Diffusion Foundations and Materials Applications最新文献

{"title":"4D Printing of Shape Memory Polymers: A Concise Review of Photopolymerized Acrylate-Based Materials","authors":"Rhaye Stephen B. Sosa, Davison T. Baldos, B. Basilia","doi":"10.4028/p-46xy6h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-46xy6h","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a concise review on 4D printing of shape memory polymers that focuses on the use of acrylate-based materials using photopolymerization. Stereolithography (SLA), Digital Light Processing (DLP), Inkjet Printing (IJP), and UV assisted Direct ink Writing (UV-DIW) are the photopolymerization printing techniques that uses acrylate-based materials. These acrylate-based feedstocks will be polymerized during printing by the presence of UV light to form shape memory polymers (SMPs). Acrylate-based SMPs will change their shape in response to heat, water, light, and pH. Demonstrated applications of these 4D printed acrylate-bases SMPs are in biomedical, soft robotics, flexible electronics, and structural materials. However, 4D printing is still in the early stage and there are a lot of challenges like enhancing mechanical properties, biocompatibility, limited kind of SMPs, high cost of 4D printing system, and many more that needs to be addressed before a viable product can be produced.","PeriodicalId":262023,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion Foundations and Materials Applications","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129249201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Philippine Halloysite on Thermal and Mechanical Performance of Poly(Lactic Acid) Filament for FDM Printing Applications","authors":"Sharyjel R. Cayabyab, Salvador Gelilang, Nolan Villanueva, Jenny Lyn Laga, Lumen Milo, Marissa A. Paglicawan, J. Celorico, B. Basilia","doi":"10.4028/p-8k4r2q","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-8k4r2q","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing can be utilized to harness developments in polymer research. This study aims to investigate the effect of Philippine halloysite on poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filament for 3D printing using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). PLA-based filaments with halloysite powders were prepared by melt-compounding using a twin-screw extruder. The chemical composition and morphology of the halloysite powder was determined using XRD and SEM, respectively. Composite filament with 3% halloysite (PLA/HSC) was developed and characterized. The thermal properties of pure PLA and PLA/HSC were measured using DSC and TGA. CAD files for XRD analysis and tensile tests were generated using SolidWorks computer software (Dassault Systemes). Printability of pure PLA and the composite filament was observed by using Ultimaker S5 3D printer. The effect on chemical composition and mechanical performance of the 3D printed specimens was evaluated using XRD and UTM, respectively. XRD result confirmed the presence of dehydrated halloysite clay mineral. SEM image revealed the spherical morphology of the halloysite powder with average particle size of 72.472 nm. DSC analysis showed that incorporation of halloysite powder filaments had slightly decreased the glass transition of pure PLA matrix. This could be attributed to the enhanced mobility of polymeric chains by plasticization. Moreover, the melting temperature of PLA/HSC composite has slightly higher value than pure PLA filament owing to increased crystallinity imparted by the halloysite particles. With high stability of halloysite at elevated temperatures, the thermal stability of PLA/HSC filament was also enhanced. Mechanical performance of pure PLA was also improved with addition of halloysite. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of pure PLA matrix increased by 180.32% and 143.96%, respectively which could be due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between PLA matrix and halloysite particles. Digital micrographs of the fractured surface reveal that tensile pieces predominantly ruptured by brittle fracture.","PeriodicalId":262023,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion Foundations and Materials Applications","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129209111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and Optical Study of Black P- Silicon Textured in KOH Bath","authors":"I. Ibrahim, Z. M. Noori, Hussam Muhsin Hwail, M. M. Abdullah","doi":"10.4028/p-94981s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-94981s","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the temperature and the concentration dependence of anisotropic etching for (100) p-Silicon in an aqueous KOH solution etching rate of wet etching has been experimentally determined with varying concentrations and the temperature of the KOH solution. The texturing process was managed at different etching durations ( 20 min, 40 min, and 60 min). XRD test showed that the lowest value of grain size was 5.0 nm (obtained with the highest porosity percentage of 50% with 4.5% KOH concentration for 60 min). FESEM test showed that the pore diameter increased with increasing etching time. The lowest reflectance value was (2.8 % at 550 nm wavelengths for samples treated with 4.5% KOH concentration for 60 min etching time. The refractive index value was 1.8 for the same black Si sample, also Hall test is introduced.","PeriodicalId":262023,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion Foundations and Materials Applications","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129856134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Void Content Measurement of the 3D Printed PEEK Materials by X-Ray Micro Computed Tomography","authors":"Carlo S. Emolaga, P. A. D. De Yro, Shaun Angelo C. Arañez, J. P. Reyes, Brigida A. Visaya, B. Basilia, A. M. Monsada, R. Advíncula","doi":"10.4028/p-c00t77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-c00t77","url":null,"abstract":"Additive Manufacturing (AM) is revolutionizing the manufacturing industry as various AM technologies continue to mature and more AM-compatible materials are being developed. