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2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering最新文献

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Arcing and fires - case studies 电弧和火灾-案例研究
2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering Pub Date : 2009-12-18 DOI: 10.1109/PSES.2009.5356014
J. Swart, J. Loud, D. Slee
{"title":"Arcing and fires - case studies","authors":"J. Swart, J. Loud, D. Slee","doi":"10.1109/PSES.2009.5356014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSES.2009.5356014","url":null,"abstract":"Broken extension cords, faulty switches, outlets and frayed wires are often cited as causes for fires. Many structure fires in the US are caused by arc faults of various types. In a fire investigation, the fire initiation source of energy and the initial propagating medium needs to be identified/understood in order to determine the root cause of the incident. This paper presents case studies describing arcing faults and the sequence of events that propagated into a fire.","PeriodicalId":262359,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123596877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Introduction to printed circuit board failures 印刷电路板故障介绍
2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering Pub Date : 2009-12-18 DOI: 10.1109/PSES.2009.5356012
D. Slee, J. Stepan, Wei Wei, J. Swart
{"title":"Introduction to printed circuit board failures","authors":"D. Slee, J. Stepan, Wei Wei, J. Swart","doi":"10.1109/PSES.2009.5356012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSES.2009.5356012","url":null,"abstract":"Printed circuit boards form the mechanical and electrical connections between electrical components in the complex circuits of modern electronic designs. Printed circuits not only interconnect components through conductors routed through the board with traces and vias, but also must provide effective electrical insulation between conductors of different potentials and in different circuit nodes. Printed circuits need to be mechanically robust to withstand the field conditions imposed while maintaining their electrically conductive and insulating properties. Electrical considerations or potential printed circuit board failure modes can be overlooked in physical circuit design. The large volume of typical consumer electronics products makes it important to consider low rate failure modes in physical circuit board design, particularly the modes of high severity. This paper will discuss lower rate failure modes that can produce outcomes ranging from simple circuit failure to burning propagating faults which may not be fail safe. Failure mechanisms of various root causes that manifest into more severe failures will be discussed; topics include interconnect overheating, contamination, electrochemical migration such as dendrite formation and conductive anodic filaments, tin whiskers, and component overheating and failures. Preventive measures in printed circuit board design will also be discussed.","PeriodicalId":262359,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130755278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Exploring medical device reliability and its relationship to safety and effectiveness 探索医疗器械可靠性及其与安全性和有效性的关系
2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering Pub Date : 2009-12-18 DOI: 10.1109/TCAPT.2010.2044093
S. Weininger, M. Pecht
{"title":"Exploring medical device reliability and its relationship to safety and effectiveness","authors":"S. Weininger, M. Pecht","doi":"10.1109/TCAPT.2010.2044093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAPT.2010.2044093","url":null,"abstract":"It may seem intuitive that reliability should be essential for modern products that need to be safe and effective, particularly health care and medical devices. It should come as no surprise to find reliability cited in regulations, engineering articles, and consensus standards. Yet typical industrial processes to achieve reliability often do not explicitly provide evidence to support a safety and effectiveness (S&E) argument. The lack of a consistent and standardized framework for achieving reliability tied explicitly to safety and effectiveness undermines the S&E evaluation. Regulators and manufacturers who are unable to take full advantage of the information generated by the reliability engineering process fail to maximize product S&E. This paper explores a reliability engineering framework to provide the arguments, claims and evidence important to product S&E, and the artifacts suitable for integrating reliability to S&E assessments.","PeriodicalId":262359,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134151327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
The selection and use of power strips 电源排的选择和使用
2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering Pub Date : 2009-12-18 DOI: 10.1109/PSES.2009.5356020
T. Eckert
{"title":"The selection and use of power strips","authors":"T. Eckert","doi":"10.1109/PSES.2009.5356020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSES.2009.5356020","url":null,"abstract":"Power strips are ubiquitous fixtures in the power distribution system. They are found in almost every home and office. Power strips are within equipment for power distribution. However, little care is often given to their safe use. These are devices with numerous limitations that are often overlooked. Understanding what they are, what they do and what they cannot do will help the designer to use them properly.","PeriodicalId":262359,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125307752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding fuse ratings 了解保险丝的额定值
2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering Pub Date : 2009-12-18 DOI: 10.1109/PSES.2009.5356028
T. Eckert
{"title":"Understanding fuse ratings","authors":"T. Eckert","doi":"10.1109/PSES.2009.5356028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSES.2009.5356028","url":null,"abstract":"Selecting a fuse is more than just about trip current. Proper fuse performance depends on many aspects of a fuse's design. Selecting the correct fuse requires determining the types of faults for which the fuse will provide protection. Selecting the correct trip current is only the start of the process of finding the correct fuse. Different applications will need consideration for the trip time delay, temperature rating, AC voltage rating, DC voltage rating and interrupt capacity. Fuse selection may also depend on the circuit into which a product is connected. Differences between North American and European classifications for fuses may further complicate the selection. Attention to all of the details of a design will help ensure that the fuse provides the proper protection for circuitry.","PeriodicalId":262359,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132619437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Safety of electrical equipment containing lead acid batteries 含铅酸电池的电气设备的安全
