{"title":"Border Crossings","authors":"L. Mugglestone","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198870159.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870159.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines Andrew Clark’s exploration of language and language barriers in war-time use, and the border crossings that words often revealed. French, Belgian, Russian, Indian English, and German (among others) all attracted his attention. As he explored, articles and advertisements in the British press appeared in Flemish or French, directly addressing the shifting constitution of the Home Front in the wake of war. Clark’s interest in Indian English is richly documented. French, in particular, claimed a topical currency, infusing trench slang (and reported speech) alongside popular reportage. In contrast, distinctive forms of logophobia with reference to German as the language of the enemy generated a set of highly divisive language tactics in which linguistic and moral inversion were intentionally aligned.","PeriodicalId":262763,"journal":{"name":"Writing a War of Words","volume":"55 17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124754149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction: Writing a War of Words","authors":"L. Mugglestone","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198870159.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870159.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter introduces Clark as a writer and historian of Home Front life in World War One, alongside the distinctive approaches of his work on language. It focusses on his decision to make a set of language scrapbooks, and looks at his early interest in the incidental and ephemeral as artefacts of time. Drawing on both history and language history, it examines the liberal inclusivity that characterizes his work, not least in his attentive pursuit of many words which still remain unrecorded in formal lexicography.","PeriodicalId":262763,"journal":{"name":"Writing a War of Words","volume":"269 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123358666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Last Words","authors":"L. Mugglestone","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198870159.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870159.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores both the end of war (and its accompanying diction), and the end of Andrew Clark’s ‘Words in War-Time’ project in 1919, and the afterlives that this reveals. The language of memory, and public and private memorialization, is an important part of this. Poppies, war shrines, and memorial services are all part of Clark’s process of attentive record. So, too, was the shifting language of the souvenir. As war ended, Clark, of necessity, also gathered his own last words. Nevertheless, as he stressed, trying to create a history of war-time usage in a single-handed project now seemed increasingly foolhardy. He was acutely aware of the imperfections of what he had achieved. ‘Words in War-Time’ remained incomplete and unrevised (Clark died in 1922) – an archive of scraps and annotations, both fascinating and frustrating. This chapter concludes by examining his legacies, insights, and the enduring value of his work.","PeriodicalId":262763,"journal":{"name":"Writing a War of Words","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115007704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Langscape of War","authors":"L. Mugglestone","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198870159.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870159.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter documents the ways in which an aggressively modern war took shape in language in World War One, yielding, in Clark’s notebooks, a real-time engagement with the fleeting diction of vernacular geography at the front, the weapons of industrial warfare, and the diverse taxonomies of mud or sound. It explores the emergence of trench warfare, and its own distinctive patterns of use (and variability), alongside the reconceptualization of fundamental terms such as battle and battlefield. Here, too, is a shifting language of attack and resistance and of ‘them’ and ‘us’, in which air warfare, or amphibious warfare, or gas warfare, or the brief efflorescence of Turpiite, offer striking lexical fertility alongside their new capacities for destruction.","PeriodicalId":262763,"journal":{"name":"Writing a War of Words","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115166268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reading into Words","authors":"L. Mugglestone","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198870159.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870159.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter considers World War 1 as a high point for reading as a way of understanding events, alongside Clark’s own role as a particularly dedicated reader of war-time use. Newspapers – often given a bad press in writing on WWI – were, for Clark, to be exploited as multi-genre spaces, offering a marked diversity of forms. Letters from the Front, diaries, advertising, accounts of war, politics, fashion, and cookery, often appeared across their pages. Clark’s reading deliberately spanned a social, political, and geographical spectrum, while revealing a process of attentive scrutiny, collection and annotation in a documentary excursus into a world in flux.","PeriodicalId":262763,"journal":{"name":"Writing a War of Words","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121815666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"English in a Time of Total War","authors":"L. Mugglestone","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198870159.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870159.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focusses on the language of total war, and its consequences, in Britain. Total war is marked by the explicit renegotiation of the boundaries of conflict, alongside the participants it claims; as contemporary comment stressed, the people were, in effect, now to be the new front line. For Clark, the language of aerial attack, and domestic response, was, by extension, to be another area of marked lexical and semantic shift, whether in the rise of distinctive collocations such as Zeppelin nights and Zeppelin barometers, or in the domestic diction of gas warfare (and gas marks) alongside the emergence of dug-outs on the Home Front. Time itself, via British Summer Time or artificial time, changed too, as – at least intentionally — did the language of key British institutions such as ‘buying a round’.","PeriodicalId":262763,"journal":{"name":"Writing a War of Words","volume":"117 6-7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132027183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Word-hoard","authors":"L. Mugglestone","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198870159.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870159.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses Clark’s ‘Words in War-Time’ as a distinctive project in its own right. Beginning in 1914, it has an intellectual hinterland that reaches into Victorian Oxford, the philological revolution, and the making of the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary (OED1). Other models of historiography were, however, important, too. The chapter also explores the inspiration Clark drew from his own earlier work on the English Civil War writer Anthony Wood’s Life and Times and John Aubrey’s contemporaneous Brief Lives –especially in relation to their emphasis on the need to register living history with ‘minuteness’ in a process that directs particular attention to its incidental details. Clark’s work on language in World War One proves, in this light, intriguingly experimental, presenting both emulation and resistance in relation to earlier works on language and the narratives of time and change that might be made.","PeriodicalId":262763,"journal":{"name":"Writing a War of Words","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133806083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Writing the Women’s Part","authors":"L. Mugglestone","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198870159.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870159.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter documents Clark’s dedicated pursuit of the words, and meanings, by which women’s participation in World War One was to be expressed. As Clark observed, women, as war workers, arguably claimed a new linguistic visibility in war-time, evident in a diverse array of gender-marked neologisms alongside other gender-specific and transferred forms of use. This was another part of the language of war effort and doing one’s bit, in which Clark’s interest in minuteness (and ephemerality) proved rewarding — as did his attention to the complex undercurrents of meaning that such forms could reveal. This was, as he explored, nevertheless perhaps best seen as another form of language ‘for the duration’ – profoundly resonant of time and change, it was also strikingly time-bound, and characterised by its own forms of ephemerality and incipient obsolescence.","PeriodicalId":262763,"journal":{"name":"Writing a War of Words","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132770469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘Doing One’s Bit’","authors":"Lynda Mugglestone","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198870159.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870159.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focusses on the war-time discourse of the volunteer, recruiting, and the eventual move to conscription, while exploring the rhetorical patterns of patriotism and identity (and identity politics) which result. As Clark records, in war-time use, to do one’s bit was to be both prominent and remarkably polysemous, spanning collective and individual agency on the Home Front (a new collocation in its own right) alongside the diction of recruiting and active service. The volunteer and voluntary enlistment (and the conflicted semantics that these and related words reveal) were, on one level, presented as a prime means by which one’s bit was done in the early years of war. Nevertheless, the diction of identity, hegemonic masculinity (and its failure or rejection) were further key elements, evident in the over-lexicalisation and gendered usage of the stay-at-home, slacker, Cuthbert, or knut (and the targeted semantic shifts that these and other words reveal). The shift to conscription, and the stigmatization of those who chose not to fight, presents, as Clark records, still other conflicted forms.","PeriodicalId":262763,"journal":{"name":"Writing a War of Words","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123340601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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