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is one of the promising materials at the forefront of this technological revolution as efforts to enhance its application as a 3D-printing material are continuously being pursued. In this study, the effect of printing parameters on the void content of 3D-printed PEEK was examined using a non-destructive method, X-ray micro computed tomography (X-ray micro-CT). Of the fused filament fabrication (FFF) parameters considered, higher nozzle temperature and printing speed were seen to promote an increase in void content while higher build plate temperature reduces it. Void content has a direct effect on the mechanical and other properties of the manufactured material and therefore provides a link between the printing parameters and the expected mechanical performance of these materials. This study also highlights the importance of choosing the right printing parameters to ensure the quality of the manufactured PEEK.","PeriodicalId":262023,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion Foundations and Materials Applications","volume":"181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127586022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the Effects of Infill Patterns and Fiber Loading on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Tobacco Stalks-PLA Composites Using X-Ray Tomography","authors":"Mark Anthony R. Agbayani, Carlo S. Emolaga, Aldrin Jan E. Tabuso, Marissa A. Paglicawan","doi":"10.4028/p-jqvw66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-jqvw66","url":null,"abstract":"This study utilized the Philippine burley and native tobacco as reinforcing materials to Polylactic Acid (PLA) in creating novel natural fiber-thermoplastic 3D printing filaments. As a new material for 3D printing, the effects of fiber loading, fiber species, and printing pattern on the mechanical properties of the tobacco fiber-PLA composites were investigated. Regardless of tobacco species and fiber loading, the honeycomb pattern showed superior tensile strength than its rectilinear counterpart. The same trend was also observed in the impact strength of some tobacco-PLA samples. Increase in fiber loading on the other hand, decreased the flexural strength and flexural modulus of the tobacco fiber-PLA composites. The trends in the mechanical properties were then analyzed using 3D X-Ray Computed Tomography, which allowed analysis and visualization of voids and layer patterns.","PeriodicalId":262023,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion Foundations and Materials Applications","volume":"351 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122839198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Printing in the Water Treatment Industry","authors":"J. Koo, Jia Shin Ho, J. An, Yi Zhang, C. Chua, T. H. Chong","doi":"10.4028/p-s3n109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-s3n109","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of 3D printing in the past few decades propelled many ground-breaking developments in the water treatment industry. More specifically, 3D printing has the unique advantage of prototyping parts of high complexity with acute precision within a short period of time. Innovative feed spacers and membranes, which could not be fabricated using conventional methods, can now be 3D printed and evaluated in actual filtration experiments. However, there are still limitations to 3D printing such as the printing resolution, build volume and printing speed which poses some problems, especially in the fabrication of membranes. This paper presents a comprehensive and critical discussion on the 3D printed feed spacer and membrane prototypes from a 3D printing perspective.","PeriodicalId":262023,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion Foundations and Materials Applications","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124588287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Simulation of 3D-Printed Wastewater Filter Column Rototypes with Various Flow Configurations","authors":"Jose Bernardo L. Padaca III, Alvin M. Buison, Jordan F. Madrid, Maria Angela B. Faustino, Leif Oliver B. Coronado, Laureen Ida M. Ballesteros, Patrick Jay E. Cabalar, John Andrew A. Luna, Joseph Alfred V. Garcia, Fred P. Liza","doi":"10.4028/p-p31f6z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-p31f6z","url":null,"abstract":"Chromium ions and other heavy metals discarded from major industries, if left unchecked, will make their way into waterways and may contaminate food crops, which can cause various chronic and acute health problems. As such, the Department of Science and Technology - Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (DOST-PNRI) developed radiation-grafted wastewater filters that selectively collect trivalent chromium ions from wastewater. To house these filters with the appropriate flow characteristics, column enclosures suitable for rapid prototyping via additive manufacturing, were designed and simulated. The column has two main components: the main chamber, which houses the filter; and an inner core, where the filter fabric is wound, and which evenly distributes the water flow along its length. Different core slit configurations were presented, giving emphasis on the flow uniformity, with the aim of maximizing the