2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering Pub Date : 2009-12-18 DOI: 10.1109/PSES.2009.5356022
D. Gies
{"title":"Safety of electrical equipment containing lead acid batteries","authors":"D. Gies","doi":"10.1109/PSES.2009.5356022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSES.2009.5356022","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores, the need for ventilation of hydrogen gas and separation from arcing parts in electrical enclosures, construction guidelines and testing for ventilation, drawbacks in the use of venting tubes in un-vented enclosures, battery charging, wire sizing and insulation in light of high energy faults, wet cells vs. arrested electrolyte cells, and avoidance of thermal runaway hazards","PeriodicalId":262359,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126463940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Product design - how to get the design right the first time 产品设计——如何在第一时间做出正确的设计
2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering Pub Date : 2009-12-18 DOI: 10.1109/PSES.2009.5356006
Cherie Forbes
{"title":"Product design - how to get the design right the first time","authors":"Cherie Forbes","doi":"10.1109/PSES.2009.5356006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSES.2009.5356006","url":null,"abstract":"Many manufacturers design a product first, then attempt to “fix” the design later to meet the applicable safety standard. Prior knowledge of the applicable safety standard and its requirements for the product will help meet deadlines, keep design costs down, and result in a properly designed product.","PeriodicalId":262359,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134204022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
IEEE 1725 and battery powered products IEEE 1725和电池供电产品
2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering Pub Date : 2009-12-18 DOI: 10.1109/PSES.2009.5356015
S. Dalal, J. Swart, B. Pinnangudi
{"title":"IEEE 1725 and battery powered products","authors":"S. Dalal, J. Swart, B. Pinnangudi","doi":"10.1109/PSES.2009.5356015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSES.2009.5356015","url":null,"abstract":"IEEE 1725 standard was developed for rechargeable Lithium ion and Lithium polymer batteries used in cellular devices. The standard establishes criteria for design analysis quality and reliability. The CTIA - The Wireless Association developed a battery certification program to verify the conformance of cellular devices to IEEE 1725. The CTIA program categorizes the cellular device as a host and its subsystems. The subsystems consist of the cell, battery pack and the adapter. This paper describes the CTIA certification process and how it applies to a Lithium ion and Lithium polymer rechargeable battery powered cellular product.","PeriodicalId":262359,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122953688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Corona and arcing in power and RF devices 电源和射频设备中的电晕和电弧
2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering Pub Date : 2009-12-18 DOI: 10.1109/PSES.2009.5356021
D. Moongilan
{"title":"Corona and arcing in power and RF devices","authors":"D. Moongilan","doi":"10.1109/PSES.2009.5356021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSES.2009.5356021","url":null,"abstract":"The electric field between the surfaces of two conductors exceeds a critical value, a self sustaining ionizing discharge that typically occurs between the closest surface areas called corona. The corona initiates arcing and the arcing can ignite fire. There is both power loss and generation of RF interference during corona. Under certain circumstances corona could shorten the service-life of electrical insulations. The corona due to high frequency is still a research topic. Some studies indicate that corona due to RF fields occur at lower voltages compared to power frequencies. If the onset of corona is minimized, the arcing in electronic and electrical systems would be automatically eliminated. This paper describes corona onset characteristics under temperature, pressure and humidity changes in AC, DC and RF circuits. The multipacting discharge phenomena that occur in high voltage high RF frequency circuits are discussed. A frequency domain technique for measuring corona onset also discussed. The corona due to AC power voltages is modeled as RC equivalent circuit and rise time of corona is computed.","PeriodicalId":262359,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129450646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Emerging issues in regulations and standards: Sampling considerations within market surveillance actions 法规和标准中出现的问题:市场监督行动中的抽样考虑
2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering Pub Date : 2009-12-18 DOI: 10.1109/PSES.2009.5356011
I. Hendrikx, N. Tuneski
{"title":"Emerging issues in regulations and standards: Sampling considerations within market surveillance actions","authors":"I. Hendrikx, N. Tuneski","doi":"10.1109/PSES.2009.5356011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PSES.2009.5356011","url":null,"abstract":"Form the 1st of January 2010, the so called New Legal Framework on accreditation and market surveillance will be mandory in EU countries. This means in practice that for the market surveillance field, the member state authorities have to develop National Marker Surveillance Programmes and this in co-operation with other member states and the EC. This paper is dealing with an important issue when it comes to assess the products on the national market namely sampling. Inadequate sampling might lead to onerous results but also high costs. Two sampling methods are compared based on the ISO 2859-1 standard. Issues like statistics (sampling) are addressed but also definition of critical requirements, measurement uncertainty, risk assessment and visibility aspects. Finally the paper proposes a model to integrate these evolving issues.","PeriodicalId":262359,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE Symposium on Product Compliance Engineering","volume":"60 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120888149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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