Gender EconomicsPub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch001
Inma Pastor-Gosálbez, A. Blanco, A. Rodríguez, Ana Acosta, P. Pontón, Ángel Belzunegui-Eraso
{"title":"Fostering Entrepreneurship at the Spanish University","authors":"Inma Pastor-Gosálbez, A. Blanco, A. Rodríguez, Ana Acosta, P. Pontón, Ángel Belzunegui-Eraso","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch001","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter we discuss the policies for fostering entrepreneurship at Spanish universities and how these policies may be related with the low participation of women in university spin-offs. Using our results from the first part of the EQUASPIN project1, we also discuss the effects of the gender division of labour on the creation of freelance work within the specific framework of knowledge-transfer companies. We also present some of our findings with regard to gender differences in both the creation of spin-offs and the role of the university system in the production and reproduction of gender inequalities.","PeriodicalId":261371,"journal":{"name":"Gender Economics","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115555118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gender EconomicsPub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch028
D. Panina
{"title":"Women in Global Professional Services Firms","authors":"D. Panina","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch028","url":null,"abstract":"Professional services firms (PSFs) have traditionally relied on professional partnerships as an organizational principle. This system was developed more than a century ago, when women did not actively pursue careers in professional services. Professional partnerships are very resistant to change and have managed to preserve their main features for decades. Their formal and informal practices still have exclusionary effects on female professionals. However, professional services firms are increasingly facing a deregulated, competitive, and very dynamic environment and are pressured by the labor market and client firms to rethink their stance on gender diversity. This chapter presents an overview of the management practices in professional services firms and outlines the major changes in their environment. Recent trends in changing management practices in the professional services sector and their impact on female professionals are analyzed. Implications for theory building and future research on management practices in professional service firms are discussed.","PeriodicalId":261371,"journal":{"name":"Gender Economics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121385495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gender EconomicsPub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch010
Ashanti De León, Wilson Ozuem, Jummy Okoya
{"title":"Reframing Diversity in Management","authors":"Ashanti De León, Wilson Ozuem, Jummy Okoya","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch010","url":null,"abstract":"The development of new corporate governance codes calls for boardroom and top management diversity. Nonetheless, a lack of diversity in organisations is a worldwide situation that may vary from one country to another. This suggests that rather than relying upon established economies as a guideline, a more rounded understanding may emerge from studies that also explore a wider range of countries. This chapter examines the varieties of top management diversities, particularly the barriers and challenges women faces in management positions. It considers the grounds for an integrated approach to under-representation of women in upper rank positions, and explicates concerted efforts to improve board room diversity.","PeriodicalId":261371,"journal":{"name":"Gender Economics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126870637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gender EconomicsPub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-3018-3.CH015
A. Sikira, T. Matekere, J. Urassa
{"title":"Engaging Men in Women's Economic Empowerment in Butiama District, Mara Region, Tanzania","authors":"A. Sikira, T. Matekere, J. Urassa","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-3018-3.CH015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3018-3.CH015","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter addresses women's income poverty using men as active participants in empowering women economically. Butiama district was used as a study area, using 120 women and their husbands who were beneficiaries of the programme dealing with loan provision. As an outcome of the study, men had little participation in women's economic activities, hence, women's economic empowerment was at medium level. Unlike men, women's income was used for fulfilling basic needs of the family, therefore, had little impact on their economic empowerment. By conclusion, men as decision makers have high impact on women's economic empowerment. It is recommended that, awareness creation among men would enhance their participation in empowering women. Improvement of women's access to and control over production resources would improve their income. It is recommended that lobbying and advocacy approaches should be applied to enable women's control over the production resources.","PeriodicalId":261371,"journal":{"name":"Gender Economics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116325032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gender EconomicsPub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch019
Sara Parker, Kay Standing
{"title":"Overcoming Intersectional Barriers","authors":"Sara Parker, Kay Standing","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch019","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the complexity and challenges of exploring the impact of gender on women's ability to realise their potential in Nepal. It demonstrates the limitations of using binary divisions to exploring ‘gender' as a key factor that impacts upon women's lives. By analysing interviews with ‘inspirational' women in Nepal conducted between 2009 and 2012 the chapter highlights the importance of exploring intersectional factors that also influenced women's life experiences. Based on interviews with 34 ‘inspirational' women in Nepal the chapter explores how the term ‘inspirational' is defines and discusses the range of work being done by so many women in Nepal that is truly inspiring. Through a discourse analysis of their stories of childhood and education we can see what key factors have played a role in enabling these women to realise their potential and to overcome intersectional barriers to work in a range of diverse positions, from the first female District Development Officer to the first women to gain her doctorate from overseas, to women who have set up NGOS working towards a more equitable and just society to others who have set up their own businesses or becoming leading academics. The conclusion draws together some key recommendations for future research and policy makers as well as those seeking to promote more equitable sustainable development that truly includes women in the process as autonomous, heterogeneous actors in the development process","PeriodicalId":261371,"journal":{"name":"Gender Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129524340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gender EconomicsPub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch023
