2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Acid mine drainage - effect on creeks or streams in a mining community in Ghana and treatment options","authors":"C. Afriyie-Debrah, K. Obiri-Danso, J. Ephraim","doi":"10.1109/ICEEA.2010.5596144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEA.2010.5596144","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals contamination and other physico-chemical changes in underground and surface water by acid mine drainage (AMD) were determined on the impact on creeks or streams. High levels of these metals have been reported in mining areas over the years; however, investigations indicates that less monitoring has been done on water discharged as effluent for effective maintenance mechanisms to be effected. Field and laboratory studies were carried out within the mining community on Latitude S 2° 35 W and Longitude N 5° 31W to investigate the levels of heavy metals (As, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn and Cd) and physico-chemical changes (pH, temperature, E.C, D.O, alkalinity, S042−, free CN) in both underground and surface water for seven sampling sites. Results from atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) determination indicated an average concentrations of iron (6.185 mg/l) and manganese (2.271 mg/l) in both surface and underground waters which are higher than threshold limits for mining effluent. The physico-chemical changes were determined using standard methods. Results also indicated higher levels of electric conductivity (1435.0µs/cm) and sulphate (344.0 mg/l). Differences in pH, temperature, E.C, alkalinity, S042-, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn levels in the seven water samples were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05). This may be attributed to the higher release of metals, relative to H+. Result also showed significant impact of AMD on water quality in the mining area. This effect could be attributed to the release of metals as a result of oxidation of metal-bearing sulphides in the mine dumps and pits at the selected sampling sites. The study showed that addition of lime as a treatment option has not been effective. Hence new conventional methods such as Aerobic wetland, Compost or Anaerobic Wetland, Open Limestone Channels, Diversion wells, Anoxic Limestone Drains (ALD) etc. should be considered in the treatment of acidic water (AMD) in the mining area.","PeriodicalId":262661,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115776212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental impact of white phosphorus weapons on urban areas","authors":"S. Mojabi, Azadeh Navazi, F. Feizi, M. Ghourchi","doi":"10.1109/ICEEA.2010.5596102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEA.2010.5596102","url":null,"abstract":"Conflicts and geopolitical competition of global and regional powers have stimulated regional conflicts in certain geographic areas in the twenty-first century as well as the twentieth century. During the geopolitical conflicts governments to achieve their goals and commitments sometimes violated environmental treaties and human rights and used weapons which severely damaged the environmental resources and civilian population. Middle East as its special features within the world geopolitical system framework has always been in the focal point of competition and geopolitical conflicts in the twentieth century. On the very beginning of twenty-first century, several regional wars happened in the Middle East the weastern countries war against Iraq in a coalition lead by the United States in 2003, Lebanon thirty-three days war in 2006, Gaza-Israel war in 2008, and Yemen and Saudi Arabia's Army war with Shiite rebels in northern Yemen in 2009, are some of the geopolitical conflicts which in many cases targeted and damaged the environment in the region. In all of these conflicts, phosphorus weapons were used in urban areas and against civilians and the environment was severely damaged. White phosphorus is a highly flammable incendiary material which ignites when exposed to oxygen. White phosphorus, flares in spectacular bursts with a yellow flame when fired from artillery shells and produces dense white smoke. It is used as a smokescreen for troop movements and to illuminate a battlefield. White phosphorus has a significant, incidental, incendiary effect that can severely burn people and set structures, fields, and other civilian objects in the vicinity on fire. White phosphorus has destructive effects on the environment and also plants and may remain within the deep soil for several years without any changes. White phosphorus, despite having a severe impact on non-military population and its widespread usage in recent (urban) wars continues to be known as a conventional weapon. According to the third Geneva Convention protocol, first article of the third protocol of Conventional Weopens Treaty, Lahe Court Conference in 1899, the eighth article of International Criminal Court and the first article of ENMOD Convention, deliberate attacks on civilians and civilian facilities, residential areas, places which civilians use, such as hospitals, religious buildings and schools, and using weapons that cause severe injuries or using techniques of environmental change that have severe or, long-term effects on the environment is prohibited. This article,through descriptive-analytical method, has investigated using white phosphorus weapons in the Middle East geopolitical conflicts which urban areas and civilian populations were mainly in the focus.","PeriodicalId":262661,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115755489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing water demand - supply imbalances in continental India","authors":"Ajay K. Singh, A. Patwardhan","doi":"10.1109/ICEEA.2010.5596123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEA.2010.5596123","url":null,"abstract":"Water has become a central issue in changing climate due to global warming. Assessment of its demand and supply in a region in view of their balance is very important to sustain humanity and