International Conference on Environmental Science and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Development of Tier 2 Estimation Method for Carbon Absorption of\u0000Biomass in Grassland to Respond Climate Change Adaptation","authors":"Sle-gee Lee, Jeong Gwan Lee, Duhwa Lee, Hyun-Jun Kim","doi":"10.11159/icesa21.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icesa21.127","url":null,"abstract":"Extended Abstract Grassland has been underestimated in carbon absorption capacity by assuming that carbon stock change of biomass is zero in Tier 1 method of the IPCC guidelines. A simplified estimation method would be appropriate in Tier 1 because of the applicable data and different circumstances by country, but the Tier 2 method requires a scientific approach that could reflect the grassland ecosystem. This study aims to select variables applicable to the Tier 2 method for grassland biomass, and to develop a formula quantifying carbon absorption. The national inventory report of 17 countries were analyzed to review the calculation method for biomass in grassland. The formula of carbon absorption is developed based on the land cover within grassland. As a result of reviewing the calculation method, four countries adopt Tier 2 and thirteen countries either do not account for biomass or are only considering soil carbon according to Tier 1 criteria. An equation of carbon absorption for grassland biomass was developed consisting of grazing land, forage cropland, unproductive grassland, vegetation, and loss for wildfires integrating the calculation methods of each country. The unproductive grassland and vegetation are classified as forest or cropland depending on the identification of grassland, but they are involved as grassland in the spatial data-based method. The biomass of grazing and forage cropland is composed of the above-ground, below-ground part, consumption by livestock, and forage crop yield, the entire carbon absorption is expressed as the sum of them. However, carbon accumulation of grassland biomass is underestimated as current greenhouse gas calculation does not include annual carbon absorption from atmosphere and additional carbon stock by livestock activities. Even in countries that have adopted the Tier 2 method, the carbon fixation capacity of grassland could not accurately calculate because the same contents as Tier 1 countries are applied. In order to perform Tier 2 level calculation beyond Tier 1 method using statistical data, carbon absorption of grassland biomass should be considered, it allows that calculation of greenhouse gas in each country’s grassland sector can be performed scientifically.","PeriodicalId":263770,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Environmental Science and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131228045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the Novel Feammox Bacterium, Acidimicrobium sp. Strain A6, for PFAS Defluorination: The Path from Discovery to Applications","authors":"P. Jaffé","doi":"10.11159/icesa21.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icesa21.003","url":null,"abstract":"PFAS, per and polyfluorinated alkyl substances, are a large group of chemical compounds that are found in a wide range of consumer products, they are ubiquitous in the environment and extremely stable. Among the most common PFAS are perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), which have been associated with various health effects, including cancer. Hence, in 2016 EPA has established Drinking Water Health Advisories for PFOA and PFOS. The strong carbon-fluorine bond gives these molecules their desirable properties, making them extremely stable even at very high temperatures, so that they have been dubbed “forever chemicals.” We have recently discovered a novel bacterium Acidimicrobiaceae sp. A6 (referred to as A6), that can oxidize of ammonium to nitrite under iron-reducing conditions, a process referred to as Feammox. The genome of A6 has been sequenced and contains genes for reductive dehalogenases (RDases). RDases are a group of enzymes that facilitate organohalide respiration by some bacteria, and PFAS are organohalides. Upon further investigation we have shown that A6 is capable of degrading PFOA and PFOS, that a novel reductive dehalogenase gene is expressed during this process, and that in the presence of PFAS electrons from the ammonium are transferred to both, iron and PFAS. While some organisms have been known that are able to defluorinated polyfluorinated (partially fluorinated) compounds, A6 is the first bacterium that has been shown to defluorinate perfluorinated (fully fluorinated) compounds such as PFOA and PFOS. This talk will highlight how this novel bacterium was discovered, how incubations were conducted to show that PFAS are defluorinated by A6, how this defluorination is linked to specific gene expression, as well as emerging applications of these findings to treat PFAS contaminated waters, and biosolids.","PeriodicalId":263770,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Environmental Science and Applications","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124751755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dangerous and Adverse Weather Events in Kvemo Kartli (Georgia)","authors":"M. Elizbarashvili, Bela Kvirkvelia, E. Elizbarashvili, Sh. E. Elizbarashvili, T. Khuntselia","doi":"10.11159/icesa21.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11159/icesa21.120","url":null,"abstract":"Mariam Elizbarashvili, Bela Kvirkvelia, Elizbar Elizbarashvili, Shalva Elizbarashvili, Tamar Khuntselia Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University Ilia Tchavtchavadze Avenue 1, Academic Building I, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia mariam.elizbarashvili@tsu.ge; bela.kvirkvelia@tsu.ge; eelizbar@hotmail.com; shalvaeliz1@gmail.com; takokhuntselia@gmail.com Institute of Hydrometeorology of Georgian Technical University D.Agmashenebeli Avenue 150a, 0112 Tbilisi, Georgia","PeriodicalId":263770,"journal":{"name":"International Conference on Environmental Science and Applications","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125763383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}