The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Community Policing and COVID-19 Safety Precautions: An Explanatory Study of Agbopa in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria","authors":"H. Abdullahi","doi":"10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0290","url":null,"abstract":"Community policing means synergy between members of the public and police institutions to fight crimes. This could be deployed to address coronavirus pandemic that is currently threatening global peace and security. There are a number of safety precautions that are put in place to stem the spread of the deadly virus. One of the challenges of these measures is poor compliance. This leads to contact with the disease thereby putting pressure on scanty health facilities, crisis at the family level due to loss of breadwinners and loved ones. Hence, this paper assesses the role of community policing in enforcing COVID-19 safety precautions in a bid to mitigate the health emergency. The study adopts mixed research methods; data were sourced secondarily through the content analysis of peer-reviewed journals, edited text-books and online resources. The primary data were gotten by administering questionnaires on 364 respondents. Taro Yamane formula was used in arriving the sample size from the total population of 4,000 people. Frequency counts and correlation were used in primary data analysis. The two hypotheses tested led to rejection of null hypotheses and acceptance of alternative hypothesis. The test statistics are (P= 0.000, R= 0.144, 5%), (P=0.00. R= 0.098, 5%). Findings revealed that community policing approach significantly enhanced wearing of face masks, social distance in the schools, worship centres and during transportation. The study recommends effective collaborations among people at the grassroots to end COVID-19 pandemic. The paper will be useful to individuals, Community Development Associations, National Centre for Disease Control and other stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":265152,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134327133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Globalisation of Diseases: The Challenges of COVID-19 Pandemic and Public Health System in Nigeria","authors":"Ayesoro Sunday Adesina","doi":"10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0170","url":null,"abstract":"Globalisation is a process that integrates the world socio-economic system through trade liberalization, the free movement of people, technologies and information. It has equally made the spread of infectious diseases much easier globally. In essence, infectious diseases such as COVID-19, are easily transmitted across the countries of the world through the network created by globalisation poses serious challenges to the world health system, particularly developing countries like Nigeria. Public health system in Nigeria is overwhelmed by the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, which further exposes the country to the adverse effects of globalisation such as dependence and unequal relationship between her and the developed countries. Although the challenging situation provides Nigeria an opportunity to overhaul her public health system, the current poor global economy has further worsened the problems. This paper analyses the situation, and recommends that Nigerian government should look inward to develop her Public health system in a more sustainable way, also, the economy should be repositioned to reduce the level of dependence, and resources should be redirected to adequately fund education and research to support the health sector. The analysis is based on the premises of dependency perspective","PeriodicalId":265152,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122706644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Resource Outsourcing and Skill Variety of Outsourced and Core Staff: Evidence from the Nigerian Banking Industry","authors":"Chinegbomkpa Hope Nwakanma, I. Onyeonoru","doi":"10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0130","url":null,"abstract":"In Nigerian banking industry, Human Resource outsourcing has grown beyond the externalisation of auxiliary activities to include core activities. The consequences of this practice on employee skill variety are rarely discussed in the industry. This study therefore, investigated the skill variety of outsourced and core staff in Nigerian banking industry with evidence from Bank X, Southeastern region. Survey research design was adopted. Bank X was purposively selected due to its reputation for employing outsourced staff in its core banking operations while its branches in Abia, Imo and Enugu States were randomly selected. All 352 workers in the three States comprising 218 outsourced and 134 core staff were enumerated. Mixed methods were used to collect data while descriptive statistics and Chi square at p<0.05 alpha level of significance were used to analyse data. Outsourced staff had less variety in their tasks compared to the core staff. They had less opportunities to acquire additional skills and were required to utilise fewer skills in the course of their work, leading to low skill variety. Their employment status by implication deprived them of human capital investment either privately or corporately. Mode of employment was significantly associated with skill variety.","PeriodicalId":265152,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121855023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Male Perception on Sexual Consent and Coercion in Heterosexual Marriages: The Case of Benue State, Nigeria","authors":"P. Azende, Terhile Jude Ahoo","doi":"10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0180","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of sexual consent in marriage which is deeply problematic due to the persistence of socio-cultural constraints on women’s sexual agency and sexual decision-making has received less attention. Emerging evidence suggests that coerced, pressured and unwanted sexual activities are generally still common experiences of women. Research concerning male’s opinions on women’s consent to sex in marriage remains scarce. In this article, we explored men’s