ecosystem. Water demand and supply in large Indian continental basins have been calculated and analyzed for the balance between them applying a hydrological model. The capability of the model to simulate runoff for various catchments selected from Indian Subcontinent is also investigated. A simple sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the relative importance of the variables used in the model. Impact of finer spatial resolution in the model to the simulation of runoff of large basins has been studied. Finally, basins' vulnerable in respect to water stress and responsible factors have been identified.","PeriodicalId":262661,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications","volume":"247 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124724537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Software for modeling of epidemic diseases","authors":"K. Movagharnejad, Foroogh Toobi, Z. Babai","doi":"10.1109/ICEEA.2010.5596130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEA.2010.5596130","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematical biology is a rather new science which is currently used in different areas of biochemical and medical engineering such as population models, control of epidermal diseases, growth and control of tumors and so on. One of the most important areas of mathematical biology is modeling of spread and control of epidemic diseases. Simple epidemic models try to describe epidemic models between populations. Educational software is developed which may help the teacher in the classroom for problem solving and description of different concepts and properties of these models. Concepts such as influence of initial number of infectives and susceptibles, situations which lead to spread of epidemic diseases and maximum number of infectives may be learned and discussed by this software. Using of such computer programs provides a framework for education of main concepts without cumbersome and time consuming tasks of mathematical operations and saves the time of the classroom for better discussions and conclusions.","PeriodicalId":262661,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124875956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notice of RetractionInvestigation of land talent in west of Borujerd region based on physiographic properties","authors":"H. Mehrabi, A. Ariapour","doi":"10.1109/ICEEA.2010.5596154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEA.2010.5596154","url":null,"abstract":"Fundamental of all plans of agriculture, forestry, range management and watershed management and aquifer and so on is physiographic study and determination of land talent. Cause of land use diversity in the region and soil erosion and degradation need to this study and be important. This study was conducted by satellite photos and topographical maps with 1:50000 scale. After load maps by GIS software, was determined physiographic units and harmonious. Then analyzed information and reached to hypsometry, aspect, slope and finally land talent maps based on physiographic properties. For determine of region climate used information and statistical data form Borujerd synoptic station. Result showed that climate of region is semi cold moisture until semi cold dry based on Amberge method and by using Climategram. Results of field and combination of maps showed that there is many land uses in region, those are not conform by physiographical study especially with slope. Thus one of the important factors to soil erosion and nature resources degradations inadaptable using based on suitable slope category. This region elevation is more than 1700 meter and there is no many different height between plain and sloppy region in which good soil and potential for growth plants. With delete of stone land and difficult to pass this different height will receive to none and there is monotones relatively climate in region. According to this factor, height not affect on land talent ability. None most different in soil depth in north, west, east and south aspects also monotones climate caused that not affect of aspect on land use ability in region. According to degradation intensity of natural resources and soil erosion in region, must be attention to percent of slope because of most important factor to determination of land talent. According to maps slope class, must allocate land with 0-12% to irrigated and dry farming, land with 12-14% to range management and gardening under counter and land with more 40% to plant a tree and semi tree and to conservation region.","PeriodicalId":262661,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125084984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus limitation on CO2, N2O, and NO emissions from a tropical humid forest soil of South Sumatra, Indonesia","authors":"Taiki Mori, S. Ohta, R. Konda, S. Ishizuka, A. Wicaksono","doi":"10.1109/ICEEA.2010.5596085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEA.2010.5596085","url":null,"abstract":"We examined if there is a P limitation on microbial activities and the accompanying gas emissions in a humid tropical forest soil of South Sumatra, Indonesia. The soil was incubated for 30 d with and without adding P (Ca(H<inf>2</inf>PO<inf>4</inf>)<inf>2</inf>; 2 mg P g·soil⁻¹) after adjusting water-filled pore space (WFPS) to 75% or 100%. The cumulative CO<inf>2</inf> emission during 30 d (mg C kg·soil⁻¹) increased by P addition from 751 ± 105 to 959 ± 66 and from 1096 ± 36 to 1294 ± 47 at 75% and 100% WFPS, respectively, suggesting that the soil microbial activity was limited by P. P addition also increased the cumulative N<inf>2</inf>O emissions (from 10.2 ± 5.08 to 19.9 ± 6.91 and from 1405 ± 161 to 1977 ± 179 at 75% and 100% WFPS, respectively) and the cumulative NO emissions (from 354 ± 25.9 to 774 ± 52.7 and from 117 ± 14.7 to 272 ± 19.4 at 75% and 100% WFPS, respectively) during 30 d. N<inf>2</inf>O/NO ratios were always smaller than 1 at 75% WFPS, ranging from 0.03 to 0.70, while always larger than 1 at 100% WFPS, ranging from 40.3 to 94.5, suggesting that the N<inf>2</inf>O and NO were emitted mainly from