{"title":"Cross-layer throughput optimization using adaptive PHY/MAC layer techniques: A unified approach","authors":"O. Odejide, A. Annamalai","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6140104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6140104","url":null,"abstract":"This article develops a unified mathematical framework for maximization of the user throughput over generalized wireless channels using the symbol rate, packet length and constellation size of two distinct classes of digital modulation schemes (M-PSK and M-QAM) as optimization variables. First, we show that the throughput optimization problem for truncated selective-repeat automatic repeat request (SR-ARQ) is identical to that of no retransmission case ( NRMAX = 0 ) or the conventional SR-ARQ ( NRMAX = ∞ ) protocol that guarantees the end-to-end delivery of packet. Subsequently, we derive optimization equations for each of the above degrees of freedom in closed-form. A simple algorithm for triplet-parameter optimization is also presented. Numerical results reveal that it is sufficient to adapt symbol rate alone in the low average signal-to-noise (SNR) regime while joint optimization of both the packet length and the constellation size parameters is required in the high average SNR regime, to achieve maximum throughput in a myriad of wireless fading environments.","PeriodicalId":262660,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126941584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Markov modeling of energy harvesting Body Sensor Networks","authors":"Joan Ventura, K. Chowdhury","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6139899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6139899","url":null,"abstract":"The emerging paradigm of wearable and implantable medical sensors has enabled continuous and unobtrusive monitoring for patients and human subjects, allowing them to continue their normal activities, and yet be assured of immediate response in case of a detected health emergency. Energy harvesting has been proposed as a viable scheme for powering such sensors as periodic retrievals for battery replacements may not be feasible. The current state of the art in energy harvesting allows tapping into several physical and naturally existing sources, such as solar, wind, vibration, RF scavenging, among others. However, there is a lack of theoretical models that can predict future consumption and residual availability of energy in a sensor node equipped with multiple boards that can simultaneously operate on different types of sources. In this paper, we propose MAKERS, a Markov model based method to capture the energy states of such sensors. MAKERS allows detailed prediction of the probability of a node failing to detect an event owing to lack of energy, which is a key design consideration for body sensor sensors.","PeriodicalId":262660,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132489364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two-level channel coding for cooperative wireless networks based on WiMAX LDPC codes","authors":"R. Morelos-Zaragoza, Nigel D'souza","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6139940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6139940","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a channel coding scheme is considered for a pair of cooperative broadcasting nodes in a cognitive wireless network. The scheme offers two levels of error protection using as components two low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes drawn from the IEEE 802.16e (WiMAX) specification. A modified version of the |u|u+v| code construction of Plotkin is employed, to obtain two values of error protection for two types messages, as follows. Each cooperating node transmits two sequences: For the first node, the first sequence is a modulated codeword m(v̄1) from a code C1, while the second node remains quiet. The second sequence sent by the first node is again m(v̄1) while the second code sends a modulated codeword m(v̄2) from a code C2. At the receiving node antenna, the sequences are superposed to construct an “over-the-air” modulated |u|u + v| code. Messages with a higher degree of error protection are intended for receiving nodes physically located far from the pair of cooperating nodes. The performance is examined of two-level codes using both BPSK/QPSK mappings and two 4-PAM mappings with two different levels of average energy, over both AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels.","PeriodicalId":262660,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131001649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-user cross-layer optimization for delay-sensitive applications over wireless multihop mesh networks","authors":"A. Awad, Omar A. Nasr, M. Khairy","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6139927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6139927","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the energy-limited wireless multihop mesh networks are considered. Minimizing the total transmission energy in the network, while satisfying the applications' delay constraints, is the target of our optimization problem. To achieve this goal, energy-efficient design should be supported across all layers of the protocol stack through a cross-layer design. This paper proposes energy-efficient joint routing, scheduling, and link adaptation strategies that minimize the total transmission energy in the network. The proposed cross-layer energy-aware algorithms