The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights最新文献

Article 12(2) 第十二条(2)

The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights Pub Date : 2014-03-01 DOI: 10.5040/9781474200318.ch-009

Jo Shaw, Lamin Khadar

引用次数: 0

Article 39 第三十九条

The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/icsidreview/14.2.482

R. Shrestha, Taylor Stein, Julie K. Clark

{"title":"Article 39","authors":"R. Shrestha, Taylor Stein, Julie K. Clark","doi":"10.1093/icsidreview/14.2.482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/14.2.482","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes visitors' demand and estimates economic value for nature-based recreation in the Apalachicola River region in Florida using the travel cost method. This is of particular concern in Florida, where population density and number of annual tourists have risen dramatically and are projected to continue rising, putting pressure on natural areas to provide nature-based recreation. Five recreation areas were chosen for this study based on their level of development, access, and recreational opportunities. Fishing (25.7%), camping (16.5%), and hiking (13.9%) were most often rated as participants' most satisfying recreation activities. Those who find fishing and boating as the most satisfying recreational activities have higher trip demand in the Apalachicola River region. Of demographic variables, only education was a significant predictor of recreation trip demand, as frequent visitors are relatively less educated. The average economic value of nature-based recreation visits in the Apalachicola River region is $787.76 per trip. This relatively high amount is due to the higher amount multi-day trips typical to more undeveloped, pristine natural areas. When divided by the average number of days per trip, the amount is $74.18 per day. This is a relatively high value when compared to other studies; for example, an analysis of 30 years of outdoor recreation economic values revealed a value of $47.10 per day. Using the annual estimated recreation visits of 615,117 individuals, the aggregate economic value of the region is estimated to be $484.56 million, based mainly on the 87% of people who visit either Apalachicola National Forest (64%) and St. George Island State Park (23%). While increased development to increase visitors is important, the pristine, undeveloped state of the Apalachicola River region clearly creates a high demand and overall economic value for recreation in this region and should also be preserved. In addition, those who visit undeveloped sites also visit sites in the region regularly, so providing greater opportunities to access these areas and informing the public of their existence is also important.","PeriodicalId":262261,"journal":{"name":"The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights","volume":"240 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134629937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Article 17(1) 第十七条(1)

The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5040/9781509933495.0024

引用次数: 0

Mutual Trust and the Charter: A Salutary Irish Example 相互信任与《宪章》:爱尔兰有益的榜样

The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5040/9781509933495.0067

引用次数: 0

Fundamental Social Rights in the Charter – Are They Rights? Are They Fundamental? 《宪章》中的基本社会权利——它们是权利吗?它们是基本的吗?

The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5040/9781509933495.0071

引用次数: 0

EU Accession to the ECHR 欧盟加入欧洲人权公约

The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5040/9781509933495.0072

引用次数: 0

The Implementation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights by the EU Member States (as Reflected in the Work of the EU Fundamental Rights Agency) 欧盟成员国执行《基本权利宪章》的情况(反映在欧盟基本权利机构的工作中)

The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5040/9781509933495.0068

引用次数: 0

The Asymmetrical Impact of Article 47 of the Charter on National and EU Remedies 《宪章》第47条对国家和欧盟救济的不对称影响

The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5040/9781509933495.0065

引用次数: 0

Article 36 第三十六条

The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/9783845276564-979

P. Mankowski

引用次数: 20

Article 35 第三十五条

The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.5040/9781509933495.0043

Christopher G. Leggett, N. Bockstael, Anne Arundel

{"title":"Article 35","authors":"Christopher G. Leggett, N. Bockstael, Anne Arundel","doi":"10.5040/9781509933495.0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509933495.0043","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effect water quality has on property values in Maryland's Anne Arundel County, located along the western shore of Chesapeake Bay. The study uses hedonic pricing techniques to accomplish this, which was an area lacking examination at the time this paper was written. The problem lies in how scientific water quality variables used (such as dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus) cannot be perceived by homeowners like air particulates can in air pollution. It is only when algae blooms and fish kills occur that homeowners notice, which is related to the perceived water clarity. The water quality variable used is fecal coliform bacteria and willingness to pay (WTP) is estimated for marginal improvements in this variable and a onetime improvement in a particular area. The model estimates fecal coliform count significantly decreases property values. The study was also able to address many of the statistical faults previously encountered in hedonic pricing techniques when reaching all of these values. A change of 100 fecal coliform counts per 100 mL is estimated to produce a 1.5% negative change in property prices. This is a significant amount of change in the fecal coliform count, but a wide variety of values was measured and must be accounted for. For the eight specifications of the variables lot size and water quality, the range of mean effect on predicted price for a 100 count change is from a low of $5,114 to a high of $9,824. To test the specific site improvement now that fecal coliform levels are shown to depress property values, a particular area of 41 residential parcels suffering from fecal coliform counts ranging from 50 counts per 100 mL to 240 counts per 100 mL is used to demonstrate the model's effectiveness. The projected increase in property values based on a 100 counts per 100 mL decrease was approximately $230,000, or about 2% of the aggregate assessed value over $10 million dollars. In order for all properties in the area to achieve 200 counts per 100 mL, or the state standard, 494 properties would need improvement that would benefit by $12.145 million dollars in property value increase (although the estimate is likely an upper bound).","PeriodicalId":262261,"journal":{"name":"The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116071031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10