Heritage at Risk最新文献

{"title":"Initiatives of ICOMOS to Improve the Protection and Conservation of Heritage Sites Facing Natural Disasters and Climate Change","authors":"Dinu Bumbaru","doi":"10.11588/HR.2008.0.23266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/HR.2008.0.23266","url":null,"abstract":"The organisation of this symposium by ICoMos Germany with the help of the Faculty of architecture at the technical university of dresden in the context of a vast international event like denkmal 2006 is a noteworthy initiative. It provides a valuable opportunity to address the pressing subject of natural disasters and cultural heritage by bringing together a diversity of conservation, restoration and heritage management professionals as well as academics and enterprises. Indeed, one of the great needs in our field is the development and better use of a diversity of skills, knowledge, experience, technologies and other resources to accomplish the goals of conservation. Whether they are defined by international conventions like the 1972 World Heritage Convention of unesCo, national legislation like the ones in most countries or the will of a local community or volunteer organisations, these goals are set to ensure a better future for cultural heritage. today’s world presents many specific threats to the historic monuments and buildings of all ages, to archaeological sites or to heritage ensembles like cities or landscapes. Many of these threats result from the development models adopted by societies over the last few decades. In europe and now in asia, atmospheric pollution dissolved in a few years the stone and painted masterworks that had survived over centuries of iconoclasm and war. Massive infrastructure projects destroyed vast areas of century–old landscapes and thousands of irreplaceable archaeological sites. urban renewal turned into »urban removal« as thousands of monuments, neighbourhoods, houses or streetscapes were demolished, paving the way for the great homogenization of european, american or asian cities, erasing their distinctive character. disappearance of skills and the culture of maintenance lead to the decay and eventual loss of thousands of historic vernacular buildings and structures. other important damage and losses are caused by looters, vandals, rioters or various militias or warring factions. The ICoMos Heritage at risk reports, published since 2000 with the essential support of ICoMos Germany and its partners, offer a vast sampling of such man-made disasters. For these, human societies can identify the sources of the destruction within themselves and, hopefully, also the means to bring change through some sustainable development policies, legislation or reconciliation processes. yet, a large number of historic monuments or heritage structures, sites or areas are also lost every year to natural events such as lightning, windstorms, floods, hurricanes, bush fires, landslides or earthquakes. These are not »disasters as such« but as a result of their impacts on human societies and individuals. on 26 december 2004, the international community was shocked by the earthquake and resulting tsunami that caused close to 300 000 casualties across the Indian ocean, affecting over 40 countries or their population, including a signific","PeriodicalId":261832,"journal":{"name":"Heritage at Risk","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134364675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Tsunami Redevelopment and the Cultural Sites of the Maritime Provinces in Sri Lanka","authors":"P. Wijeratne","doi":"10.11588/HR.2008.0.23257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/HR.2008.0.23257","url":null,"abstract":"Many a scholar or traveller in the past described sri lanka as »the Pearl of the Indian ocean« for its scenic beauty and nature’s gifts, the golden beaches, the cultural riches and the mild weather. on that fateful day of 26 december 2004, within a matter of two hours, this resplendent island was reduced to a »tear drop in the Indian ocean.« The Indian ocean tsunami waves following the great earthquake off the coast of sumatra in the republic of Indonesia swept through most of the maritime provinces of sri lanka, causing unprecedented damage to life and property. There was no sri lankan who did not have a friend or relation affected by this catastrophe. It also brought about a new dimension in the hearts of the people of a nation that has seen over two decades of internal conflict based on ethnic issues. a national spirit arose amongst the people so that they shed their differences, whether they be based on cast, creed, religion, race or politics, to help fellow beings. even though sri lankans had not experienced or heard of any disasters of such magnitude, they avoided starvation and epidemics amongst the refugees by getting over the initial shock very quickly and rushing to the rescue of the suffering countrymen. The first load of relief items such as food, drinking water, clothing and dry rations reached the devastated areas within the first twenty-four hours. In some