perceptions on sexual consent seeking and receiving within the context of marriage in order to expose the traditional gender imbalances, and interrogate the male-privileging ideals. Deploying a qualitative research approach, 8 Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with men aged 25-55years and in-depth interviews (IDI) with 12 key Informants were conducted to elicit data. Transcripts of each FGD and IDI were analyzed and major themes were developed. The study adopted the scripting and radical feminism as theoretical underpinnings. The findings revealed that the prevailing socio-cultural context in which men live has tremendous impact on their perceptions on women’s sexual rights and consent in marriage. Most men in the study understand sex in marriage as just one of the duties of a wife. Results also suggest that token resistance beliefs and alcohol consumption among men encourage forced sex. This study clearly shows that the issue of sexual coercion in marriage is fuelled by patriarchal control over women’s sexuality and requires serious attention in the study area. We therefore recommend cultural reorientation and enactment of laws to deal with the issue of non-consensual sex in marriage.","PeriodicalId":265152,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115850480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are we not Reinventing the Wheel?: Reviewing Literature in Social Science Scholarship and the Imperatives of Aligning with Global Best Practices","authors":"N. Nnonyelu, Paul C. Ikpe","doi":"10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0110","url":null,"abstract":"This exploratory study provides insights into the utility of telecommuting in times of adversity such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic is still active globally, and also locally, as Nigerian institutions were shut down since March 2020, avoiding physical, in person contacts within the campuses. Telecommuting, or Working From Home (WFH) is becoming the new normal in pedagogy, as academic staff in some universities continue to exercise their roles in terms of Teaching, Research and Community Service. Utilising the benefits of Contingency Theory, the paper analysed the nature of telecommuting in the context of the unexpected events, the changing dynamics of the workplace and the new future of work. The paper is largely qualitative, relying largely on secondary sources of data and some primary information for analysis. The difficulties and challenges faced by several Public and Private Universities in Nigeria, like inadequate classroom spaces, hostels, infrastructure can be overcome by the introduction of a hybrid form of learning that incorporates Telecommuting and Virtual Online Learning as part of the pedagogy in the academic activities of Universities.","PeriodicalId":265152,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126990622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Stress and its Associated Factors among In-school Adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"A. O. Adeleye, Y. John-Akinola","doi":"10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0140","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated psychological stress and its associated factors among in-school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study that employed a multi-stage sampling to select and assess 400 students from ten secondary schools in Ibadan on their socio-demographic profile, knowledge, prevalence, coping mechanisms and associated factors of psychological stress. Brief-COPE and General Health questionnaires were adopted to assess the prevalence and coping mechanisms of psychological stress among the respondents. Findings revealed that more than half of the respondents (55.8%) had poor knowledge of psychological stress and only a few (6%) had a high level of being psychologically stressed among the in-school adolescents. The most common coping mechanism observed among the respondents was avoidance coping mechanism, specifically “going to the movies” (49.1%); and the factors significantly associated with the prevalence of psychological stress were school, family, physical factors, peer-pressure as well as romantic factors. Binary logistic regression analysis results showed that “Not supported by parents financially (OR: 2.681, 95% CI 1.0-7.1) and finding it difficult to keep up with school work (OR: 0.202, 95% CI 0.04-0.8)” was positively associated with the prevalence of psychological stress among in-school adolescents. The poor knowledge and prevalence of psychological stress observed among the in-school adolescents suggest constant sensitisations among students, parents, teachers and school counsellors","PeriodicalId":265152,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130816261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic and Street Crimes in Nigeria: Hindrances to Sustainable Development","authors":"H. Abdullahi","doi":"10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0160","url":null,"abstract":"Every emergency has its security implications, corona virus 2019 is not an exception. This health emergency with its policy implications like lockdown of social and economic activities has implications for national security. One of the consequences of COVID-19 pandemic is street crime. The health emergency resulted in street crimes like theft, snatching of bags, phones, jewelleries and other valuables, robbery, burglary, street fighting and assaults and battery. These led to loss of lives and properties. Hence, this paper addresses the significant relationship between COVID-19 emergency and street crimes in Nigeria. The study applies qualitative and quantitative research methods. Data were sourced secondarily through the content analysis of edited textbooks, peer-reviewed journals and credible online resources. Findings showed that COVID-19 emergency and its policy measures like total lockdown of the economy and social activities, movement restriction and consequential loss of means of livelihood instigated street crimes. The paper recommends equitable distribution of palliatives, effective social safety net and adequate preparation for health emergency and increased human capacity building. This