allocate resources, dynamically according to channel quality and traffic load so as to minimize the overall transmission energy, while satisfying the given packets delay and bit error rate (BER) constraints. The resources considered are the transmitted power and modulation in the physical layer, scheduling in the link layer and routing in the network layer. In addition to the proposed optimal solution, suboptimum solutions are presented as well. The simulation results show that, under the same conditions, the proposed optimum algorithm has less energy consumption than routing algorithms that consider delay constraints only. Moreover, simulations show that the suboptimum algorithms have performance near to the optimum algorithm with a huge reduction in the complexity.","PeriodicalId":262660,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127859169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asynchronous receiver-initiated MAC protocol with the stair-like sleep in wireless sensor networks","authors":"Takahiro Wada, I-Te Lin, I. Sasase","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6140088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6140088","url":null,"abstract":"We propose the asynchronous receiver-initiated MAC protocol with the stair-like sleep that each node reduces its own sleep time by the sleep-change-rate depending on the number of hops from the source to the sink in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Using the stair-like sleep, our protocol achieves the high delivery ratio, the low packet delay, and the high energy efficiency due to the reduction of the idle listening time. Our protocol can formulate the upper bound of the idle listening time because of the feature that the sleep time decreases in the geometric progression, and the reduction of the idle listening time is obtained by using the stair-like sleep. In our proposed scheme, the sink calculates the sleep change rate based on the number of hops from the source to the sink. By using the control packets which have the role of ACK, our proposed protocol can achieve the stair-like sleep by no additional control packets. In addition, even in the network condition that multi-targets are detected, and hops to the sink are changed frequently, our proposed protocol can change the sleep change rate adaptively because the sink can always obtain the number of hops from the source to the sink. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol can improve the performances in the packet delivery ratio, the packet delay, and the energy efficiency compared to the conventional receiver-initiated MAC (RI-MAC) protocol.","PeriodicalId":262660,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127896444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prediction of frequency selective SIMO channels","authors":"Nico Palleit, T. Weber","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6139737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6139737","url":null,"abstract":"Many sophisticated transmission techniques, e.g., Tomlinson-Harashima precoding and bit loading require transmitter side channel state information. In frequency division duplex systems, only receiver side channel state information can be achieved by estimating the channel state information based on a priori known training signals. One possibility to obtain transmitter side channel state information is the prediction of the channel state information. Thus, prediction of the frequency selective channel transfer functions in multiple antenna systems is essential in order to exploit sophisticated transmission techniques. In this paper different prediction techniques are investigated. The performance of the prediction schemes are evaluated by means of real world measurements. The prediction is done by filtering the known channel transfer functions. The challenge is to adjust the filter coefficients. We present the Wiener filter solution. The Wiener filter solution needs the knowledge of the second-order channel statistics. Different techniques of achieving the second order channel statistics will be investigated. One of the presented techniques needs a feedback channel, which decreases the spectral efficiency. Furthermore, we will present the covariance method, which does not need any statistical information. The performance evaluation results show that the Wiener filter solution with feedback channel outperforms all other techniques in our measured indoor scenario.","PeriodicalId":262660,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128768159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wideband MIMO channel diagonalization in the time domain","authors":"R. Brandt, M. Bengtsson","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6139853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6139853","url":null,"abstract":"Methods for spatially diagonalizing wideband multiple-input multiple-output channels using linear finite impulse response (FIR) filters are investigated. The PSVD approach by applying the PQRD-BC algorithm for approximate singular value decomposition (SVD) of polynomial matrices is compared to the approach of performing a set of conventional SVDs in the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) domain, in terms of complexity and approximation error. Reduced order filters, based on the DFT-SVDs, are then obtained by optimizing the phases of the filters. Applying the phase optimized filters as linear filters then forms a benchmark on the accuracy attainable for