{"title":"Climate Change Scenario in Indian Context","authors":"J. Mehta","doi":"10.18782/2583-4770.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2583-4770.108","url":null,"abstract":"The Indian economy is mostly agrarian-based and depends on the onset of the monsoon and its further behavior. The livelihood of people is mostly dependent on climate-sensitive natural resources like land, water and forests. The climate change impact on these natural resources affects agriculture, forests, water resources and human health. India is a vast country occupying 2.4% world's geographical area, sharing 16.2% of the global human population and 15% of the global livestock population. It is endowed with varied climates supporting rich biodiversity and highly diverse ecology. More than 60% of its population living in rural areas, where agriculture is the major concern rural economy that is the backbone of the Indian economy. The consistent impact of climate change may threaten livelihood activities, which are mostly based on agriculture providing food security. Climate change and global warming pose a significant threats to agriculture. Pest populations are strongly dependent upon temperature and humidity. It has been predicted that 10-40% losses in crop production in India with an increase in temperature 3 to 5ºC by the end of 21 century. The allied sectors of agriculture have also been affected adversely by climate change e.g., lowering production in dairy cattle, poultry and fishery. Changes in climate variables may alter the distribution of important vector species, especially malarial mosquitoes, and subsequently increase the spread of such diseases to new areas. The loss in net revenue at the farm level is estimated to range between 9% to 25% for a temperature rise of 2ºC to 3.5ºC. To minimize the adverse impact of climate change, adaptation comprises shifting the population living close to the sea side to escape the rising sea level or promote crops that can tolerate higher temperatures. To remedial measures taken to combat the adverse impact of climate change, mitigation comprises a reduction in the emissions of greenhouse gases. The government of India's expenditure on adaptation and mitigation to combating climate change impact shares 2.6% of the GDP, with agriculture, water resources, health and sanitation, forests, coastal-zone infrastructure and extreme weather events being specific areas of concern. This paper was attempted to review the climate change scenario with their present and future adaptation and mitigation efforts in India.","PeriodicalId":262746,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Trends in Climate Change","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127272180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emphasis of Plant Breeding in the Climate Impacts","authors":"K. Saxena","doi":"10.18782/2583-4770.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2583-4770.107","url":null,"abstract":"Plant breeding has been made a crucial role in food and agriculture by studying and focusing on utilization of genetic diversity of plant's adaptability and survival when their environments change. Plant breeding efforts to help producers overcome the enormous challenges posed by climate change through the creation of new seed varieties with improved genetics from germplasm exhibiting stress tolerance. This field plays a decisive role in advancing crop varieties and hybrids to become more productive, high in quality, and better adapted to abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as producing plants that can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by increasing nitrogen and CO2 input-use efficiency. However, with global temperatures rising, the human population, absence of urgent institute measures, limited application of new methods, lack of resources, training and capabilities, more frequent and severe drought and flooding, along with increased pressure from insects and disease, will be agriculture's biggest challenge. On the other hand, there are great opportunities to overcome earlier mentioned problems. For instance, advances in technology have put many more tools into breeders' hands. Technologies like molecular markers and bioinformatics and other techniques are expediting the process of analyzing and assessing traits.","PeriodicalId":262746,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Trends in Climate Change","volume":"426 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131865035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Climatic Change on Soil Microbial Community","authors":"Kumаr Сhirаnjeeb","doi":"10.18782/2583-4770.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2583-4770.106","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is the most severe problem that adversely affects crop productivity and negatively impacts soil microbial biodiversity, which is considered the key component of soil fertility indicators. Microbial biodiversity regulates all necessary functions to strengthen and maintain the stability of the ecosystem. Climate change primarily affects the crop microclimate, which in turn destroys the ecological balance and disrupts the ideal growth conditions for the crops and hampers the proliferation of microorganisms in the environment, thus decreasing crop production over a particular region. Climate change conditions such as higher temperature, rainfall and other abrupt conditions destroy the equilibrium between microbes, plants and the environment to a large extent, altering the plant-microbe interactions. Higher Carbon dioxide concentration favours the crop in photosynthesis and helps achieve higher productivity. Microbial respiration also enhances the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere, leading to global warming and other potentially hazardous conditions. Mitigation strategies on crop, soil and land management measures are important to counteract the negative impact of climate change.","PeriodicalId":262746,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Trends in Climate Change","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124580195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Its Allied Sectors: An Overview","authors":"M. Begum","doi":"10.18782/2583-4770.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2583-4770.103","url":null,"abstract":"Global climate change is one of the rising international issues of modern civilization. It has impacted the way of living of each and every organism. The agricultural sector is one such highly impaired sector that has been affected by climate change. With the rise of atmospheric temperature, soil conditions get worsened; the normal physiology of plants has also changed, ultimately resulting in lesser yield as compared to yield potential yield. The agricultural sector has a significant impact on the Economy of the country. The reduction in yield due to climate change has resulted in a decrease in monetary return. The impaired quality of the product in terms of nutrients, minerals, antioxidants, and other biochemical content has induced various diseases and deficiencies in plants and animals. The plant becomes highly susceptible to pests and pathogens. Other allied sectors like animal husbandry, fishery, poultry etc., also get affected due to the changes in weather parameters. Climate change has a clear and profound impact on the food web, health and Economy of every living being on the Earth. Researches and experiments should be conducted to find out future trends and mitigation techniques to cope with global climate change.","PeriodicalId":262746,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Trends in Climate Change","volume":"R-36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126539719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 and Climate Change on Indian Agriculture","authors":"P. Pooja","doi":"10.18782/2583-4770.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18782/2583-4770.104","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and pandemics both disrupt global food supply chains on their own. Natural and human disasters, such as droughts, cyclones and pandemics, have become more common in the twenty-first century. Their combined effects can result in severe economic stress and malnutrition, especially in developing nations. Understanding how climate change and pandemics interact and developing strategies to address them both together and separately is critical to ensuring a stable global food supply. This paper examines the consequences of these disasters in terms of food and agriculture and then discusses how they are compounded. We discuss the implication of policy and suggest research topics for the future.","PeriodicalId":262746,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Trends in Climate Change","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116951825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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