Climate of The Past Discussions最新文献

{"title":"Enjoying the ice. Dutch Winter landscapes, weather and climate in the Golden Age, 17th century","authors":"A. Metzger","doi":"10.5194/cp-2020-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-81","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This article explores Dutch winter landscapes from the 17th century, in light of written climatic sources. It investigates different kinds of climatic elements and winter weather types that were favoured by the artists during the Little Ice Age. The comparison between a corpus of paintings and narrative records show an overrepresentation of cold and dry weather in painted representations, in comparison to the written documents. Indeed, we can estimate that such particularly cold and dry weather corresponded to less than 20 % of winter days. Thus, the Dutch painters produced a winter imagery supported by icy scenes, in which the Dutch practiced skating. We interpret this choice by examining hypotheses based around four themes: climatic, religious, political, and social. Finally, despite their historical relevance, these winter landscapes are a genre, and only show very partially the diversity of winter weather during the 17th century and the Little Ice Age.","PeriodicalId":263057,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past Discussions","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126936258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Last 2400 yrs. Environmental changes and human activity recorded in the gyttja-type bottom sediments of the Młynek Lake (Warmia and Masuria Region, northern Poland)","authors":"F. Welc, J. Nitychoruk, L. Marks, K. Bińka, Anna Rogóż‐Matyszczak, M. Obremska, A. Zalat","doi":"10.5194/cp-2020-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-45","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In the densely forested Warmia and Masuria region (north-eastern Poland) there are many lakes characterized by small size, calm sedimentation and lack of tributaries, which makes them a very good archive of environmental data for the Holocene. For this reason, one of them – the Mlynek Lake, located near the village of Janiki Wielkie, has been selected for multi-faceted palaeoenvironmental research based on a precise radiocarbon scale. Bottom sediments of this reservoir also contain unique information about anthropopression, because a defensive settlement has been operating on its northern shore since the early Iron Age to early Medieval period, which gives opportunity to correlate paleoenvironmental data with phases of the human activity in the last 2400 years. Between 3rd–2nd 2century BC the lake was surrounded by a dense forest with domination of warm and wet climate conditions. In turn of 2nd century BC and 2nd century AD forest around reservoir was much reduced, what can be associatedwith the first – early iron age – occupation phase attested on the strong hold located close to the lake. Between 2nd–9th century AD gradual restoration of forest and decline of human settlements is attested, along with lake deepening and onset of colder and humid climatic phase which correspond to global cooling episode known as Bond 1 (1.5 ka BP). Period between 9th–13th century AD indicates again intensive forest clearing around the lake in result of human activity (Middle Age settlement phase on stronghold). This period is characterized by climate change towards warming, which confirms the gradual 33shallowing of the lake (Middle Age warming period). Since 13 up to 17th century AD intensive cultivation34activity around lake tool place. The landscape is subjected to strong human transformations which means that environmental and climate changes are not so clear. However, changes in lake sedimentation can be seen around 1500, which may be associated with so called Little Ice Age - clod interval.","PeriodicalId":263057,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past Discussions","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129527839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold season warming in the North Atlantic during the last 2000 years: Evidence from Southwest Iceland","authors":"N. Richter, J. Russell, J. Garfinkel, Yongsong Huang","doi":"10.5194/cp-2020-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-84","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Temperature reconstructions from the Northern Hemisphere (NH) generally indicate cooling over the Holocene which is often attributed to decreasing summer insolation. However, climate model simulations predict that rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the collapse of the Laurentian ice sheet caused mean annual warming during this epoch. This contrast could reflect a bias in temperature proxies, and particularly a lack of proxies that record cold (late fall–early spring) season temperatures, or inaccuracies in climate model predictions of NH temperature. We reconstructed winter–spring temperatures during the Common Era (i.e. the last 2000 years) using alkenones, lipids produced by Isochrysidales haptophyte algae that bloom during spring ice-off, preserved in sediments from Vestra Gislholtsvatn (VGHV), southwest Iceland. Our record indicates cold-season temperatures warmed during the last 2000 years, in contrast to NH averages. Sensitivity tests with a lake energy balance model show that this warming is likely driven by increasing winter–spring insolation. We also found distinct seasonal differences in centennial-scale, cold-season temperature variations in VGHV compared to existing records of summer and annual temperatures from Iceland. Sustained or abrupt cooling in VGHV temperatures are associated with the cumulative effects of solar minima and volcanic eruptions, and potentially ocean and sea-ice feedbacks associated with cooling in the broader Arctic. However, multi-decadal to centennial-scale changes in cold season temperatures were strongly modulated by internal climate variability, i.e. the