nitrification at 75% WFPS and denitrification at 100% WFPS. Thus nitrification and denitrification in the soil was also limited by P. We suggest soil microbial activities and the emissions of CO<inf>2</inf>, N<inf>2</inf>O, and NO in tropical forest might be limited by P availability, and P shortage in tropics might be suppressing the emissions of these unwelcomed gases.","PeriodicalId":262661,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126493081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prototype of PC based remote control of irrigation","authors":"M. Dursun, S. Ozden","doi":"10.1109/ICEEA.2010.5596141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEA.2010.5596141","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, more efficient and positive use of current water resources together with global warming becomes important. New technologies and ideas have been developed for many years to optimal use of water resources especially in agricultural field. Growers irrigate their own areas uniformly. However demand of water, fertilizer and agricultural chemicals are different for each trees or crops depending on plant ages and chemical content of soil. Determination of water demand for crops and trees is important to protect fresh water resources. In this study, a prototype of solar powered, low cost, remote controlled real time monitoring irrigation system was designed to control drip irrigation. Software (ValCon, developed by authors with C# language in Visual Studio.Net 2008 editor) was developed to control irrigation valve and monitor water content of soil. Control method of irrigation (automatic or manual) can be selected by users. Only water content of soil was monitored. Nevertheless by using sensors which measure other features of water or air, it is also possible to extend the designed system. Remote controlled site-specific irrigation scheme prevents moisture stress of trees and salification besides providing the efficient use of fresh water resources. Also, this irrigation method removes labour that is needed for flooding irrigation","PeriodicalId":262661,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133733433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential application of propionic acid modified sugarcane bagasse for removal of basic and acid dyes from industrial wastewater","authors":"Abdel El-Aziz A. Said, A. Aly, Mohamed M. M. Abd El-Wahab, S. A. Soliman, A. A. A. El-Hafez, V. Helmey, M. Goda","doi":"10.5923/J.RE.20120203.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5923/J.RE.20120203.03","url":null,"abstract":"Factors affecting the use of cheap and ecofriendly pretreated bagasse for potential removal of methylene blue (basic dye) and orange II (acid dye) from wastewater were studied. Sugarcane bagasse was pretreated with propionic acid with the aim to effectively adsorb the above mentioned two dyes at varying dye concentrations, adsorbent dosage, pH and contact time. The kinetics of dye sorption processes fit a pseudo-second-order for methylene blue and pseudo-first-order for orange II kinetic models. Adsorption isotherms fit well into the Langmiur equation, where the maximum sorption capacities are 59. 9 and 26.7 mg/g for methylene blue and orange II, respectively.","PeriodicalId":262661,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114689704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing allowable value of Electric Conductivity for monitoring groundwater based on the benchmark dose concept and its application","authors":"Hidenori Ito, Todd Saunders, J. Miyamoto, M. Nishiyama, Tsuyoshi Nakamura","doi":"10.1109/ICEEA.2010.5596121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEA.2010.5596121","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, a number of studies have pointed out that Electric Conductivity (EC) would be a very effective measure for monitoring the quality of ground water possibly polluted by sewage sludge or incineration ash leachate. However, few have explicitly determined the allowable limit of the EC value. Therefore, we have obtained the allowable limit of EC by applying the “benchmark dose (BMD)” method.","PeriodicalId":262661,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132202490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of wet and dry periods by Markov Chain Model in southern of Caspian sea","authors":"Z. H. Khoshghalb, A. Bigdeli, A. Eslami","doi":"10.1109/ICEEA.2010.5596098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEA.2010.5596098","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is about to analyze the dry and wet periods of spring and summer that are the agricultural and tourist seasons for this region. In order to approach to this goal, we used daily precipitation statistics data of the meteorology office of Rasht for a period of 11 years from 1997 to 2007 inclusive. We analyzed these data using Two State First-order Markov Chain Model and we also have determined the relating short term features of wet and dry periods like simple and ecological probabilities, Duration of wet and dry periods, mathematical expectations, and meteorological cycles. Analyzing the daily precipitation clarified the condition of spring and summer seasons from the viewpoint of wet and dry periods. The results expressed that the number of dry days were more than the number of wet days in summer. Also the probability of the occurrence of two successive dry days is more than the other probabilities both in spring and summer. The results also showed that no conspicuous difference between simple and ecological probabilities in our station of study is noted. The maximum of mathematical Expectation and meteorological cycle of dry periods in summers was more than that for spring and wet periods which shows that the dry periods expected for summer is more than that for spring and wet periods. The results of this research can be used for local planning and proper local anticipations.","PeriodicalId":262661,"journal":{"name":"2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132278217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}