TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum最新文献

{"title":"Pertanggungjawaban Terhadap Pelanggaran Penggunaan Bom Cluster Menurut Hukum Humaniter Internasional","authors":"R. Hidayat, Arman Anwar, R. Waas","doi":"10.47268/tatohi.v3i10.1960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v3i10.1960","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cluster bombs have quite a dangerous effect on civilians and can take lives because when these bombs are launched into the target area they usually do not explode simultaneously, even the explosions can occur at a later date or even when the war is over.Purposes of the Research: This writing aims to examine and find out the forms of violations of the law on the use of cluster bombs in war according to humanitarian law, to study and find out about the accountability for the use of cluster bombs assigned to perpetrators and as one of the requirements for completing studies at the Faculty of Law, Pattimura University.Methods of the Research: The Juridical-Normative research method with the type of doctrinal research is also known as library research or document study because this research is carried out or shown only on written regulations or other legal materials.Results of the Research: The results of the study show that the prohibition of the use of cluster bombs according to International Humanitarian Law has been regulated in the 2008 Convention On Cluster Munitions (CCM), namely each country promises to clean up and destroy, or ensure the cleaning and destruction of, the remains of cluster ammunition located in cluster munitions. Contamination under its jurisdiction or control. And the form of responsibility for the perpetrators is the responsibility of the state, namely the state that violates international agreements. As well as sanctions that can be given for the use of cluster bombs that are given by the United Nations in the form of reducing the degree of diplomatic relations or attacks using armed power by the UN security council, sanctions can also be given based on humanitarian law in particular Additional Protocol I of 1977 and International Humanitarian Law customs in relation to state responsibility in international law, which can be in the form of compensation, in the form of satisfaction given through acknowledgment of actions, expressions of remorse and official apologies by the state relating to the International Criminal Court.","PeriodicalId":263558,"journal":{"name":"TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analisis Hukum Internasional Tentang State Sponsored Terrorism","authors":"Frandy Army Corputty, Josina Augustina Yvonne Wattimena, Johanis Steny Franco Peilouw","doi":"10.47268/tatohi.v3i10.1957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v3i10.1957","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: State is one of the subjects of international law that has the responsibility to protect the human rights of every individual within its sovereign territory. However, the facts show that there are countries that become sponsors or in other words the state provides support either directly or indirectly to terrorist groups to carry out their actions. This term is known as state sponsored terrorism which requires global attention considering that terrorism cases that occur often have links to the state.Purposes of the Research:  1. Review and discuss the regulation of State Sponsored Terrorism in International Law. 2. Review and discuss the implications for the enforcement of International Law.Methods of the Research: This study uses a normative juridical method with an analytical perspective using primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. This research technique is a literature study based on international legal regulations, scientific works and other literature related to state sponsored terrorism.Results of the Research: International law arrangements related to state sponsored terrorism still require special attention due to the large number of cases and indications of states being involved. Given that state sponsored terrorism is the root of various terrorism cases around the world. This shows that the international legal instruments that existed before the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing Terrorism and United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime were considered unable to prevent and prohibit countries from sponsoring terrorists caused by the absence of the universal definition of terrorism. It is proven by international violations committed by sponsoring countries in order to fulfill their country's interests. State sponsored terrorism can also be considered as a problem for the protection of human rights. This can be seen when a sponsored terror act results in a violation of the right to life and the right to feel safe of every individual who is within the sovereign territory of the target country. The implication of state sponsored terrorism then causes overlapping jurisdictions between the International Court of Justice and the Security Council in enforcing international law so that the settlement of cases is still unclear.","PeriodicalId":263558,"journal":{"name":"TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pertimbangan Hukum Hakim Dalam Penjatuhan Pidana Perkara Pencurian Pemberatan (Vide Pasal 363 Ayat 1 Kuhpidana)","authors":"Aditya Putra Mentari Malaihollo, John Dirk Pasalbessy, Margie Gladies Sopacua","doi":"10.47268/tatohi.v3i10.1961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v3i10.1961","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There are several types of theft crimes ranging from ordinary theft crimes (Article 362 of the Criminal Code), light theft crimes (Article 364 of the Criminal Code), crimes of aggravated or qualified theft (Article 