any PSVD factorization, for the given filter length. Simulations show that the DFT-SVD method has significantly lower complexity than the PSVD by PQRD-BC, but results in higher order filters. On the other hand, the PSVD by PQRD-BC yields filters which are close to being perfectly unitary for all frequencies. To achieve good performance, the reduced order filters are around one order of magnitude longer than the channel impulse response length. Therefore there is no gain in performing time domain diagonalization using a polynomial SVD, compared to using a multicarrier solution.","PeriodicalId":262660,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128816934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Channel reciprocity of compact antenna array and the calibration","authors":"Jing Shi, Qinglin Luo, Huan Sun","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6139852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6139852","url":null,"abstract":"Channel reciprocity is regarded as one of the most important advantages of TDD systems. However, the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) channels are not actually reciprocal because of different characteristics of transmitters (TXs) and receivers (RXs). When the antenna elements are placed with large distance, the Radio Frequency (RF) gain mismatch of TXs and RXs is the dominant un-reciprocal factor, but if the antenna elements are placed close, such as compact antenna array, mutual coupling (MC) should be considered. In general, the MC effects for a transmitting and receiving array are different, even if the physical geometry of the array remains unchanged. Conventional reciprocity calibration methods mainly target at compensating RF gain mismatch and regard reciprocity error as diagonal matrix. However, the reciprocity error is no longer diagonal for compact antenna array due to the un-reciprocal MC of TXs and RXs, and thus the conventional calibration methods do not work in this scenario. In this paper, a comprehensive reciprocity error model is proposed firstly, and a combined MMSE and dot-division calibration scheme is then presented for calibrating MC and RF mismatch at the same time. Link level simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme. The calibration method can well calibrate the UL and DL channel reciprocity, and the performance can be boosted up to around 1dB∼2dB less than the ideal reciprocal case.","PeriodicalId":262660,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128872950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Raaf, W. Zirwas, K. Friederichs, E. Tiirola, M. Laitila, P. Marsch, R. Wichman
{"title":"Vision for Beyond 4G broadband radio systems","authors":"B. Raaf, W. Zirwas, K. Friederichs, E. Tiirola, M. Laitila, P. Marsch, R. Wichman","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6139944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6139944","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile communication systems have evolved over the past decades and each new generation brought new experience to the users enabled by technology innovations, while keeping some well established principles from previous generations. This trend continued up to LTE (Long Term Evolution) Advanced, the predominant 4th generation system which has just been standardized in 3GPP and is being rolled out soon. How will this trend continue to future systems which will be deployed in some 10 years from now which will be advanced enough to be called “Beyond 4G” (B4G)? This article presents how such B4G systems will look like and some key technologies they will rely on including versatile numerology, massive virtual MIMO from many base stations, both centralized and distributed architectures using fiber optics as backbone, advanced interference mitigation, cognitive self organization, and wideband RF radios.","PeriodicalId":262660,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125554825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study on design of spatial fading emulator based on Clarke's model","authors":"Daisuke Matsuo, Maki Arai, K. Sakaguchi, K. Araki","doi":"10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6139783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2011.6139783","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we describe a design method of a spatial fading emulator based on Clarke's model which is one of OTA (Over-The-Air) measurement systems for creating an artificial propagation environment for evaluation of multi-antenna handsets. The emulator is composed of scatterers located at equal angle intervals on a circle around the handset. For evaluating multi-antenna systems such as MIMO, OTA systems should generate multi-path propagation environment where spatial correlation is correctly realized. Spatial fading emulator based on Clarke's model with limited number of scatterers can generate the propagation environment inside a quiet zone where spatial correlation is correctly realized around the center of emulator. In this paper, we show that the size of quiet zone is derived by the Bessel function with the order of the number of scatterers. Furthermore, we show the variation of the size of quiet zone against the offset angle of test antennas. Finally, an equation for obtaining the required number of scatterers that satisfies required size of quiet zone is presented.","PeriodicalId":262660,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126628726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}