areas, the existence of extended family links, so much a part of the sri lankan way of life, was used to house the displaced. This initial public reaction was quickly supported by the government and the international community who felt strongly about what they witnessed in the electronic media. The professional institutes in sri lanka rallied round to provide their services in an honorary capacity. doctors and medical students volunteered to run makeshift health camps. The Institute of architects and the Institute of engineers declared that their members would provide the necessary services at no cost to help in the development of social, physical and environmental infrastructure facilities.","PeriodicalId":261832,"journal":{"name":"Heritage at Risk","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133809084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flood Protection and Heritage Conservation in Large Cities. Case Study of Hamburg. Hochwasserschutz und Großstadtdenkmalpflege. Erfahrungen aus Hamburg","authors":"Dieter Polkowski","doi":"10.11588/hr.2008.0.23259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/hr.2008.0.23259","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":261832,"journal":{"name":"Heritage at Risk","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134242457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors and Conference Speakers. Autoren und Tagungsreferenten","authors":"Die Redaktion","doi":"10.11588/hr.2008.0.23271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/hr.2008.0.23271","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":261832,"journal":{"name":"Heritage at Risk","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129962034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a More Strategic Approach to Disaster Risk Reduction","authors":"Joseph King, G. Wijesuriya","doi":"10.11588/HR.2008.0.23247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/HR.2008.0.23247","url":null,"abstract":"It is evident that the damage from disasters, including to heritage resources, is increasing every year with tragic consequences for people and their livelihoods. It is believed that the risks from disasters can be significantly reduced through appropriate policies, practices, and proper planning. The intention of this paper is to highlight some of the efforts made by ICCroM (International Centre for the study of the Preservation and restoration of Cultural Property) together with its partners in achieving these objectives. Furthermore, the paper highlights one of the activities recently carried out on the theme of integrating traditional knowledge systems into risk management strategies. ICCroM over the last years has worked with its Member states and partners to address the issues relevant to disaster risk planning and management by understanding the existing knowledge gaps and developing appropriate approaches to address them. attention has also been paid to understanding the role of heritage in disaster risk reduction, as this paper will emphasize. In the process of working on our activities in this field, it was revealed that there is a lack of sufficient capacity within the heritage field to effectively plan for disaster risk, and a lack of resource materials to support those in charge of planning for disaster risk. as an initial response to these two important problems, in 1998 ICCroM, in cooperation with ICoMos and the unesCo World Heritage Centre, published Management Guidelines for Risk Preparedness for World Cultural Heritage by Herb stovel, which has been widely diffused and has been translated into several languages. Furthermore, with assistance from the World Heritage Centre, ICCroM developed a set of training materials which have been tested in a number of countries. risk management components have also been incorporated into various training programmes of ICCroM, and a specific line of action on Museum emergency Planning has been introduced in conjunction with ICoM and the Getty Conservation Institute. Activities","PeriodicalId":261832,"journal":{"name":"Heritage at Risk","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127987928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of Cultural Property through Natural Disasters – Prevention through Risk Management: An Approach. Kulturgüterverlust durch Naturkatastrophen – Prävention durch Risk Management: ein Ansatz","authors":"R. Ebnöther, S. Thurnherr","doi":"10.11588/hr.2008.0.23246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/hr.2008.0.23246","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":261832,"journal":{"name":"Heritage at Risk","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117269793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Management for the Recovery Project of Bam’s Cultural Heritage","authors":"Abdolrasool Vatandoust, Eskandar Mokhtari Taleqani, M. Nejati","doi":"10.11588/HR.2008.0.23248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/HR.2008.0.23248","url":null,"abstract":"a disastrous earthquake in the morning of 26 december 2003 caused the inhabitants