2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings最新文献

{"title":"ADS-B space-oriented message set design","authors":"P. Duan, J. Rankin","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935353","url":null,"abstract":"This paper designs, simulates, and tests a potential Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) space-oriented message set to improve situational awareness of commercial space vehicles inside the National Airspace System (NAS), and to minimize their impacts and potential hazards on the NAS. ADS-B is considered as the solution to integrate the future commercial space transportation system with the air transportation system. To accommodate future space flight operations in the NAS, a potential ADS-B space-oriented message set is proposed to be exclusively transmitted from space vehicles to other traffic and air traffic controllers. New data fields are defined in the message set to cover a space vehicle's entire flight profile. The formats of these new data fields are demonstrated in details. A simulation is created containing space vehicle and aircraft trajectories to test the functionality of the ADS-B space-oriented message set. The message set is encoded at the space vehicle site, transmitted from space vehicle to aircraft via the Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) datalink, and decoded at the aircraft site. The simulation eventually reaches a conflict scenario. By using the Closest Point of Approach (CPA) algorithm, the aircraft analyzes its own state vector and the space vehicle's state vector decoded from ADS-B messages to perform conflict detection. Sensitivity studies are conducted based on the CPA algorithm concentrating on three ADS-B system parameters, which are message update rate, data latency, and state vector accuracy.","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128210426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I-CNS panel Weston Washington Dulles Airport","authors":"Richard Prosek","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935424","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125158574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NextGen and SESAR moving towards ontology-based software development","authors":"E. Gringinger, D. Eier, D. Merkl","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935286","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) and EUROCONTROL's Single European Sky ATM Research Program (SESAR) are transforming the global Air Traffic Management (ATM) as we know it today and will break up with existing roles predicated by 50 year old technology [1, 2]. Similar to SESAR, NextGen right now runs the risk to specify ATM systems based on architectures already out-of-date. While current functionality is based on historical grown technical restrictions, a performance-based and most efficient approach requires new paradigms and eventually has to lead to a balanced approach to prevent over-optimizing one area at the expense of others [3]. The new approach should be based on semantically enriched service models allowing easier development and modular applications for multiple domains. This paper describes an ontology based multi-domain software development approach called Ontology-Based-Control-Room-Framework (ONTOCOR) featuring high software code re-usage and rapid development. It focuses on improving efficiency and increasing the code reusability in order to achieve SESAR's and NextGen's claim for a performance-based and cost-efficient system [2]. The main goal is using semantic technologies to enhance software development in ATM and further, to define tasks with enough similarity to allow applicability in different domains. ONTOCOR uses semantic standards and tools, and seamless information interchange. As described in the European Air Traffic Management Master Plan, “The Information Management Work Package (…) defines the ATM Information Reference Model and the Information Service model (…) by establishing a framework, which defines seamless information interchange between all providers and users of shared ATM information” [2]. A specific example to implement inter domain, is the European ATM Information Reference Model (AIRM). In general, domain independent implementation of components is a future goal and EUROCONTROL defines AIRM as a model, which contains all of the ATM information to be shared in a semantic way [4]. The paper will discuss a first case study for ontology-based modeling and development, a service for digital notices to airmen (NOTAM). Fast information distribution and retrieval are key elements together with service modeling and definitions according to Enterprise Architecture (EA) and SOA principles. Aeronautical Information Management (AIM) using ontologies, provides the benefit of fast ramp up of on-the-spot services, reduced development efforts and additional defined data as source for collaborative decision making within the System-Wide Information Management (SWIM) [5]. Such services deployed in NextGen and SESAR will optimize operations workflow, communication needs, and information sharing.","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130967742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating the impact of gate operation disruptions and mitigation strategies on gate delay","authors":"Jianfeng Wang, J. Shortle, L. Sherry","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935344","url":null,"abstract":"When an arriving flight cannot pull into its gate, this is called gate delay. This paper presents a simulation model to evaluate the impact of gate operation disruptions and gate-delay mitigation strategies. Operation disruptions investigated include arrival delays, longer gate blocking times, and unavailable gates. Mitigation strategies investigated include adding new gates, implementing common gates, using overnight off-gate parking and adopting self-docking gates. Simulation results show the following effects of disruptions: (i) The impact of arrival delay in a time window is bounded, (ii) The impact of longer gate-blocking times increases linearly in the size of the disruption, (iii) Reduced gate availability has a small impact when a small number of gates are affected, due to slack gate capacity, but when the slack gate capacity is used up, gate delay increases non-linearly. Simulation results show the following effects of mitigation strategies: (i) implementing common gates is an effective