study will be useful to individuals, governments at all levels, National Centre for Disease Control, World Health Organization, non-governmental organizations and researchers in social and health sciences.","PeriodicalId":265152,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127333820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farmers-Herders Conflicts and Development in Nigeria","authors":"O. Akanle","doi":"10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0150","url":null,"abstract":"The conflict between farmers and herders have constituted serious concerns and impediments to development in Nigeria. Development entails food security, of which dairy needs are integral. The global campaign for good agricultural practices (GAP) essentially focuses on the preservation of humans, animals and the general ecosystem, as the world continues to confront the depletion of the ozone layers. In Nigeria, the development concerns of farmers-herders’ conflicts are not only pertinent but also daunting as the protracted conflicts increase the burden of food insecurity, human insecurity, ethic/tribal tensions and underdevelopment outcomes. While the challenges posed by the farmers-herders’ conflicts are serious, existentially threatening and hydra-headed, their impacts on development of the country are massive and require urgent attention research and policy terms. This is because development can only be sustainable in an atmosphere of peace and tranquillity. But in situations where conflicts and insecurity are near intractable, development may be mere desideratum. It is against this background that Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs was used to examine the context, burden and tractability of farmers-herders’ conflicts in Nigeria with a view to unpacking the interface of (in)security and development relative to food security in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":265152,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114676750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends and Determinants of Contraceptive Use among Women in Nigeria: Does Decision Making Involvement Within the Family Count?","authors":"C. K. Imo","doi":"10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0190","url":null,"abstract":"Contraceptive use has remained low among women despite family planning intervention programmes by government and non-governmental organisations in the period of public health preference, plausibly because of power dynamics within the family in Nigeria. This study examined the role of decision-making involvement in using contraceptive methods among childbearing women with data from three continuously Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 2008, 2013 and 2018. The study established that the lack of women’s decision-making autonomy on their healthcare issues, large household purchases and visits to family or relatives adversely affected their use of contraceptive methods. Besides, women having autonomy on how to spend their earnings were negatively associated with contraceptive use compared to those in the reference categories across the three survey years. There should be further integrated policy interventions and strategies aimed at community-based empowerment programmes of childbearing women towards achieving population equilibrium; and better maternal and child health outcomes in Nigeria","PeriodicalId":265152,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132562954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subnational Variation in Facility-based Childbirth in Nigeria: Evidence from 2013 and 2018 Nigeria Demographic Health Surveys","authors":"A. Ajayi","doi":"10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36108/njsa/1202.91.0120","url":null,"abstract":"Background Previous studies have not examined the state-level variations in health facility delivery in Nigeria. Because of the decentralised system, state governments have a huge role in decision-making and policy direction for each state. As such, it is important to disaggregate the data at state level to understand patterns and best performing states that can be exemplars for others. We address this gap by examining the sub-national variations in health facility delivery in Nigeria.\u0000\u0000Methods Data of 37,928 and 40,567 live births in the 2013 and 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health surveys (NDHS) respectively were analysed in this study. NDHS employs a multistage sampling and is representative of both the country and each of the 36 states and Federal Capital Territory (FCT). We used descriptive statistics to examine the trend in health facility delivery in Nigerian states and presented the results using maps. Also, we used logistic regression analysis to examine progress in expanding access to health facility delivery across Nigerian states.\u0000\u0000Results The proportion of births delivered in health facilities increased from 35.8% in 2013 to 39.4% in 2018, representing a 3.6% increment. After adjusting for relevant covariates, women were 17% more likely to deliver in health facilities in 2018 than in 2013 surveys. However, progress in expanding access to health facility delivery was uneven across the country. While the odds of delivering in a health facility significantly increased in 13 of the 36 states and FCT, the odds reduced significantly in seven states and no progress was recorded in 17 states.\u0000\u0000Conclusion There was a slight improvement in access to health facility delivery in Nigeria between 2013 and 2018. However, progress remains uneven across the states with only 13 states recording some progress. Four states stood out, recording over a three-fold relative increase in odds of health facility deliveries. These states implemented maternal health care policies that not only made services free but also improved infrastructure and human resources for health. Thus, providing examples of what works in improving access to maternal health care services for other states to follow.","PeriodicalId":265152,"journal":{"name":"The Nigerian Journal of Sociology and Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132328407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}