American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Laterality of Static and Dynamic Balance Abilities during One-leg Standing","authors":"H. Aoki, S. Demura, H. Hirai","doi":"10.12691/AJSSM-6-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJSSM-6-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"Lower human limbs may not show laterality, differing from preferential use of upper limbs, because both legs are generally used at the same time. This study examined laterality of static and dynamic balance abilities during one-leg standing. The subjects were 100 healthy male university students (age 19.6 ± 2.4 years，height 172.3 ± 6.2 cm, weight 64.8 ± 8.5 kg). All subjects were judged right-leg dominant based on a previous survey. They underwent static and dynamic balance tests with each lower limb. A total path length during one-leg standing on a fixed stabilometer for the static balance test and an omnidirectional stability index during one-leg standing on an unstable platform (DYJOC Board) for the dynamic balance test was each used as an evaluation parameter. The mean of two trials was used as a representative value in each test. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) in both balance tests were very high (ICC = 0.75-0.91). A non-significant difference between means of dominant and non-dominant legs was found in both tests; their correlations were significant and high (0.93 and 0.75). In addition, a correlation between dynamic and static balance tests in both legs was found be significant but low (0.21-0.25). In conclusion, the laterality is not found in the static and dynamic balance abilities during one-leg standing evaluated by the tests selected in this study, and the relation between both abilities is negligible size.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130425796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Males and Females Practicing Swimming from Higher School of Zimbabwe","authors":"Dube Adiele, G. P. Morgan","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20180601.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20180601.12","url":null,"abstract":"An epidemiological survey was conducted to collect data relating to the prevalence and frequency of musculoskeletal injuries in Zimbabwean high school male and female swimmers. A questionnaire was administered on site thus ensuring that the response rate was 100 percent. Analysis of results revealed that of the 45 respondents there were 22 male (48.9%) and 23 female subjects (51.1%). A total of 27 swimmers (60% hence 16 male; 11 females); 59.26% and 40.74% respectively reported that they had musculoskeletal problems and pain mainly shoulder problems (males = 62% and females = 57.1%), followed by knee injuries (males = 20.6% and females = 16.7%), and low back pain region (males = 17.1% and females = 26.2%). There was a statistical significance in injury difference between male and female high school swimmers (t= 2.46, p= 0.031). Considering the difference of injuries with respect to strokes significant injuries difference were found in Back Strokes (p= 0.034) and Butterfly (p= 0.018). However, no significant difference were found in Breast Stroke (p= 0.567) and Crawl (p= 0.852). Musculoskeletal injuries are common in high school male and female swimmers. Correct stroke technique and stroke alterations may help to prevent injuries and care must be taken for their prevention and early safe return to play.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130207522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of High and Low-Dose Cordyceps Militaris-Containing Mushroom Blend Supplementation After Seven and Twenty-Eight Days","authors":"W. Dudgeon, D. Thomas, W. Dauch, T. Scheett, M. Webster","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20180601.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20180601.11","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to examine the aerobic performance effect of 1) low-dose mushroom blend supplementation (1.0 - 2.0 g/day) over a prolonged time period of 28 days compared to a placebo and 2) a higher dose of PeakO2 (12 g/day) for seven days compared to placebo supplementation. For Trial 1, 40 young adult (19-34 yrs) subjects met participation criteria and were randomized into one of two groups. The treatment group (T, n=23) consumed 1.0-2.0 g /day of mushroom blend (PeakO2) along with 2.0g of Gatorade powder for 28 days. The control group (C, n=17) consumed placebo (whole wheat flour) and Gatorade powder in identical fashion. At baseline each participant completed a maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) test, which included a 5-minute economy state from minutes 3-8 along with a Wingate cycle ergometer test (peak power) at least 24 hrs later. Forty-three young adult subjects met participation criteria for Trial 2 and were randomized into one of two groups. T (n=29), consumed 12.0 g /day of mushroom blend (PeakO2) along with 12.0 g of Gatorade powder for one week. C (n=14) consumed placebo (whole wheat flour) and Gatorade powder in identical fashion There were no differences between groups in any variables at baseline. After 28 days of supplementation, T had a significant increase (< 0.05) in time to fatigue, a significant increase in VO2peak (p < 0.05) and a reduction in blood lactate (p < 0.05) during the economy phase. Analysis for trial 2 was conducted stratifying each group by VO2peak at baseline, in which the top 50% of each group was compared to the bottom 50% (Treatment top, MT, Treatment bottom, MB, Control top, CT, Control bottom, CB). The MB group experienced significant (p<0.05) increases in VO2peak. MB increased VO2max significantly (p < 0.05) while MT, CT, and CB did not change significantly. The MT group experienced a significant 3 bpm drop in economy HR from pre- to post-testing (p < 0.05). The PT demonstrated a significant 4.5% increase in peak power from pre- to post-testing (p < 0.05). No other changes were detected. These data suggest that longer duration, lower dose, supplementation of PeakO2 appears to improve endurance performance in apparently healthy young adults. Further, short duration supplementation of higher doses of PeakO2 may improve performance, but differing effects may occur based upon fitness level.