American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science最新文献

{"title":"Prepared for Anything: The Importance of a Safe and Available Blood Supply during Disasters and other Critical Events","authors":"L. Gillard","doi":"10.29074/ASCLS.30.4.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29074/ASCLS.30.4.247","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION Considering the growing scope of disasters in the United States over the past year, hospital based blood banks and transfusion services are required to have an effective emergency management plan. Disaster Preparedness in the Blood Bank will describe how to address this important public health issue. When there are victims of disasters that require transfusion, a current review of the literature for best practices for responding to hemorrhage will be presented in Managing Massive Transfusions in Diverse Patient Populations in a Non-Metropolitan Area. Bleeding patients often require platelets. In Pathogen reduction in platelets: a review of the proposed draft guidance, the author will discuss the recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance for the use of pathogen reduction technology to improve the safety of platelet transfusions. Disaster Preparedness in the Blood Bank Over the past year, many Americans witnessed firsthand the importance of having a safe, available blood supply following a disaster. During the first nine months of 2017, the United States experienced 15 disasters that claimed 323 lives; these disasters were the result of weather and climate.1 Floods, freezing temperatures, severe storms, tropical cyclones, and wildfires can all impact blood availability. In the event of a natural disaster, issues may arise in which blood donors do not donate, donor centers may become damaged, or donor centers may not have staffing to perform the processing and testing of blood; all of which, result in a disruption of the local blood supply. Hurricanes can disrupt the blood supply for days. ABBREVIATIONS: FDA - Food and Drug Administration, CBER - The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, CDC - The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, TJC - The Joint Commission, CLSI - the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, CAP - the College of American Pathologists, TACO - transfusion associated circulatory overload, MTP - massive transfusion protocols, PPH - postpartum hemorrhage, PRT - pathogen reduction technology, PGD - Pan Genera Detection","PeriodicalId":263458,"journal":{"name":"American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128489086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disaster Preparedness in the Blood Bank","authors":"Alyse N. Gschwender, L. Gillard","doi":"10.29074/ascls.30.4.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29074/ascls.30.4.250","url":null,"abstract":"When a natural or manmade disaster occurs, the first place the wounded are relocated to is the hospital. Disasters generate many types of injuries that may require the use of blood products. Blood Banks need to be prepared for a rapid influx of patients. Because of recent world events, the blood community has established guidelines to assist Blood Banks with creating successful Emergency Operations Procedures. Blood Banks can use these guidelines to create mock scenarios and tabletop exercises to estimate how the blood supply will be affected in the wake of disasters such as pandemics and blood shortages. Retrospective review of past disaster experiences such as earthquakes, airline crashes, and bombings can be used to evaluate what went well and what improvements to the process need to be made. Developing a disaster plan is a multistep process that includes determining the need for blood products, routes of communication, how to mobilize hospital staff, and how to procure more blood products. Once a plan is created, it should be practiced and improved upon, so flaws in the plan can be corrected and the best possible care for patients can be provided. ABBREVIATIONS: CLSI - Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, AABB - organization formerly known as the American Association of Blood Banks, ED - emergency department, EMS - emergency medical service, EOP - emergency operations plan, MRCC - Medical Resource Control Center, MCI - Mass Casualty Incident, TASMC - Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, MAC - Medical Alert Center","PeriodicalId":263458,"journal":{"name":"American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131136387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Benefits of an Updated Blood Ordering Process","authors":"Alana E. Sutherland","doi":"10.29074/ascls.30.4.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29074/ascls.30.4.219","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence-based medicine optimizes patient care to provide appropriate patient oversite. By providing the patient with treatment that has benefits, blood management programs have decreased blood component utilization1,2 and stimulated treatment plans that span the continuum of care, from prior to hospital admission through patient discharge.2 Evidence-based medicine is not a new concept nor is the concept of providing the patient with tailored care. In the 1970's, the concept of matching cross-matched red cell inventory to the needs of the patient stimulated studies that led to the maximum surgical blood-ordering schedule.3,4 Also, by pairing cross-match inventory to the patient's transfusion requirements, a blood bank tool was created to assist in patient-care, controlling red cell unit inventory, and reducing cost.3 Patient-care changes have further evolved since the 1970's. Medical innovations today have minimized surgical blood loss through the use of laparoscopy, hemostatic agents, and improved surgical techniques. The blood bank has also evolved techniques to decrease the time it takes to provide blood to the patient. With the advancement in transfusion service testing and computer technology, blood ordering schedules can be