363 of the Criminal Code), crimes of violent theft (Article 365 of the Criminal Code), crimes of theft in within the family (Article 367 of the Criminal Code) with a maximum sentence of 7 years in prison.Purposes of the Research:Analyzing and reviewing the application of Article 363 Paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code in resolving cases of theft and Analyzing Article 363 Paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code can be used as a basis for consideration in cases of theft with violence, as one of the requirements in completing studies at the Faculty of Law.Results of the Research:In the application of article 363 in the case of theft, the elements of article 363 can be applied, namely: Whoever, Takes something, With the intention of being owned, is against the law and is carried out at night in a house or a closed yard with a house. When all the elements in article 363 are met, the perpetrator's actions are determined as theft with weights but in the decision N0 18/Pid.B/20202/PN Msh this is not the case because the judge's decision is still too light even though the defendant's actions meet the weighting elements. Article 363 can be used as a basis for judges' considerations because the elements in Article 363 can be used by judges as a basis for consideration before the judge decides on a theft case, but in decision N0 18/Pid.B/20202/PN, the judge does not see the elements that have been fulfilled. by the defendant's actions so that the judge handed down a decision that was not in accordance with the provisions of Article 363 of the Criminal Code.","PeriodicalId":263558,"journal":{"name":"TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum","volume":" 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yurisdiksi Negara Pantai Terhadap Kapal Asing Yang Memuat Limbah Bahan Berbahaya Dan Beracun (B3) Ditinjau Dari Hukum Laut Internasional","authors":"Muhamad Renaldy Djunaidi, Popi Tuhulele, Dyah Ridhul Airin Daties","doi":"10.47268/tatohi.v3i10.1959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v3i10.1959","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The jurisdiction of the coastal state is an authority of the state to carry out laws and regulations in its territorial area to regulate people, property, and events that occur in the land area, sea waters, and air space above it.Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative juridical. by using a problem approach such as a statutory approach, a conceptual approach and a case approach. While the sources of legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary sources of legal materials. The collection of legal materials is carried out by means of a literature study, then analyzed qualitatively. Results of the Research: The results show that the entry of foreign ships transporting waste in the jurisdiction of the coastal state is not prohibited as long as it is subject to the provisions for the transportation of hazardous and toxic waste that is passing through the territory of the coastal state, namely for foreign ships carrying nuclear or other goods which because of their nature dangerous or toxic, if you want to make a voyage in the territorial waters of an International country, you must carry documents and comply with special precautions established by International treaties for ships (Article 23 of the 1982 International Law Of The Sea Convention). The implementation of Indonesian Jurisdiction for foreign ships transporting waste has been regulated in Law Number 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping and Government Regulation Number 101 of 2014 concerning Management of Hazardous and Toxic Waste, which explains all matters relating to traffic through waters, transportation of dangerous goods and special goods by sea, determination of hazardous and toxic waste, management of hazardous and toxic waste, navigation in sea transportation including aspects of shipping safety and security.","PeriodicalId":263558,"journal":{"name":"TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139137433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penerapan Ajaran Pembelaan Terpaksa Dalam Perkara Putusan Nomor 372/ Pid.B / 2020 /PN Pdg","authors":"Femmy Almendo Somarwane, D. Hehanussa, Reimon Supusepa","doi":"10.47268/tatohi.v3i10.1962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v3i10.1962","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The forced defense is a reason for eliminating the nature of breaking the law (wederrechtelijkheid or onrechtmatigheid), so the reason for eliminating the nature of a criminal act (strafuitsluitings-grond) is also said to be the reason for justifying or justifying actions that are generally criminal acts (rechtvaardigings-grond) called fait justi ficatief.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to analyze and explain the qualifications of forced defense in a criminal case, examine and explain the basic legal considerations in Decision Number 372/Pid.B/2020/PNPdg. The type of research used is normative juridical with qualitative analysis methods. The problem approach used is the conceptual approach, statutory approach and case approach. Sources of legal materials consist of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials.Results of the Research: The results of the study show that in principle the Criminal Code indirectly provides an overview of forced defense that what is meant by forced defense is a defense of rights against injustice where a person is forced to commit a crime, can be forgiven because there was a violation of law that preceded the act. In making his decision, the judge has considerations consisting of juridical considerations and sociological considerations. Juridical considerations are judges' considerations that are based on