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133992913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Performance and the Possible Challenges of North Shewa Debre Berhan Town Football Team Players as a Function of Quality Training","authors":"Arefayne Mesfen, Tewodros Abir, Alemayehu Ejigu","doi":"10.12691/AJSSM-6-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJSSM-6-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to study the North Shewa Zone’s Debre Berhan town football team players alternative affecting variables that would enhance quality training by improving the performance of the team. The sample of the subject consists of 1 football coach and 25 players. To conduct this study both quantitative and qualitative method with descriptive survey design was employed. A variable data were suggested to create the function of quality training has a significant impact to play quality training in football. The result of the study indicates that some variables affect the performance of North Shewa zone Debre Berhan town football team. The respondents stated that lack of good communication among the concerned body, coaches’ low attention given for trainings, players’ low motivation for gaining new skill, coaches’ limited knowledge how to organize quality training, lack of supervision during training to know the level of performance and low attention given to team work were major variables.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129117044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of Body Metric Analysis for Junior Athletes using Ultrasonography and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Technology","authors":"J. Bailey, R. Irving, Eon H Campbell","doi":"10.12691/ajssm-6-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajssm-6-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"Changes in body composition parameters can be used as a mean of tracking an athlete’s health. Athletic performance relative to fat mass should be evaluated as an increase may be detrimental to physical activities by increasing energy demands and decreasing performance. Body composition, is an important indicator of nutritional status, water homeostasis and the specific adaptations to different physical training regimens. Similarly, assessment of the thigh muscles can provide adequate information on functionality and injury vulnerability. Knowledge garnered from biometric analysis using ultrasound and bio-impedance analysis technology, may be used to gauge the health status of future elite athletes. Assessing the body composition and muscle characteristics of young athletes, allow for early detection of weak areas that may negatively affect the performance of these athletes in the future. In addition, knowledge of how these parameters vary with performance provides an athlete with data that may be used to optimize performance.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123732567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Organized Physical Activity and Motor Competence in Teenagers","authors":"C. Campos, D. R. Queiroz, Jeymison Tadeu Nunes Da Silva, A. H. P. Feitoza, M. T. Cattuzzo","doi":"10.12691/AJSSM-5-4-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJSSM-5-4-4","url":null,"abstract":"It is not clear if the association between motor competence (MC) and organized physical activity (OPA) in teenagers and if it depends on the gender. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationship between MC and OPA by gender. Participants, 29 male (19.3±1.3 years) and 38 female (19.0±1.2 years) were assessed by the BOT-2 brief form and by a retrospective questionnaire of the OPA. Males had superior performance in body coordination, strength, agility, and the general motor competence. There were no significant differences between genders in the time spent in OPA; there was a positive and low correlation between MC and OPA, but the correlation showed stronger values only for females. OPA seems to be an enabling environment for the acquisition and development of motor skills that provide the foundation for engagement and motor competence, but gender is an interaction variable.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128113694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjusting Bookmaker’s Odds to Allow for Overround","authors":"S. Clarke, S. Kovalchik, Martin Ingram","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20170506.