mitigation strategy, especially for airports that are not dominated by a single carrier, such as LGA. (ii) The overnight off-gate rule is effective in mitigating gate delay due to stranded overnight aircraft due to departure cancellations, especially at airports where gate usage is at peak at night, such as LGA and DFW. It can also be very effective to mitigate gate delay due to operation disruption in evenings. (iii) Self-docking gates are effective in mitigating gate delay due to reduced gate availability.","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134511581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive agents in NAS-wide simulations: A case-study of CTOP and SWIM","authors":"G. Calderon-Meza, L. Sherry","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935277","url":null,"abstract":"To support the development and evaluation of NextGen/SESAR concepts-of-operations and technologies, NAS-wide simulations and analysis methodologies are required to evaluate the feasibility and estimate the NAS-wide benefits. Of particular importance is the evaluation of unintended consequences that have historically been a roadblock to innovation in the NAS. This paper describes an analysis of adaptive airline behavior for flightplan route selection in the presence of Collaborative Trajectory Options Program (CTOP) and System Wide Information Management (SWIM). The results of analysis of simulation of 60,000 flight per day for 80 days shows that: (i) flightplan route selection reaches a system-wide equilibrium, (ii) the equilibrium state yields system-wide performance benefits, (iii) the equilibrium is achieved in 18 days, (iv) inaccurate and delayed information have no impact on system-wide performance but require additional days to achieve equilibrium, and (v) global (i.e. all airline) information does not improve individual airline route selection. The implications of these results on NextGen planning are discussed.","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132851451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VHF communication radio power spectra","authors":"D. Zeng","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935321","url":null,"abstract":"The power spectral analysis of very high frequency (VHF) communication radios is important to understanding how they affect each other and how they affect VHF surveillance radios. In this paper, we propose an analytical method for lower-bound radio frequency (RF) power spectrum estimation with the consideration of both power amplifier nonlinearity and broadband noise. We then demonstrate how to apply the proposed spectral estimation method to compute the lower-bound power spectra of VHF digital link mode 2 (VDL-2), plain old ACARS (POA) and double-sideband-amplitude-modulated (DSB-AM) voice signals. Finally we present the estimated lower-bound power spectra and shed light on where the discrete spectral line component comes from and how the nonlinearity of a power amplifier leads to the spectral regrowth.","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115806033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air ground collaboration through delegated separation: Results of simulations for arrivals to closely spaced parallel runways","authors":"D. Domino, D. Tuomey, A. Mundra, Arthur P. Smith, H. Stassen","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935347","url":null,"abstract":"Delegated separation is an air traffic management concept in which responsibility for separation from one or more aircraft is assigned to the flight crew by an air traffic controller, in specific tactical situations, to improve operational efficiency in the National Airspace System (NAS). One example of delegated separation that is used in today's Air Traffic Control (ATC) system is visual separation, during which which controllers request that pilots accept responsibility for separation by direct visual contact with another aircraft. Delegated separation procedures using emerging display technology which brings information on nearby traffic to the flight deck have been explored for more than three decades. With the advent of Automatic Dependent Surveillance — Broadcast (ADS-B) and Cockpit Displays of Traffic Information (CDTI) the possibility of using delegated separation procedures, even when other aircraft cannot be seen, is now a practical possibility. In this human-in-the-loop (HITL) simulation, 12 airline pilots flew a series of scenarios to assess the acceptability of delegated separation during closely spaced parallel approaches. The operations concept is that pilots use the information available on a CDTI in a manner that is directly analogous to the use of out-the-window visual contact when visual separation is being used. Range, closure rate and aircraft wake category were displayed, and a method for highlighting the traffic to follow (TTF) was available. Vertical situation information, including lead aircraft altitude history, was provided to support wake avoidance judgments. When pilots were cleared for the instrument approach with delegated separation responsibility, they were free to choose a spacing interval that they judged to be safe. Lead aircraft to follow were Large, Heavy and Boeing 757 aircraft, requiring pilots to consider the possibility of wake encounter in making a separation judgment. Ownship was assumed to be in the Large wake category. The simulated scenarios were instrument approaches to closely spaced parallel runways, performed in marginal visual meteorological conditions with a ceiling of approximately 1200 ft and a visibility of 5 miles. Confederate air traffic controllers provided real-time communications, traffic point out, and control instructions to the pilots. Lead aircraft trajectories were scripted, and their communications were assumed to be on another radio frequency. A confederate pilot performed pilot monitoring duties. The simulated weather conditions precluded actual visual contact with the lead aircraft until breaking out underneath the overcast layer at about 2.5 miles from the runway threshold. Pilots reported that the information available on the CDTI was sufficient to perform the separation task, workload for the arrival task was within acceptable limits, and that they would be willing to perform this task in actual operations with the CDTI as implemented in this study, with respect to Large ai","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122945899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy saving techniques for GPS based tracking applications","authors":"Bharath Patil, Radhika P. Patil, A. Pittet","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935335","url":null,"abstract":"Several GPS based positioning and tracking applications need to be very conservative in terms of energy consumption. Some of these applications can even compromise on real time performance and accuracy to lower energy consumption. In the process of acquiring a GPS location fix, the GPS ephemeris download takes a long time, especially in poor GPS signal conditions, hence forming a significant component of the energy consumption of GPS receiver systems. This is one of the major reasons for the GPS receivers to perform poorly under thick coverage like foliage and concrete. The ephemeris acquisition problems were prominently observed during the development of a low power elephant tracking collar using GPS and GSM. Currently, assisted GPS or AGPS is used to solve this problem where GSM connectivity is available. Here, ephemeris is fed via the GSM network. But existing AGPS systems do not work in remote areas where mobile networks do not provide coverage. Other augmentation systems like Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) focus primarily on improving the accuracy and reliability of the GPS fix but do not help in getting a faster GPS fix. In this paper various methods to reduce the Time-To-First-Fix (TTFF) by avoiding ephemeris download are proposed, thus reducing energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116620602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface conformance monitoring in the NextGen timeframe","authors":"P. Diffenderfer, C. Morgan","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935293","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal Aviation Administration's Surface Trajectory-based Operations (STBO) concept is part of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) vision for the mid- and far-term. The STBO concept describes a suite of decision support tools (DSTs) for use in the air traffic control tower to support safe and efficient surface operations. Research on the STBO DST capabilities is currently being conducted by The MITRE Corporation's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD). Human-in-the-loop simulations focusing on the STBO DSTs have taken place at CAASD's Aviation Integration Demonstration and Experimentation for Aeronautics (IDEA) Lab in McLean, Virginia under the sponsorship of the FAA's Aviation Research and Technology Development Office and in collaboration with Mosaic ATM, Inc. This paper describes the proposed set of automation capabilities to support ground controller (GC) and local controller (LC) activities in the NextGen mid-term (∼2018), including automated DSTs to generate taxi routes and monitor pilot conformance to the assigned taxi route. Automation to support surface conformance monitoring supports goals of 1) a safer airport surface through detecting surface movement non-conformance that contributes to runway incursions and 2) increased efficiency of operations by ensuring taxiing aircraft are in compliance with assigned taxi routes. In the surface conformance monitoring concept, tower controllers will be provided with automation assistance to monitor whether an aircraft is in compliance with its assigned taxi route and to selected control instructions, such as, for example, line up and wait or takeoff clearances. The aircraft's assigned taxi route from its present position to its surface destination is stored in the automation. The surface conformance monitoring automation will compare the current position of the aircraft with the assigned taxi route and detect, or in the far-term, predict, non-conformance. This paper describes automation for surface conformance monitoring and scenarios to illustrate future operations.","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126773373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tactical airport configuration management","authors":"Chris Provan, S. Atkins","doi":"10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNSURV.2011.5935346","url":null,"abstract":"NASA has been studying a System Oriented Runway Management concept that seeks to harmonize automation systems managing airborne and taxiing aircraft within a metroplex to achieve a more holistic traffic management solution. One element of the SORM initiative has been to develop a new automated decision support capability that can plan the airport configuration to optimize operational efficiency at an airport subject to traffic and weather uncertainty. While planning the runway configuration can provide benefit and is required by other automation concepts, larger benefits are possible by planning other airport configuration decisions, such as runway assignment policies, that are currently made manually by controllers. A laboratory prototype of the airport configuration planning algorithm, referred to as Tactical Runway Configuration Management (TRCM), has been implemented and studied within a simulation environment. This paper describes the TRCM algorithm as well as simulation results for three scenarios drawn from historical data at two airports under various weather and traffic conditions. The TRCM-recommended sequence of airport configurations are shown to result in significantly less delay than the airport configurations that were actually used by controllers, illustrating both the potential benefit from airport configuration optimization and the ability of the developed TRCM algorithm to provide effective airport configuration schedules. The application to several, distinct airports demonstrates the approach is capable of handling the differences between airports with a common algorithm, while providing decision support that respects the current procedures at those airports. Consequently, TRCM could be easily deployed to any airport within the National Airspace System. The algorithmic approach is also extensible to future operational scenarios, providing larger benefits in NextGen environments. NASA has begun the process of transferring the initial TRCM technology to the FAA.","PeriodicalId":263977,"journal":{"name":"2011 Integrated Communications, Navigation, and Surveillance Conference Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129222644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}