juridical facts revealed in court and in the law that have been stipulated as matters that must be included in the decision. Sociological considerations are a judge's considerations that use approaches to background, socio-economic conditions and values that exist in society in making a decision.","PeriodicalId":263558,"journal":{"name":"TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum","volume":" 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pengaturan Tentang Penerbangan Komersial Dan Tanggung Jawab Negara","authors":"Hardianti Hardianti, I. H. Hanafi, Welly Angela Riry","doi":"10.47268/tatohi.v3i10.1958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v3i10.1958","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In transportation activities, the risk of an accident is an unavoidable thing so that unification of arrangements regarding this matter is an absolute thing to do.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to find out and examine how the regulation regarding the flight of commercial aircraft in the air space of a country is reviewed from international law and how the form of state responsibility when a commercial aircraft is shot down is reviewed from international law Methods of the Research: This writing uses a normative type of legal research, which is carried out by studying theories, concepts, legal principles, and laws and regulations. In this study, the author used 2 approaches, namely the statutory approach, and the case approach.Results of the Research: The results showed that the International air law Regulation related to the parties' obligation to regulate the safety of commercial flights crossing its airspace must be in accordance with the Chicago Convention of 1944. These arrangements are made so that flights that cross the airspace of other countries can be kept safe and secure. Iran's shooting down of Ukrainian plane PS752 has violated provisions in the 1944 Chicago Convention on its airspace in an armed dispute. Therefore, Iran must take responsibility for this incident. In the future, firmness and increased cooperation with various parties are needed so that safety and security in international flights and national flights can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":263558,"journal":{"name":"TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum","volume":" 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tanggung Jawab Negara Indonesia Terhadap Imigran Ilegal Kajian Hukum Keimigrasian","authors":"Christiano K Unmehopa, V. J. B. Rehatta, Wilshen Leatemia","doi":"10.47268/tatohi.v3i10.1956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v3i10.1956","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: As a country with a strategic geographical position, Indonesia is often used as a stopover for immigrants.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this paper is to study aims to find out and analyze the Immigration Law Regulating Illegal Immigrants and State Responsibilities to Illegal Immigrants Study of Immigration LawMethods of the Research: This type of research is normative juridical where the research is carried out by collecting primary, secondary and tertiary data obtained using library research. The data that has been collected is analyzed qualitatively, the description of which is arranged systematically based on legal disciplines to achieve clarity on the issues to be discussed.Results of the Research: The results of this study indicate that illegal/illegal immigrants in Indonesian immigration law have the same position as foreigners who enter and/or are in Indonesian territory. Illegal immigration itself is the movement of one person across the borders of a country where the movement has violated the immigration laws of the destination country. The responsibility of the State in handling illegal Immigrants is carried out by the Directorate of Immigration Investigation and Enforcement. For each province in Indonesia as an extension of the ministry of law and human rights there are regional offices of the Ministry of Law and Human Rights with an implementing unit in the field of immigration called the Immigration Division. Handling illegal immigrants, the sub-unit authorized to handle this is the Intelligence and Immigration Enforcement Division. The second is the Immigration Office where this agency is the first agency in handling illegal immigrants in the field. The third institution is the Immigration Detention Center as a place of quarantine or temporary detention of illegal immigrants","PeriodicalId":263558,"journal":{"name":"TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum","volume":" 53","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139138346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penegakan Hukum Bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Anak (Studi Kasus Putusan Nomor 482/Pid.Sus/2021/PN)","authors":"Reynalda Fransin Patty, H. Z. Wadjo, Jetty Martje Patty","doi":"10.47268/tatohi.v3i10.1963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v3i10.1963","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: sexual deviation where this leads to an unbalanced activity that poses a threat to certain individuals. Various kinds of sexual choices are being discussed in cases of violence, especially against children. Causing a deterrent effect is felt to be less able to have such a significant impact because the perpetrator of the psychological deviation is not only one child. The decision given by the court is very necessary to provide a deterrent effect to perpetrators of sexual violence against children, so that the incidence of sexual violence in Indonesia is decreasing.