C. Costa, Z. Breda, F. Bakas, M. Durão, I. Pinho
{"title":"“Female Charm”","authors":"C. Costa, Z. Breda, F. Bakas, M. Durão, I. Pinho","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch023","url":null,"abstract":"A significant challenge faced by the tourism and hospitality industries in a rapidly changing world, is the ability to sustain organisational growth. Some of the main strategies for achieving organisational growth are those related to innovation, internationalisation and networking. Addressing tourism studies' contemporary shift to a focus on social influences, this study investigates the relations between gender and organisational growth. Qualitative analysis of focus groups with managers from the seven administrative regions in Portugal provides an in-depth account of tourism and gender issues based on empirical evidence. Viewing the ways in which tourism managers contribute to organisational growth through the angle of gender, this chapter provides a compelling account of the delicate and often invisible interactions between economic and social transactions. Results illustrate how women as a labour source are paradoxically viewed as both an asset and an impediment to organisational growth strategies.","PeriodicalId":261371,"journal":{"name":"Gender Economics","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130818401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gender EconomicsPub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch027
Nuria Calvo, María Bastida, J. Feás
{"title":"Is Gender Equality a Reality After a Change in the Political Agenda?","authors":"Nuria Calvo, María Bastida, J. Feás","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch027","url":null,"abstract":"After a decade of meaningful advances in legal framework, education and political agendas, gender equality should be a reality in Spain. However, something is not working in the Spanish industry, compared to other European countries. In this chapter we analyse some organizational dynamics that allows understand why the situation of inequality of women managers for gender reasons persists in spite of the positive discrimination measures recommended by the legislative framework. A new translation between the political and the economical language is necessary in order to get a change of behaviour in the industry. This analysis has allowed a proposal of a bunch of measures that allow organisations to exploit all their managerial talent, independently of whether this talent is owned by men or women.","PeriodicalId":261371,"journal":{"name":"Gender Economics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125361166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gender EconomicsPub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch005
C. Ford
{"title":"New Kids on the Block","authors":"C. Ford","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch005","url":null,"abstract":"Like Gender Economics, Trafficking in persons has only recently emerged into academic consciousness and business environment concerns, as a discrete area of study with its own particular areas of legal, socio-anthropological and economic principles, in the first decades of this third millennium. New discourses raise fresh questions and they are legion. The ‘new kids' seek to make sense of challenging phenomena and outline the terms through which, Trafficking in persons it is to be articulated to the wider academy, public services, market institutions, and civil society. This chapter explicates the connectedness of critiques Gender Economics has been using on businesses, to see how Human Traffickers exploit people's bodies and their gendered realities. There is certain passivity towards the human, inbuilt in neo-liberal markets which commodify the whole of life. Those least able to protect themselves from the abusive ‘entrepreneurship' of traffickers are traded, with their gendered reality affecting prices and outcomes.","PeriodicalId":261371,"journal":{"name":"Gender Economics","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127478598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gender EconomicsPub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch021
M. Das, Rituparna Das
{"title":"Gender and Water","authors":"M. Das, Rituparna Das","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch021","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the welfare implication of wage revisions for two Indian unorganized sector female workers with opposite preference patterns for income and leisure in drought-prone zone. The female workers here face a gender-based wage gap and the inconveniences caused by water shortage adversely affect their effective incomes since females are the major users of water in the family. This chapter also makes a couple of recommendations for policymakers and legislators. It experiments with alternative utility functions in neoclassical microeconomic behavioural model framework.","PeriodicalId":261371,"journal":{"name":"Gender Economics","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125372274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gender EconomicsPub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch030
S. Locke, Nirosha Hewa-Wellalage
{"title":"The Impact of Institutional Factors on Female and Male Owned Firm Financing","authors":"S. Locke, Nirosha Hewa-Wellalage","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7510-8.ch030","url":null,"abstract":"The study compares the impact of the commercial environment on external financing of female- owned micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) compared to those that are male owned in seven South Asian countries. The region exhibits weak institutional and regulatory regimes which result in expropriation of profits from MSMEs. It is likely that such commercial environments add to the risk of lending to MSMEs and this may further manifest a gender bias toward males. This study uses a unique dataset of over 5000 firms from World Bank Enterprise Surveys and combines this with additional information drawn from World Bank macro-economic data. Interval and logit regressions are used. Contrary other studies, this research indicates that once females have access to formal financing they use a higher proportion of formal financing in their firm capital structure than their male-counterparts. A gap in accessing external finance for female-owned MSMEs presents both a waste of human resource and a lost potential to lift standards of living, presenting an opportunity for reform.","PeriodicalId":261371,"journal":{"name":"Gender Economics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125309294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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