycle plays an instrumental role in fostering quality in software. Seasoned designers often use past design best practices codified in the form of design patterns to make their designs and the resultant code more elegant, robust, and resilient to change. Little work, however, has been done to empirically assess the quantitative impact of design patterns on software complexity. This research is an attempt to fill this gap. A comparative analysis of before and after versions of program pairs written without and with design patterns was performed for all twenty three GoF (Gang of Four) design patterns. These program pairs were collected (or, in some cases, developed) and compared with respect to their complexity and size. The results of this comparative analysis reveal that the cyclomatic complexity of the programs written using design patterns was less for most of the design patterns as compared to the programs written without using design patterns. However, the values of CK metrics, number of classes, and software size SLOC (Source Lines of Code) increased when design patterns were used.","PeriodicalId":265427,"journal":{"name":"April 2020","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132081585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

E-Learning Adoption and Acceptance in Pakistan: Moderating Effect of Gender and Experience 巴基斯坦电子学习的采用和接受:性别和经验的调节作用

April 2020 Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2002.09

Faria Kanwal, M. Rehman, M. A. Malik

引用次数: 11

Simulation of Cotton Stalks for Syngas Generation Using CO2 and Air as Gasifying Agents 以CO2和空气为气化剂的棉花秸秆制合成气模拟

April 2020 Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2002.13

Ghulamullah Maitlo, R. Mahar, K. M. Brohi

{"title":"Simulation of Cotton Stalks for Syngas Generation Using CO2 and Air as Gasifying Agents","authors":"Ghulamullah Maitlo, R. Mahar, K. M. Brohi","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2002.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2002.13","url":null,"abstract":"Gasification of coal and biomass using CO2 and air mixture as a carrier gas offers an encouraging way to eliminate the shortage of energy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. In the present study, the EulerianLagrangian approach was applied to understand the thermochemical conversion behavior of feedstock in entrained flow gasifier. Commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code ANSYS FLUENT®14 was used for the simulation purpose. It was observed that with variation in the CO2 in the air and the CO2 to cotton stalk ratio had a meaningful effect on gasification performance. The different ratios of air and CO2 in varying percentages such as 20% CO2, 30% CO2, 40% CO2, 50% CO2, 60% CO2, 70% CO2 and remaining percentages of air were introduced in entrained flow gasifier. With the increase in CO2 to cotton stalk ratio, the concentration of H2 and CO2 decreased whereas as the concentration of CO improved. It is revealed that mole fraction of CO and CH4 attained maximum when CO2% in the air was 50% and H2 mole fraction was observed maximum at a CO2% in the air was 30%. At 50% CO2 mixture in air, the maximum lower heating value and cold gas efficiency were observed. Therefore, the optimum situation might be 50% percentage CO2 in the gasifying agent for this entrained flow gasifier. Hence an increase in CO and H2, the cold gas efficiency and lower heating value reached the maximum. However, this study provides an appropriate route for energy production using cotton stalks as raw material and will help in designing and operation of the entrained flow reactor. The simulations indicate the thermodynamic limits of gasification and allow for the formulation of the general principles ruling this process. Moreover, no literature is available for the parametric investigations of Pakistani biomass gasification using entrained-flow gasifier. So this is a novel work for Pakistan and will be treated as foundation work for biomass gasification in the country.","PeriodicalId":265427,"journal":{"name":"April 2020","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123282059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dinomania

April 2020 Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1144/geosci2020-073

引用次数: 3

Human Scalp Hair as Fiber Reinforcement in Cement Concrete 人类头发丝在水泥混凝土中的纤维增强作用

April 2020 Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2002.20

Shanker Lal Meghwar, G. B. Khaskheli, Aneel Kumar

{"title":"Human Scalp Hair as Fiber Reinforcement in Cement Concrete","authors":"Shanker Lal Meghwar, G. B. Khaskheli, Aneel Kumar","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2002.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2002.20","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry is the largest manufacturing industry, which produces concrete and other related materials for construction of infrastructure around the world, after the food production industry. This industry requires a lot of natural resources like aggregates, limestone etc. to produce finished product such as concrete and cement. These natural resources are limited and have to deplete one day, so alternate to these resources are required. On the other hand, this industry produces a large amount of waste material that creates environmental pollution. Thus, recycling the waste as potential raw material and to produce a usable product is the need of present era for sustainable construction. This study presents the quantitative analysis of HSH (Human Scalp Hair) as fibers in cement concrete. This study aims to investigate the behaviour of concrete in terms of their mechanical properties when HSH are used as fibers. A detailed investigation on two types of concrete specimens i.e. cylindrical (150 mm diameter and 300 mm height) and prism (150 mm depth, width and 600 mm length) made with a different proportion of HSH as fibers and concrete mix ratios, was carried out. In this study, various proportions of HSH added in concrete that includes 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% by weight of OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement). All specimens were cast at two concrete mix ratios i.e. 1:2:4 and 1:1.5:3 with 0.50 W/C (Water-Cement Ratio). Moreover, specimens were tested in UTM (Universal Testing Machine) at 28 days curing age, for splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete. It was observed from the experimental analysis that there is an improvement in mechanical properties of concrete at specific percentage of HSH and reduction of workability and density with increasing percentages of HSH.","PeriodicalId":265427,"journal":{"name":"April 2020","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115157558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Effects of Composted and Vermicomposted Sugarcane Industry Wastes and Farm Manure on Tomato Quality and Yield 堆肥和蚯蚓堆肥的甘蔗工业废弃物和农场粪便对番茄品质和产量的影响