customized to the institution, to the surgical procedure, and to the individual patient. An updated maximum surgical blood ordering schedule can further assist in optimizing compatibility testing orders, minimize component waste, and associated cost based on current evidence-based, best practice patient-care. This article will discuss the benefits of an updated blood-ordering schedule. ABBREVIATIONS: MSBOS - Maximum surgical blood ordering schedule, NBCUS - National Blood Collection and Utilization Survey, C:T - Crossmatch to Transfusion ratio, THR - total hip replacement; TKR - total knee revision, EBL - estimated blood loss, PSBOS - Patient –specific blood ordering system, SBOE - surgical blood order equation","PeriodicalId":263458,"journal":{"name":"American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129489691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rationale for a Methodical Approach to Interpreting the Complete Blood Count and Its Development","authors":"K. Doig","doi":"10.29074/ASCLS.30.3.171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29074/ASCLS.30.3.171","url":null,"abstract":"Using a consistent and methodical approach to interpreting results of a complete blood count can help ensure that reported results are accurate and no diagnostically significant results are overlooked. The approach presented in the Focus articles to follow was developed through observation of professionals and refined after use with hundreds of students. The approach is different than diagnostic algorithms used by care providers in that the steps aid in detection of spurious results that must be corrected before results can be reported by the laboratory. ABBREVIATIONS: CBC - complete blood count","PeriodicalId":263458,"journal":{"name":"American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127351991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Methodical Approach to Interpreting the Platelet Parameters of the Complete Blood Count","authors":"K. Doig, Michelle Butina","doi":"10.29074/ascls.30.3.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29074/ascls.30.3.194","url":null,"abstract":"Consistent use of a methodical approach to interpreting complete blood count (CBC) results can help detect spurious results that require remedy before results are reported. It can also help ensure that no clinically important information is overlooked during diagnostic interpretation of the results. The steps for interpreting the platelet portion of the CBC are: Interpret the total platelet count relative to the reference interval. Examine the mean platelet volume and compare to the reference interval. Examine the platelet distribution width and compare to the reference interval. Examine the platelet distribution histogram for evidence of interferences. Take steps to correct these and reassess Steps 1-3 based on the revised results. Examine the immature platelet fraction and compare to the reference interval. Correlate the numerical parameters with platelet morphology. Correlate platelet results with red blood and white blood cell parameters and conduct clinical assessment of the patient's values. Explanations for conducting the evaluations are provided and the steps are applied to example cases to demonstrate the approach to interpreting the platelet parameters of the CBC. ABBREVIATIONS: CBC - complete blood count, rbc-red blood cell, RBC-red blood cell count, MCV-mean cell volume, plt-platelet, PLT-platelet count, RDW- red blood cell distribution width, RNA-ribonucleic acid, wbc-white blood cell, μL-microliter","PeriodicalId":263458,"journal":{"name":"American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125967375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASCLS Annual Meeting 2017: Official Abstracts of Submitted Papers, Case Studies and Posters","authors":"Éricka, Hendrix","doi":"10.29074/ascls.30.3.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29074/ascls.30.3.161","url":null,"abstract":"The following abstracts have been accepted for presentation at the 2017 American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science (ASCLS) Annual Meeting and Clinical Laboratory Exposition to be held July 31 through August 3 in San Diego, CA. Abstracts are reviewed by members of the ASCLS Abstract and Proposal Review Committee. They are the final authority in selecting or rejecting an abstract. Papers, case studies and posters will be presented during the following times at the annual meeting. POSTER PRESENTATIONS Tuesday and Wednesday, August 1 and 2, 9:30am-5:00pm at the San Diego Convention Center in the Sails Pavilion. Authors will be present on Wednesday, August 2 from 10:30am to Noon to discuss their work and answer questions. ORAL RESEARCH PRESENTATIONS Monday, August 1st at 10:00am in room Gallery 2 at the Omni San Diego Hotel Poster Presentation Abstracts","PeriodicalId":263458,"journal":{"name":"American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123576815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Methodical Approach to Interpreting the Red Blood Cell Parameters of the Complete Blood Count","authors":"K. Doig, Bei Zhang","doi":"10.29074/ascls.30.3.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29074/ascls.30.3.173","url":null,"abstract":"A methodical approach to interpreting the panel of complete blood count (CBC) results helps to ensure that spurious results are detected and corrected before results are reported and helps to ensure that no results are overlooked in a diagnostic analysis of the results. The steps to interpreting the red blood cell (rbc) parameters are: Interpret the hemoglobin value relative to the appropriate reference interval. Interpret the mean cell volume relative to the reference interval. Interpret the mean cell hemoglobin concentration relative to the reference interval. Interpret the red blood cell distribution width relative to the reference interval. Examine the red blood cell morphology, if available, and correlate morphology with instrument parameters for consistency and quality purposes. Also, review for additional