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of law enforcement in Indonesia against perpetrators of sexual violence against children, and to provide an overview of the role of law enforcement officers in taking action against perpetrators of sexual violence against children. Methods of the Research: The research method used in this paper consists of various methods and activities carried out in order to collect the data and materials needed to complete the preparation of the. The author uses a normative juridical research method.Result of the Research: The results of this study are that the District Court's decision only considers the elements that are fulfilled and the ability to equip criminal acts that elevate while in the High Court's decision it considers the consequences obtained by the victim's child and the victim's family where the victim's child and family enjoy shame, costs to care for, enlarge and educate the child to be born by the victim's child, besides the decision given by the high court 2 (two) years higher than the decision of the District Court aims to provide a deterrent effect and awareness of the actions committed by those who have destroyed the future victim's child.","PeriodicalId":263558,"journal":{"name":"TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia Terhadap Anak-Anak Dan Pertanggungjawabannya Menurut Hukum Internasional","authors":"Urlialy Elco, J. Wattimena, Popi Tuhulele","doi":"10.47268/tatohi.v3i9.1950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v3i9.1950","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: A total of 169 of the total 181 ILO member states have ratified Convention No. 182 since its adoption in 1999. This means that these countries have committed to take immediate and effective action to prohibit and eliminate all forms of worst child labour. One of the ILO member countries that are committed is the Philippines.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to analyze and find out that human rights violations against children in the Philippines can be classified as crimes against humanity, to analyze and determine the responsibility of the perpetrators according to international law and, as one of the requirements in completing studies at the law faculty.Methods of the Research: The method used is a normative juridical research method with an analytical descriptive type, a process to find rules, principles, and legal doctrines in order to answer the legal information at hand.Results of the Research: The results showed that Human Rights Violations in the Philippines can be classified as human crimes because the types of crimes that can be classified as crimes against humanity, are: murder, extermination, slavery, deportation, exploitation and other inhumane acts committed against the civilian population, or persecution. on political, racial or religious grounds in the commission of or in connection with crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court. Because exploitation is a type of crime that can be qualified as a crime against humanity, the Human Rights Violations in the Philippines can be classified as human crimes. Perpetrators of sexual exploitation of children in the Philippines can be held accountable under international law because in international law perpetrators of sexual exploitation of children have violated human rights, especially regarding the Convention on the Rights of the Child. In addition, the Philippines has established special rules regarding human trafficking as stipulated in the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 9208 or known as the Anti-Trafficking Law in 2003.","PeriodicalId":263558,"journal":{"name":"TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum","volume":"107 S5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139154844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spionase Pejabat Diplomatik Rusia Terhadap Negara Denmark Dalam Hukum Diplomatik","authors":"Balgis Sya’ban, Lucia Charlota Octovina Tahamata, Irma Halimah Hanafi","doi":"10.47268/tatohi.v3i9.1948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47268/tatohi.v3i9.1948","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Espionage is intelligence activity in a country or company seeking confidential information. Espionage activities focus on gathering non-public information through covert means. Espionage by Russian diplomatic officials against Denmark led to the expulsion of Russian diplomatic officials due to unacceptable espionage in Denmark. The purpose of this study is to examine and discuss whether Russian espionage can be categorized as espionage and how responsibility for espionage is carried out by Denmark.Purposes of the Research: To study and discuss whether Russian spying experiments can be categorized as espionage and how is the responsibility for espionage carried out by Russia against Denmark.Methods of the Research: The research method used is normative juridical, namely research on rules, norms, and legal principles based on statutory regulations. The problem approach used is the normative legal approach, namely the conceptual approach, the case approach and the statutory approach. The sources of legal materials used are primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Legal material collection techniques through library research. Then analyzed qualitatively.Results of the Research: The results of the study conclude that spying by Russian diplomatic officials against Denmark can be categorized as espionage because it is contained in the 1961 Vienna convention. eye is considered espionage. The form of accountability for the Danish state due to actions committed by the Russian state is by expelling or persona nongrata against diplomatic officials who carry out espionage.","PeriodicalId":263558,"journal":{"name":"TATOHI: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139156700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}