of one of the oldest cities in Iran to mourn the deaths of almost half of its population. It caused serious and extended damage to one of the world’s largest cities made of earthen architecture. The extent of the disaster was such that even now, nearly four years later, the people have not yet recovered spiritually or psychologically. no doubt, the suffering that resulted from this earthquake has caused many changes in the social and political structure of the city. all that has happened in Bam after the earthquake has been closely connected to the arg-e Bam, which is the most important landmark of the city. The arg and the other historic buildings in the city are symbols of Iranian art and tradition and stand for the will of a nation to create such a beautiful city by using the most elementary building material (fig. 1 and 2). Fig. 1 The Arg and the other historic buildings of the city as symbols of Iranian art and tradition","PeriodicalId":261832,"journal":{"name":"Heritage at Risk","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126664369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contact Information. Kontaktinformationen","authors":"Die Redaktion","doi":"10.11588/HR.2008.0.23272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/HR.2008.0.23272","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":261832,"journal":{"name":"Heritage at Risk","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123198076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space-Time Risks and the Ideal of Long-Term Stability. Räumliche-zeitliche Risiken und das Ideal langfristiger Stabilität","authors":"Uta Hassler","doi":"10.11588/HR.2008.0.23265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/HR.2008.0.23265","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":261832,"journal":{"name":"Heritage at Risk","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128496187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Umm er Rasas, a World Heritage Site, Mysterious and Hidden. Preventive Measures against Damage from Earthquakes and Heavy Rains","authors":"Wolfgang Koellisch","doi":"10.11588/HR.2008.0.23249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11588/HR.2008.0.23249","url":null,"abstract":"umm er rasas is located about 70 kilometres south east of amman, the capital city of jordan. The site is situated on the edge of the desert. In 2004 unesCo inscribed umm er rasas as the third World Heritage site in jordan. owing to the richness of the inscriptions, the quality of the mosaics and the stylite tower, umm er rasas is one of the most important archaeological monuments in jordan. umm er rasas can be translated in two ways: the mother of lead or the mother of exact stone building. There is no evidence of lead used or found at the location, but there is stone masonry of good quality; therefore, we believe the stone translation is more plausible. We can identify umm er rasas with Kastron Mefaa, a toponym known from roman and arabic sources and from the Bible. eusebius mentions that a unit of the roman army was stationed on the edge of the desert at Mephaat (onomasticon 128. 21). The identification of Kastron Mefaa is based primarily on the name found in the inscriptions and is reinforced by the discovery of a reused basalt pillar base with a decoration of calyx leaves dated to the Iron age (7th–8th centuries B. C.). In 1807 the explorer ulrich jasper seetzen recorded the site, which was thereafter visited by a number of travellers. In 1872 Henry Baker tristram camped at umm er rasas and accurately described the ruins. He identified the high and strong walls as a fortified roman camp. auxiliary cavalry troops of the roman army were stationed in the camp of Mefaa under the command of the dux arabiae. The military nature of the locality is underlined by the name Kastron (fort) Mefaa, which is recorded three times in the Greek inscriptions of the Church of saint stephen and is also found in the mosaics of the Church of the lions. The complex of saint stephen’s is located north of the Kastron. excavation of the mosaic floor in the church revealed a work of creative genius (fig. 1 and 2). to see so many churches—more than 40 have already been discovered—on the edge of the desert, concentrated at the site and more than 30 kilometres away from the next important town, is baffling. The »mosaic carpet« from 756 in the Church of st stephen tells us about important cities in the nile delta as well as about animals and people. unfortunately, nearly all the human faces were destroyed by iconoclasts. Iconoclasts also destroyed all the figures in the hunting, agricultural and pastoral scenes. The mosaic floors, precious examples of cheerful Christian expressiveness in art, are masterpieces and still move visitors today. umm er rasas lies 34 kilometres to the east of the northsouth oriented dead sea transform fault zone. The siwaqa","PeriodicalId":261832,"journal":{"name":"Heritage at Risk","volume":"9 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122342333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}