Bioethica Forum最新文献_第9页

Histocompatibility testing for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: At the fronteer between clinical services and genetic research 造血干细胞移植的组织相容性测试:处于临床服务和基因研究的前沿

Bioethica Forum Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24894/bf.2012.05031

J. Tiercy

引用次数: 0

Neuroprivacy, neurosecurity and brain-hacking: Emerging issues in neural engineering 神经隐私、神经安全和大脑黑客:神经工程中的新兴问题

Bioethica Forum Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24894/bf.2015.08015

M. Ienca

引用次数: 16

A special kind of realism 一种特殊的现实主义

Bioethica Forum Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24894/bf.2011.04012

S. Hurst

{"title":"A special kind of realism","authors":"S. Hurst","doi":"10.24894/bf.2011.04012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/bf.2011.04012","url":null,"abstract":"A 1952 issue of JAMA contains an article «prepared from the viewpoint of the general practitioner», in which the author Edward J. Stieglitz remarked that: «In diseases of senescence the physician deals with subtle, insidious changes, which demand the highest diagnostic acumen for their detection, identification, and evaluation, and the greatest therapeutic skill individually applied. Geriatric medicine is no area for those who are intellectually lazy.» [1] He added, again in a style that would not be out of place today, that «the burdens of chronic disease, both individually and collectively, are the source of greater tragedy than death from acute illness». Fast forward to the present and to recent papers on, for example, the need to reassess our hierarchy of cardiovascular risk factors in old age [2]: clearly, we are still speaking of adapting medical interventions to old age. We are also still concerned about how to define the proper aims of medicine in old age. Critiques of «agism», that we are doing too little, and proponents of «slow medicine», who are concerned that we are doing too much, both do seem to have a point. Shall it be, then, medicine tailored to old age? Perhaps we should even have medicine against old age itself. [3] In practice we may sometimes need medicine despite old age, at a time when resource constraints meet rising needs, and where voices raised against the risk of discrimination become more important. [4] We may also need somewhat-more-than-medicine in old age, integrating a more clearly relevant concern for the socio-economic determinants of health. [5] In this issue, Laura Di Pollina proposes that we should integrate loneliness «into the traditional medical model of disease» [6]; a proposal which is certainly close to the current needs of many patients. But there are certainly different ways of opening the scope of medicine in such ways, and some will be more justifiable than others. To examine Medicine in Old Age, as this issue of Bioethica Forum attempts to do, is to explore a field of constant concerns about doing too much, or too little, or in any case not right. In the care of patients, where «the greatest therapeutic skill individually applied» requires more of some things and less of others. In the full scope of medicine, we are constantly uncertain about the proper boundaries between medical and social interventions. In our stance towards old age, we are divided on whether to embrace or combat old age as one of the limits of our lives. It is crucial, however, to realise that the terrain on which these issues play out is one where the very notion of old age shifts. Stieglitz marks «the senescent period of life» as beginning at 40 (he himself died at 59) and his concern was associated with the rise of life expectancy to all of over 71 years for baby girls born in 1951. [1] So yes, this is a field where realism can translate into adaption, restraint, expansion, even utopia. It should, however, include something ","PeriodicalId":263926,"journal":{"name":"Bioethica Forum","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125612263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Taking RCR seriously in teaching scientific integrity 重视科学诚信教学中的RCR

Bioethica Forum Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24894/bf.2021.14010

B. Theunissen, M. van den Hoven

引用次数: 1

Fair funding of extraordinarily expensive medication 公平资助极其昂贵的药物

Bioethica Forum Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24894/bf.2011.04030

L. Fleck

引用次数: 1

Rezensionen / Recensions / Book reviews

Bioethica Forum Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24894/bf.2011.04023

引用次数: 0

Three “H”s for health – The darker side of big data 健康的三个H——大数据的阴暗面

Bioethica Forum Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24894/bf.2015.08012