North Atlantic Oscillation, which can result in winter warming in Iceland even after a major negative radiative perturbation.","PeriodicalId":263057,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past Discussions","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128177514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of Atlantic climate variability on the long-term development of Mediterranean cold-water coral mounds (Alboran Sea, Melilla Mound Field)","authors":"R. Fentimen, E. Feenstra, A. Rüggeberg, Efraim Hall, V. Rime, T. Vennemann, I. Hajdas, A. Rosso, D. Rooij, T. Adatte, H. Vogel, N. Frank, T. Krengel, A. Foubert","doi":"10.5194/cp-2020-82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-82","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This study provides a detailed reconstruction of climatic events affecting a cold-water coral mound located within the East Melilla Coral Province (Southeast Alboran Sea) over the last 300 ky. Based on benthic foraminiferal assemblages, macrofaunal quantification, grain size analysis, sediment geochemistry, and foraminiferal stable isotope compositions, a reconstruction of environmental conditions prevailing in the region is proposed. The variations in planktonic and benthic δ18O values indicate that cold-water coral mound formation follows global climatic variability. Cold-water corals develop during both interglacial and glacial periods, although interglacial conditions would have allowed better proliferation. Environmental conditions during glacial periods, particularly during the Last Glacial Maximum, appear to better suit the ecological requirements of the erect cheilostome bryozoan Buskea dichotoma. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages suggest that high organic carbon flux characterized interglacial periods. Results from this study imply that increased influence of warm and moist Atlantic air masses during interglacial periods led to increased fluvial discharge, providing nutrients for cold-water corals. Important interglacial Atlantic Water mass inflow further promoted strong Alboran Gyres, and thus mixing between surface and intermediate water masses. Increased turbulence and nutrient supply would have hence provided suitable conditions for coral development. In contrast, benthic foraminiferal assemblages and grain size distributions suggest that the benthic environment received less organic matter during glacial periods, whilst bottom flow velocity was reduced in comparison to interglacial periods. During glacial periods, arid continental conditions combined to more stratified water masses caused a dwindling of coral communities in the southeastern Alboran Sea, although aeolian dust input may have allowed these to survive. In contrast to Northeast Atlantic counterparts, coral mound build-up in the southeastern Alboran Sea occurs during glacial as well as during interglacial periods and at very low aggradation rates (between 1 and 9 cm ky−1). We propose that Buskea dichotoma plays an important role in long-term mound formation at the East Melilla Coral Province, noticeably during glacial periods.\u0000","PeriodicalId":263057,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past Discussions","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117339917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precipitation reconstruction based on tree-ring width over the past 270 years in the central Lesser Khingan Mountains, Northeast China","authors":"Mingqi Li, Guofu Deng, X. Shao, Z. Yin","doi":"10.5194/cp-2020-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-56","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Inter-annual variations in precipitation play important roles in management of forest ecosystems and agricultural production in Northeast China. This study presents a 270-year precipitation reconstruction of winter to early growing season for the central Lesser Khingan Mountains, Northeast China based on tree-ring width data from 99 tree-ring cores of Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. from two sampling sites near Yichun. The reconstruction explained 43.9 % of the variance in precipitation from the previous October to current June during the calibration period 1956–2017. At the decadal scale, we identified four dry periods that occurred during AD 1748–1759, 1774–1786, 1881–1886 and 1918–1924, and four wet periods occurring during AD 1790–1795, 1818–1824, 1852–1859 and 2008–2017, and the period AD 2008–2017 was the wettest in the past 270 years. Power spectral analysis and wavelet analysis revealed cyclic patterns on the inter-annual (2–3 years) and inter-decadal (~11 and ~32–60 years) timescales in the reconstructed series, which may be associated with the large-scale circulation patterns such as the Arctic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation through their impacts on the Asian polar vortex intensity, as well as the solar activity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":263057,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past Discussions","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124113381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A data-model approach to interpreting speleothem oxygen isotope records from monsoon regions on orbital timescales","authors":"Sarah E. Parker, S. Harrison, L. Comas‐Bru, N. Kaushal, A. Legrande, M. Werner","doi":"10.5194/cp-2020-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-78","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Reconstruction of past changes in monsoon climate from speleothem oxygen isotope (δ18O) records is complex because δ18O signals can be influenced by multiple factors including changes in precipitation, precipitation recycling over land, temperature at the moisture source and changes in the moisture source region and transport pathway. Here, we analyse > 150 speleothem records from version 2 of the Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and Analysis (SISAL) database to produce composite regional trends in δ18O in monsoon regions; compositing minimises the influence of site-specific karst and cave processes that can influence individual site records. We compare speleothem δ18O observations with isotope-enabled climate model simulations to investigate the specific climatic factors causing these regional trends. We focus on differences in δ18O signals between interglacial (mid-Holocene and Last Interglacial) and glacial (Last Glacial Maximum) states, and on δ18O evolution through the Holocene. Differences in speleothem δ18O between the mid-Holocene and Last Interglacial in the East Asian and Indian monsoons are small, despite the larger summer insolation values during the Last Interglacial. Last Glacial Maximum δ18O values are significantly less negative than interglacial values. Comparison with simulated glacial-interglacial δ18O shows that changes are principally driven by global shifts in temperature and regional precipitation. Holocene speleothem δ18O records show distinct and coherent regional trends. Trends are similar to summer insolation in India, China and southwestern South America, but different in the Indonesian-Australian region. Redundancy analysis shows that 37 % of Holocene variability can be accounted for by latitude and longitude, supporting the differentiation of records into individual monsoon regions. Regression analysis of simulated precipitation δ18O and climate variables show that global Holocene monsoon δ18O trends are driven by changes in precipitation, atmospheric circulation and (to a lesser extent) source area temperature, whilst precipitation recycling is non-significant. However, there are differences in regional scale mechanisms; there are clear relationships between changes in precipitation and in δ18O for India, southwestern South America and the Indonesian-Australian regions, but not for the East Asian monsoon. Changes in atmospheric circulation contributes to δ18O trends in the East Asian, Indian and Indonesian-Australian monsoons, and a weak source area temperature effect is observed over southern and central America and Asia. Precipitation recycling is influential in southwestern South America and southern Africa. Overall, our analyses show that it is possible to differentiate the impacts of specific climatic mechanisms influencing precipitation δ18O and use this analysis to interpret changes in speleothem δ18O.","PeriodicalId":263057,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past Discussions","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130603505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower oceanic 𝛿13C during the Last Interglacial compared to the Holocene","authors":"Shannon A. Bengtson, L. Menviel, K. Meissner, L. Missiaen, C. Peterson, L. Lisiecki, F. Joos","doi":"10.5194/cp-2020-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-73","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The last time in Earth’s history when the high latitudes were warmer than during pre-industrial times was the last interglacial (LIG, 129–116 ka BP). Since the LIG is the most recent and best documented warm time period, it can provide insights into climate processes in a warmer world. However, some key features of the LIG are not well constrained, notably the oceanic circulation and the global carbon cycle. Here, we use a new database of LIG benthic 𝛿13C to investigate these two aspects. We find that the oceanic mean 𝛿13C was ~ 0.2 ‰ lower during the LIG (here defined as 125–120 ka BP) when compared to the mid-Holocene (7–4 ka BP). As the LIG was slightly warmer than the Holocene, it is possible that terrestrial carbon was lower, which would have led to both a lower oceanic 𝛿13C and atmospheric 𝛿13CO2 as observed in paleo-records. However, given the multi-millennial timescale, the lower oceanic 𝛿13C most likely reflects a long-term imbalance between weathering and burial of carbon. The 𝛿13C distribution in the Atlantic Ocean suggests no significant difference in the latitudinal and depth extent of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) between the LIG and the mid-Holocene. Furthermore, the data suggests that the multi-millennial mean NADW transport was similar between these two time periods.","PeriodicalId":263057,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past Discussions","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127160736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long term trends in aquatic diversity, productivity and stability: a 15,800 year multidecadal diatom study from Lake Baikal, southern Siberia","authors":"A. Mackay, V. A. Felde, D. Morley, N. Piotrowska, P. Rioual, A. Seddon, George E. A. Swann","doi":"10.5194/CP-2020-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/CP-2020-70","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Biological diversity is inextricably linked to community stability and ecosystem functioning, but our understanding of these relationships in freshwater ecosystems are largely based on short-term observational, experimental, and modelling approaches. Using a multidecadal diatom record for the past 15,800 years from Lake Baikal, we investigate how three ecosystem components – diversity, productivity, and stability – have responded to climate changes on long-timescales. In addition, we investigate how the relationships between diversity, productivity and stability have changed through time in response to these changes. We show that abrupt changes in diatom stability and diversity during the late glacial and early Holocene are part of a network of responses across southern Siberia as a result of extrinsically-forced climate instability. Productivity – diversity relationships were strongly coupled during the late glacial, which we suggest is linked to resource availability, but showed little relationship during the Holocene, perhaps due to few resources being limiting for extended periods of time. For example, periods of low diatom diversity