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20170506.12","url":null,"abstract":"Several methods have been proposed to adjust bookmakers’ implied probabilities, including an additive model, a normalization model, and an iterative method proposed by Shin. These approaches have one or more defects: the additive model can give negative adjusted probabilities, normalization does not account for favorite long-shot bias, and both the normalization and Shin approaches can produce bookmaker probabilities greater than 1 when applied in reverse. Moreover, it is shown that the Shin and additive methods are equivalent for races with two competitors. Vovk and Zhadanov (2009) and Clarke (2016) suggested a power method, where the implied probabilities are raised to a fixed power, which never produces bookmaker or fair probabilities outside the 0-1 range and allows for the favorite long-shot bias. This paper describes and applies the methods to three large bookmaker datasets, each in a different sport, and shows that the power method universally outperforms the multiplicative method and outperforms or is comparable to the Shin method.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134339676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Status, Oxidant/Antioxidant and Inflammatory Markers in Scholar Athletes Adolescents","authors":"A. Bouchouicha, H. Ghomari-Boukhatem, M. Bouchenak","doi":"10.12691/AJSSM-5-4-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJSSM-5-4-3","url":null,"abstract":"In the last two or three decades, physical activity (PA) has gained increasing recognition as being essential for maintaining good health and improving quality of life for all ages. To evaluate the nutritional status, oxidant/antioxidant, and inflammatory markers, in sports adolescents, a cross sectional study has done in west Algeria. A total of 110 athletes adolescents from special sport classes, aged 11-17 years, were compared to a non athletes group (n=60). Blood pressure, anthropometric and serum parameters were measured. Daily energy intake (DEI) was estimated using 24 hours recall, followed by a 3-days record. Energy expenditure (EE) was evaluated by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short form (IPAQ-S). Oxidant/antioxidant and inflammatory markers were determined. An increase in body weight and height (ppppppP P P In spite of inadequate DEI in athletes adolescents, beneficial effect of sport is observed by lowering serum TG concentrations. However, more research in this area is warranted to clarify sport nutrition needs to provide better and healthy nutritional guidance to young athletes.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124354443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development and Challenges of Football Sport in Some Selected Woredas of North Showa Zone","authors":"Tewodros Abir, Alemayehu Ejigu, Arefayne Mesfin","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20170506.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20170506.11","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to identify the development and challenges of football in some selected weredas of North Showa Zone. The subject in this study were 282 players 15 coaches’ 6 wereda sport officers and 4 zone sport officers selected from the total population of 940, 48 and 10 respectively. A descriptive survey study is used. As a methods of data gathering tools; questionnaire, interview, and document analysis were employed. To analyze the collected data, both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Results of the study revealed that village is the main sources of youth football players for the woredas, Schools have been the main sources of potential coaches for teams. The major constraints associated with North Showa Zone football sport are found to have very low media coverage, absence of supporters’ association, a few number of spectators, only one club, lack of facilities and equipment, no regular salary for coaches and players, lack or absence of play field in the villages, not following scientific method of training by coaches and very low level of communication among stakeholders. To overcome these, every stakeholder should work hand to hand in order to solve the problems.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124161739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spiritual Intelligence in Basketball Performance: Identifying Performance Indicators","authors":"N. Deol, Davinder Singh","doi":"10.12691/ajssm-5-4-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajssm-5-4-2","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was aimed to identify the role of Spiritual Intelligence in performance of basketball players. For this purpose of selection of the subjects around N=250 Female Basketball Players of 20-30 years of age group were chosen to acts as subjects. The entire group of players were further sliced into three group which include (N1= 50 International Basketball Players; N2= 100 Senior National level Basketball Players and N3= 100 All India Inter-university level Basketball Players). The major aim of this sampling technique was to formulate the objectives of the study. One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were employed to compare the three groups of Basketball Players. Where ‘F’ values were found significant, Scheffe Post-hoc test were applied to find out the direction and degree of difference. For testing the hypotheses, the level of significance was set at 0.05. In a nutshell it can be said that from the findings that significant differences were found in basketball players on the sub-variables of Spiritual Intelligence i.e., The Inner Self, The Inter Self and Spiritual Intelligence (Total). However, insignificant differences had been observed in the basketball players on the sub-variables of Spiritual Intelligence i.e., Biostoria, Life Perspectives, Spiritual Actualization and Value Orientation.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116349756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}