filter life.","PeriodicalId":262023,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion Foundations and Materials Applications","volume":"44 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120870726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite Element Analysis and Material Selection of 3D-Printed External Metacarpal Fixator Clamp","authors":"Leif Oliver B. Coronado, Ulysses B. Ante, Johann Rafael Biscocho, Carlos Emmanuel Garcia, Joseph Alfred V. Garcia, Alvin M. Buison, Fred P. Liza, Denise Daryl A. Florante, Jose Bernardo L. Padaca III, Eduardo Magdaluyo Jr, Nathaniel S. Orillaza, Jr., Emmanuel P. Estrella","doi":"10.4028/p-911b87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-911b87","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most common orthopedic injuries is fracture found on the metacarpal bones of the hand. It is composed of 14-28 % emergency room cases in hospitals. Despite its frequent occurrence, they are often neglected which may lead to major disability or deformity that limits movement. This is merely due to the high cost of treatment which includes the usage of an external metacarpal fixator. In this paper, an external metacarpal fixator clamp with additive manufacturing polymer material is evaluated based on scenarios of flexural and compressive load on the metacarpal bone with simulated fracture. The material is selected using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) multi-attribute decision making. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is also done with increasing load per scenario. The result shows nylon as a suitable polymer additive manufacturing material for external metacarpal fixator. The equivalent stress on the fixator clamp and the deformation at a maximum load of 120 N is less than 1 Mpa and 0.5 mm, respectively. This comprises the suitability of 3D printed polymer material for an external metacarpal application. Future studies of comparison of FEA simulation and actual 3D printed part is recommended.","PeriodicalId":262023,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion Foundations and Materials Applications","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128625536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active and Passive Solutions for an Energy Efficient Building","authors":"Gabriel Teixeira, A. S. Guimarães, J. Delgado","doi":"10.4028/p-09fygx","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-09fygx","url":null,"abstract":"In addition, the majority of electricity consumed in buildings (58%) should come from renewable sources. Together with solar thermal, modern biomass, and district heating, overall renewables could ramp up to 81%, from 36% today’s contribution for the sector. Nonetheless, to materialize these predictions, a global investment of around USD 32 trillion (28 trillion euros) is expected between now and 2050. In the European Union, the nearly zero-energy building standard (nZEB) will be obligatory for all new buildings by 2021. Although the increase in energy demand will be reduced with this measure, it does not really affect the energy consumption at present. It is imperative to design energy efficiency retrofit and renovation financing schemes. For many years to come, only measures taken in existing buildings will have a significant effect on the total energy demand in the building stock. Firstly, this work presents a brief analysis of active and passive solutions for an energy-efficient building. Secondly, in this work it identified a set of active and passive solutions, which, in a combined way, develop the thermal performance of a residential building, allowing it to become energetically autonomous. The program EnergyPlus was used to execute the thermo-energetic simulations for the diverse scenarios considered, in the study case. The numerical results showed that the implementation of passive solutions improves the energy performance of the buildings, and the use simultaneously of an active solution, a renewable energy source, allows the reach of the energy-autonomous of the building.","PeriodicalId":262023,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion Foundations and Materials Applications","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134646607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soluble Salts Transport in Building Materials","authors":"A. Albuquerque, J. Delgado","doi":"10.4028/p-v8s6zp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-v8s6zp","url":null,"abstract":"The most widely used materials in building construction are porous materials and the combined effect of rising dampness with soluble salts is one major problem. This phenomenon is caused by the migration of the salt ions dissolved in water into the porous network of the construction materials in the building walls, which causes fractures in the materials after several cycles of crystallization/dissolution. This work presents an extensive experimental campaign with different cycles of water absorption (capillarity absorption tests) and drying (drying tests). The samples of building material used are red brick, and the samples were, previously, submitted to capillarity absorption tests with two different saturated solutions (sodium sulphate and potassium chloride). The results showed that the two salts studied influence the porous materials and their capillary coefficient in clearly different ways and the samples immersed in sodium chloride present higher drying rates than those immersed in a saturated sodium sulphate solution.","PeriodicalId":262023,"journal":{"name":"Diffusion Foundations and Materials Applications","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116746338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}