April 2020 Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.22581/muet1982.2002.14

R. Shah, M. Abid, M. F. Qayyum

{"title":"Effects of Composted and Vermicomposted Sugarcane Industry Wastes and Farm Manure on Tomato Quality and Yield","authors":"R. Shah, M. Abid, M. F. Qayyum","doi":"10.22581/muet1982.2002.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2002.14","url":null,"abstract":"A field study was conducted to signify the use of sugarcane industrial and dairy farm wastes through composting and vermi-composting and application to tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L) crop to evaluate any effects on growth, yield and fruit quality. Composts and vermi-composts of FM (Farm Manure), SB (Sugarcane Bagasse), SP (Sugarcane Pressmud), mixture of SB×SP×SE [sugarcane effluent (1:1:1)] @ 10 t ha1, respectively were applied before transplanting of nursery. The fertilizers NPK @ 81-76-76 kg ha-1 were also applied in all plots. Overall, there were significant (p≤0.05) impacts of treatments on agronomic and fruit quality traits. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of fruits and yield were increased by 37, 67, 62, 59 and 24% with FMVC (Farm Manure Vermi-Compost) treatment over control. There was 6% increase in soluble solids of tomato fruit in FMVC plots compared with control treatment. However, maximum titrable acidity (0.0081mg citric acid/100g) in fruit juice was found in MVC plots. TN (Total Nitrogen) concentration of tomato fruit juice was increased by 1.74% in with FMVC over control treatments. Maximum lycopene contents (22.19 mg kg-1) were observed in FMVC plots as compared to all other treatments. It could be concluded that all treatments improved growth, yield and quality of fruit compared with control; whereas FMVC treatment performed better.","PeriodicalId":265427,"journal":{"name":"April 2020","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128095313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

X-Sand Filter: An X-Tolerant Response Compaction Technique for Faster-Than-At-Speed Testing x砂过滤器:一种用于快于速度测试的x容限响应压实技术

April 2020 Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.22581/10.22581/muet1982.2002.11

Salman Ahmad, Kashif Iqbal

{"title":"X-Sand Filter: An X-Tolerant Response Compaction Technique for Faster-Than-At-Speed Testing","authors":"Salman Ahmad, Kashif Iqbal","doi":"10.22581/10.22581/muet1982.2002.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22581/10.22581/muet1982.2002.11","url":null,"abstract":"Faster-than-at-speed testing provides an effective way of detecting small delay defects but at the cost of increased number of unknown logic values on longer paths of the circuit under test. For efficient testing, these unknown logic values need to be filtered out of the circuit under test output. In past, different compaction hardware schemes were presented to minimize these unknown logic values, all these schemes were effective in handling a limited number of unknown values arising due to design imperfections, processing problems manufacturing problems material problems etc. but no effective compaction scheme is available to handle large number of these logic values arising due to faster-than-at-speed testing. This paper presents “X-sand filter”, a compaction technique, an extension of already presented idea of “X-tolerant signature analysis”. Here, the idea of “X-tolerant signature analysis” with modifications has been applied and has attained a considerable improvement in the X-tolerance. X-sand filter is a hierarchical structure that handles gradual X-density reduction in an efficient manner. Simulation results obtained show that we can achieve up to 90 % reduction in the X-density if we use X-sand filter. Extensions to the work of X-sand filter can be carried out in future to enhance its capabilities and make its configuration more flexible in terms of layer designing.","PeriodicalId":265427,"journal":{"name":"April 2020","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125433692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An everyday story of geological folk 一个地质学家的日常故事

April 2020 Pub Date : 2020-04-01 DOI: 10.1144/geosci2020-077

引用次数: 0

Power Flow Control by Unified Power Flow Controller 统一潮流控制器的潮流控制

April 2020 Pub Date : 2019-04-10 DOI: 10.48084/ETASR.2587

Muhammad Yousaf Ali Khan, U. Khalil, Hamayun Khan, A. Uddin, S. Ahmed

{"title":"Power Flow Control by Unified Power Flow Controller","authors":"Muhammad Yousaf Ali Khan, U. Khalil, Hamayun Khan, A. Uddin, S. Ahmed","doi":"10.48084/ETASR.2587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48084/ETASR.2587","url":null,"abstract":"The demand of energy usage is increasing rapidly and to meet the energy requirements, best possible transmission systems should be adopted to avoid energy losses in our transmission systems. In Pakistan’s WAPDA (Water & Power Development Authority) system, the rapid increase in load and less generation capacity has increased load shedding thought the country. The government has planned to increase the generation capacity but the supply companies are facing line load-ability, environmental constraints, power limitations problems etc. Most of the supply companies prefer to extend the existing electrical networks instead of building new network to reduce financial burdens. In this paper the implementation of the FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) Devices in an electrical network is described. The FACTS devices enhance power transfer capacity of the line without adding new transmission line. These devices also protect the system from overloading in case of any contingency in the electrical network. The control of power flow, reactive power compensation and voltage control are the main capabilities of FACTS devices. This paper describes the impacts of FACTS devices on improving the voltage stability and power handling capability of a transmission line. The proposed methods for the controllable flow of active and reactive power in a transmission line are also elaborated. A simple electrical system is examined to explain the improvement in the constraints of power system using FACTS devices.","PeriodicalId":265427,"journal":{"name":"April 2020","volume":"96 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132737009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7