diagnostic findings. As a final check on the numerical parameters, examine the rbc count, hematocrit, mean cell hemoglobin, and calculate the Rule of Three to ensure that the above interpretations are correct. Use related test results when available, particularly reticulocyte parameters, to verify CBC findings and add diagnostic information. Interpret the rbc parameters for diagnostic significance and correlate with results of white blood cell and platelet parameters. Explanations for conducting the evaluations are provided and the above steps are applied to examples to demonstrate this approach to interpreting the rbc parameters of the CBC. ABBREVIATIONS: CBC - complete blood count, CRC-corrected reticulocyte count, dL-deciliter, fL-femtoliter, rbc-red blood cell, RBC-red blood cell count, HB-hemoglobin, HCT-hematocrit, g-gram, IRF-immature reticulocyte fraction, MCV-mean cell volume, MCH-mean cell hemoglobin, MCHC - mean cell hemoglobin concentration, MLS-medical laboratory scientist, pg-picogram, plt-platelet, PLT-platelet count, RDW-red blood cell distribution width, RNA-ribonucleic acid, RPI-reticulocyte production index, wbc-white blood cell, WBC-white blood cell count, μL-microliter","PeriodicalId":263458,"journal":{"name":"American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134620977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Methodical Approach to Interpreting the White Blood Cell Parameters of the Complete Blood Count","authors":"K. Doig, L. Thompson","doi":"10.29074/ascls.30.3.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29074/ascls.30.3.186","url":null,"abstract":"Consistent use of a methodical approach to interpreting complete blood count (CBC) results can help detect spurious results that require remedy before results are reported. It can also help ensure that no clinically important information is overlooked during diagnostic interpretation of the results. The steps for interpreting the white blood cell portion of the CBC are: Ensure that nucleated red blood cells or other conditions are not falsely affecting the white blood cell count (WBC); correct the WBC if needed, before proceeding. Examine the WBC for variations in the total number of white blood cells. Interpret absolute differential counts against appropriate reference intervals using proper terminology. If absolute counts are not available from an instrument, use relative counts (i.e. percentages) to calculate absolute values. Make note of immature cells in any leukocyte cell line reported in the differential that should not appear in normal peripheral blood. Make note of any morphological abnormalities of wbcs. Correlate the wbc findings with red blood cell and platelet findings for a complete clinical assessment of the patient's blood picture. Explanations for conducting the evaluations are provided and the above steps are applied to example cases to demonstrate how this approach is used to interpret the wbc parameters of the CBC. ABBREVIATIONS: CBC - complete blood count, dL-deciliter, fL-femtoliter, g-gram, NRBC-nucleated red blood cell, rbc-red blood cell, RNA-ribonucleic acid, wbc-white blood cell, WBC-white blood cell count, μL-microliter","PeriodicalId":263458,"journal":{"name":"American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124094885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Laboratory Educators' Conference 2017 Abstracts","authors":"Reed Brooks, Nancy Calder, Vivian Annette Lind, Lindsay Gilbert, Tiffany Gill, Lisa H. Hochstein, Cecelia W Landin, P. Nasr, Lisa Perkins, M. Zitzmann, W. Korzun, L. Nuñez-Argote, K. Hunter, Catherine Smith, J. Barrett, Cheryl Jackson-Harris, M. Jamerson, A. Foley, T. Gunaldo, Mitzi C. Glover, D. Wijesinghe, L. Bachmann, M. Juba","doi":"10.29074/ascls.30.2.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29074/ascls.30.2.87","url":null,"abstract":"The following abstracts were presented during the 2017 American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science (ASCLS) Clinical Laboratory Educators' Conference (CLEC) held February 23-25, 2017 in Boston, MA. Abstracts were reviewed by appropriate representatives of the ASCLS Educational Scientific Assembly (ESA). The reviewers were the final authority in selecting or rejecting an abstract. (*- indicates presenter)","PeriodicalId":263458,"journal":{"name":"American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129552546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory Diagnosis of von Willebrand Disease","authors":"Larry J. Smith","doi":"10.29074/ascls.30.2.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29074/ascls.30.2.65","url":null,"abstract":"Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is considered the most common congenital bleeding abnormality in the world and an accurate diagnosis is often very challenging. Clinical laboratories usually provide screening assays along with more complex assays to aid clinicians with the diagnosis. These assays measure different properties and activities of von Willebrand factor. They may be adversely affected by numerous preanalytical variables and often have variable performance characteristics that may contribute to an inadequate interpretation. This review describes methods used in the laboratory for diagnosing VWD and basic mechanisms of each of these assays. A thorough understanding of the assays and associated preanalytical variables in VWD testing is essential for accurate diagnosis. ABBREVIATIONS: ADAMTS13 - a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with a thrombospondin type 1 motif, DDAVP - 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, EC - endothelial cell, VWD - von Willebrand disease, VWF - von Willebrand factor, VWF:Ag - von Willebrand factor antigen, VWF:CBA - von Willebrand factor collagen binding assay, VWF:RCo - von Willebrand factor ristocetin cofactor activity","PeriodicalId":263458,"journal":{"name":"American Society for Clinical Laboratory Science","volume":"11 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128527228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}