are associated with peak palaeoproductivity, and coincide with climate disturbance events. Such strong negative relationships may reflect resources becoming limiting during palaeoproductivity, leading to monospecific diatom blooms. While species fluctuations respond rapidly to changing resources during much of the Holocene, the ecosystem function of primary production appears to be relatively resilient. Our study provides important perspectives on lake community stability and ecosystem function in relation to rapid periods of climate change.","PeriodicalId":263057,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past Discussions","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115244198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Prequel to the Dantean Anomaly: The Water Seesaw and Droughts of 1302–1307 in Europe","authors":"M. Bauch, Thomas Labbé, Annabell Engel, P. Seifert","doi":"10.5194/cp-2020-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-34","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The cold/wet anomaly of the 1310s ( Dantean anomaly ) has attracted a lot of attention from scholars, as it is commonly interpreted as a signal of the transition between the MCA and the LIA. The huge variability that can be observed during this decade, similarly with the high interannual variability observed in the 1340s, has been highlighted as a side-effect of this rapid climatic transition. In this paper, we demonstrate that a multi-seasonal drought of almost two years occurred in the Mediterranean between 1302 and 1304, and respectively a series of hot and dry summers north of the Alps from 1304 to 1306. We propose to interpret this outstanding dry anomaly, unique in the 13th/14th century, combined with the 1310s and the 1340s cold anomalies, as part of the climatic shift from the MCA to the LIA. Our reconstruction of the predominant weather patterns of the first decade of the 14th century from documentary and proxy data lead to the identification of multiple European water seesaw events in 1302–1307, with similarities to the seesaw conditions which prevailed in 2018 over continental Europe. It can be debated to which extent the 1302–1307 period can be compared to what is currently discussed regarding the influence of the Arctic amplification phenomenon on the increasing frequency of long-lasting stable weather patterns that occurred since the late 1980s. Additionally, this paper deals with socio-economic and cultural responses to drought risks in the Middle Ages from contemporary sources and provides evidence that there is a significant correlation between blazes that devastated cities and pronounced dry seasons.","PeriodicalId":263057,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past Discussions","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134368447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sea Ice dynamics at the Western Antarctic Peninsula during the industrial era: a multi-proxy intercomparison study","authors":"Maria-Elena Vorrath, J. Müller, L. Rebolledo, Paola Cardenas, Xiaoxu Shi, O. Esper, T. Opel, W. Geibert, P. Muñoz, C. Haas, C. Lange, G. Lohmann, G. Mollenhauer","doi":"10.5194/cp-2020-63-supplement","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-63-supplement","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In the last decades, changing climate conditions have had a severe impact on sea ice at the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), an area rapidly transforming under global warming. To study the development of spring sea ice and environmental conditions in the pre-satellite era we investigated three short marine sediment cores for their biomarker inventory with particular focus on the sea ice proxy IPSO25 and micropaleontological proxies. The core sites in the Bransfield Strait are located in shelf to deep basin areas characterized by a complex oceanographic frontal system, coastal influence and sensitivity to large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns. We analyzed geochemical bulk parameters, biomarkers (highly branched isoprenoids, glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, sterols), and diatom abundances and diversity over the past 200 years (210Pb dating), and compared them to observational data, sedimentary and ice core climate archives as well as results from numerical models. Based on biomarkers we could identify four different stratigraphic units with (1) stable conditions and moderate sea ice cover before 1860, (2) low to moderate sea ice cover between 1860 and 1930, (3) high seasonal variability and changes in sea ice regimes from 1930 to 1990 and (4) a shift to increasing sea ice cover despite anthropogenic warming since 1990. Although IPSO25 concentrations correspond quite well with satellite sea ice observations for the past 40 years, we note discrepancies between the biomarker-based sea ice estimates and the long-term model output for the past 200 years, ice core records and reconstructed atmospheric circulation patterns such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM). We propose that the sea ice biomarker proxies IPSO25 and PIPSO25 are not linearly related to sea ice cover and, additionally, each core site reflects specific, local environmental conditions. High IPSO25 and PIPSO25 values may not be directly interpreted as referring to high spring sea ice cover because variable sea ice conditions and enhanced nutrient supply may affect the production of both the sea-ice associated and phytoplankton-derived (open marine, pelagic) biomarker lipids. For a more meaningful interpretation we recommend to carefully consider individually biomarker records to distinguish between cold, sea ice favoring and warm, sea ice diminishing environmental conditions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":263057,"journal":{"name":"Climate of The Past Discussions","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115221149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}