B. Prainsack

{"title":"Three “H”s for health – The darker side of big data","authors":"B. Prainsack","doi":"10.24894/bf.2015.08012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/bf.2015.08012","url":null,"abstract":"Last September, Mary Bolender, a single mother from Las Vegas, made headlines in the New York Times [2]. Ms Bolender was not running for political office, nor had she committed a crime, nor became a victim of one. Her story made it into the news because it highlights a new type of challenge that our societies are dealing with. What had happened? One morning, Ms Bolender’s 10-year-old daughter had developed a high fever; Ms Bolender wanted to rush her to the nearest hospital, but her car did not start. Ms Bolen der’s bank had remotely deactivated the ignition, because she was behind with her mortgage payments. If she paid the sum that she owed, Ms Bolender was told, the device would be deactivated and the car would start again; but unfortunately she did not have the money. The story leaves many of us with a bad taste in our mouth. The reason for this is not only the disturbing consequences that the bank’s action had in this particular instance, but it relates more generally to some of the core features of contemporary surveillance. These features can be summarized in what I call the three “H”s of surveillance: The first “H” stands for Hypercollection. Even if we agree that remotely stopping a customer’s car is an acceptable practice for banks, it would not be necessary to collect all geolocation data of the customer’s car via its GPS system; it would be sufficient to know whether the car is in motion to avoid stopping somebody’s car while they are driving.1 Hypercollection means that just because institutions can collect information about customers or citizens, they do. Function creep – that is, the use of collected information for purposes other than the ones for which it was collected in the first place – is often the result. The second “H” stands for Harm. The data collected about Ms Bolender – not only the geolocation data but also information on her economic situation etc. – are not used to support her, a single, unemployed woman and her children who are struggling. On the contrary, the information is used against her, namely to deactivate her car – one that she clearly needs, otherwise she would not have agreed to lend money to buy one under such offensive terms. The third “H” indeed stands for Humiliation. The information collected about Ms Bolender used to bully her into paying her mortgage on time was collected with her full consent. She was told that in order to be able to borrow the money, she","PeriodicalId":263926,"journal":{"name":"Bioethica Forum","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127811979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Capacity building in health research ethics in Central Africa: key players, current situation and recommendations 中非卫生研究伦理能力建设:主要参与者、现状和建议

Bioethica Forum Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24894/bf.2013.06002

O. Ouwe-Missi-Oukem-Boyer, N. S. Munung, F. Ntoumi, Aceme Nyika, G. Tangwa

引用次数: 7

Exploring the dilemma of hospital refusal to perform controlled organ donation after circulatory death (DCD) 循环性死亡后医院拒绝实施受控器官捐献的困境探讨

Bioethica Forum Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24894/bf.2016.09007

K. Bramstedt

{"title":"Exploring the dilemma of hospital refusal to perform controlled organ donation after circulatory death (DCD)","authors":"K. Bramstedt","doi":"10.24894/bf.2016.09007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/bf.2016.09007","url":null,"abstract":"World-wide, the need for donor organs far outweighs the supply. In the United States (US) there were over 120 000 patients awaiting transplant as of November 10, 2015 [1]. Various strategies are used to help encourage donations such as community education and Internet registries, while transplant technology has also evolved to include living donation, split liver transplants [2], re-use of donor organs [3], and ex-vivo perfusion to optimize graft performance [4, 5]. The premise of deceased organ donation is that the organ donor must be declared dead prior to graft procurement. Declaration of death is required for procurements involving brain death (BD) as well as circulatory death. BD is the “irreversible and permanent cessation of all brain function” [6]. Grafts procured in the setting of controlled circulatory death involve firstly, the determination that further treatment of the patient is futile, and secondly, the decision to withdraw artificial life support (e.g., dialysis, feeding tube, ventilator). After the decision to withdraw life support has been made, the possibility of organ donation can be considered, but organ procurement can only occur after the patient has died. Donation under these circumstances is considered controlled donation after circulatory death (DCD) [6]. In the US, DCD is a legal procedure; however, a large healthcare system (Dignity Health) refuses to allow this type of organ donation at their hospitals [7]. This paper explores their objection and the resulting dilemma for families who wish to pursue DCD. Conscientious objection","PeriodicalId":263926,"journal":{"name":"Bioethica Forum","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121545198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

L’arrêt de l’alimentation et de l’hydratation dans les états de conscience altérée: Différence et répétition 意识受损状态下停止进食和水合作用:差异和重复

Bioethica Forum Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.24894/bf.2015.08018

J. Delage, M. Maglio, S. Pierre

引用次数: 0