{"title":"Can Thickness Froude Number be an Influencing Parameter of Ice-Induced Pressure on Vertical Structure?","authors":"A. Arunachalam, M. Graham","doi":"10.5957/icetech-2008-110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2008-110","url":null,"abstract":"Aspects of expressing ice-induced pressure on vertical structures in dimensionless form as a function of dimensionless influencing parameters are discussed. Based on these, a few previously published experimental data of other researchers on sheet-ice interaction with vertical structures are analyzed, with particular emphasis on the influence of thickness Froude number on dimensionless ice-induced pressure. The data analyzed in this paper, were obtained using fresh-water ice, saline ice, from field and laboratory tests, wherein the ice-thickness-based strain-rate (u/h) varied between 1.0×10-4 sec-1 and 9.0×100 sec-1 while the structure-widthbased strain-rate (u/B) varied from 3.0×10-4 sec-1 to 8.0×100 sec-1. Thus, a wide range of strain rates, from ductile to brittle deformation of ice, has been considered in the analysis. The aspect ratio (B/h) varied from 0.20 to 45 while the contact area varied between 5.0×10-5 m2 to 2.0 m2. The analyses showed that dimensionless ice-induced pressure varies as a decreasing function of increased thickness Froude number, when all other dimensionless independent parameters are held constant. The shape of the indentor was found to have no influence on the dimensionless ice-induced pressure expressed as a function of u/√(gh). The ice-induced pressure data used in this analysis are also presented in dimensional form as a function of pressure-area and as a function of aspect ratio to show the usefulness of expressing parameters in dimensionless form to understand the physics of complex ice-structure interaction problem.","PeriodicalId":262766,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Mon, July 21, 2008","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121311761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"First Year Hull-Ice Interaction Loads Measured on the Louis S. St-Laurent During the 1995 Gulf of St. Lawrence Trials","authors":"R. Ritch","doi":"10.5957/icetech-2008-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2008-122","url":null,"abstract":"During March of 1995, hull-ice interaction loads were measured on the hull of the Louis S. St-Laurent (LSSL) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The programme made use of strain gages placed on the bow and shoulder areas of the hull for the LSSL 1994 North Pole voyage. An additional measurement area in the stern was added. The winter of 1995 was a mild winter. Ice thickness during the trials was in the range of 0.4m to 0.5m and air temperatures were generally above zero during the day and -5°C at night. There was marked deterioration of the ice strength over the duration of the trials.\u0000 The trials were conducted on a non-interference basis. Only very limited dedicated trials were conducted. The data was collected using transient recorders with user-defined threshold triggers. Two video systems were installed, one to document the view looking forward of the vessel and a second looking vertically downwards along the side to record the ice thickness of ice piece broken by the bow and turned on edge.\u0000 This paper documents the measurement program conducted, including a description of the measurement systems and data processing methods. The final results of measured forces/pressures and their distributions are presented and comparisons made to the 1994 LSSL voyage and several other ships.","PeriodicalId":262766,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Mon, July 21, 2008","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122443268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bo Wang, Han C. Yu, R. Basu, Hoseong Lee, JinChil Kwon, Byung-Young Jeon, Jae-Hyun Kim, C. Daley, A. Kendrick
{"title":"Structural Response of Cargo Containment Systems in LNG Carriers under Ice Loads","authors":"Bo Wang, Han C. Yu, R. Basu, Hoseong Lee, JinChil Kwon, Byung-Young Jeon, Jae-Hyun Kim, C. Daley, A. Kendrick","doi":"10.5957/icetech-2008-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2008-146","url":null,"abstract":"Ship-ice interaction scenarios have been investigated for possible operation routes in Arctic areas and six scenarios were selected to study the structural response of Cargo Containment Systems (CCS) in both membrane and spherical types of LNG ships. For selected ship-ice interaction scenarios, ice loads and loading areas in the hull structure were determined based on the energy theory. For membrane-type LNG carriers, CCS is made of very different materials such as plywood, foam and mastic. A local FE model including the partial hull structure with one panel of individual CCS has been developed for analysis purposes. For Moss-type LNG carriers, the tank system consists of a spherical tank and a cylindrical supporting skirt structure. A local FE model including the partial hull structure with the skirt structure has also been developed for structural analysis. One critical loading location, where the ice load is applied to cause the maximum deflection of inner hull, is determined in the side shell for investigating the deformation behavior of CCS for all selected scenarios. Linear buckling analysis was performed to investigate the stability of hull structure. Nonlinear static FE analyses were conducted to obtain stress and displacement in membrane-type CCS and skirt structure, respectively. Critical locations where the maximum stresses occur in CCS were identified in both membrane and Moss types of LNG carriers. The strength of LNG carriers under the design ice load was evaluated based on FE results and assessment criteria. Finally, structural analysis procedures have been developed for assessing the strength of cargo containment systems in ice class LNG carriers.","PeriodicalId":262766,"journal":{"name":"Day 2 Mon, July 21, 2008","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122550364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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