Global Journal of Medical Sciences最新文献

Refractive Errors among Secondary School Students in Isuikwuato Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria 尼日利亚阿比亚州Isuikwuato地方政府地区中学生屈光不正的调查

Global Journal of Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2012-11-02 DOI: 10.4314/GJMS.V10I1-2.3

N. Osuchukwu, Ec Osuchukwu

{"title":"Refractive Errors among Secondary School Students in Isuikwuato Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria","authors":"N. Osuchukwu, Ec Osuchukwu","doi":"10.4314/GJMS.V10I1-2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJMS.V10I1-2.3","url":null,"abstract":"A study to determine the prevalence and types of refractive errors among secondary school students in Isuikwuato Local Government Area, Abia State, Nigeria was conducted. Pre-tested questionnaires were administered by two trained interviewers. Penlight examination, Hisirschberg's test, cover test, funduscopy with a direct ophthalmoscope, without and when necessary, with dilatation were performed by one optometrist. The design of this study was a cross sectional survey involving a one-time screening of 22 secondary school students in the LGA aged 11 \"and 19 grouped in four yearly intervals for common refractive errors. Vision screening was conducted and those respondents found to have refractive errors were referred for further examination using the Modified Clinical Technique (MCT) criteria for referral. Furthermore, the randomness of refractive error among secondary student was tested with comparison independent sample and T-Test. When all cases of ametropia were considered, a total of 69.6% was found. Myopia predominated (36.2%), followed by hyperopia (18.0%) astigmatism (8.5%) and anisometropia (6.9%). Hence it is onus on us especially those in the medical profession to see that the menace of this refractive problem is checked.","PeriodicalId":260985,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130095250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Comparative Analysis of Nursing Education and Other Forms of Education in Nigeria: Implications for Global Standards to Promote International Collaboration and Advanced Entry Level Competency of Nurses 尼日利亚护理教育和其他形式教育的比较分析:对促进国际合作和护士高级入门级能力的全球标准的影响

Global Journal of Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2012-11-02 DOI: 10.4314/gjms.v10i1-2.1

Ii Akpabio

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Nursing Education and Other Forms of Education in Nigeria: Implications for Global Standards to Promote International Collaboration and Advanced Entry Level Competency of Nurses","authors":"Ii Akpabio","doi":"10.4314/gjms.v10i1-2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gjms.v10i1-2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper was to highlight points that are necessary to bridge the gaps, where they exist, in relation to the structures, process and outcome of nursing education when compared with those of other professions. As a profession, nursing is broad in scope, and nurse practitioners are expected to possess a body of knowledge and skills for dependent, independent and inter-dependent practice. In many professions, preparation usually takes place in Colleges or University settings and educational preparation is usually prolonged to include instructions in the specialized body of knowledge and techniques of the profession. However, nursing education globally is highly variable, taking place in a myriad of programmes at the hospitals, technical institutes and institutions of higher learning with no uniformity. Furthermore, regarding educational outcome, many nurses in recent years are unable to meet the entry level competencies for registered nurses/midwives prior to employment into full practice. In other Medical Professions, including Medical Doctors, Medical Laboratory Scientists and Radiologists, a period of internship is provided for mastering of skills to enhance efficient and effective practice. This should also assist newly qualified nurses to improve on their entry level competencies to promote efficiency in their practical performance. It is therefore recommended that the regulating bodies should set standards of nursing education that are globally uniform and enforce compliance with such standards including admission criteria, contents/components; teachers’ qualification/certification and teaching facilities including materials and equipments. Furthermore, the recent plans to integrate Internship Programme into the training plan of graduate nurses is a step in the right direction and should be implemented without further delay to take nursing education and practice to greater heights.","PeriodicalId":260985,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127002353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pattern of Ultrasound Scanning in Owerri South Eastern Nigeria 尼日利亚东南部奥韦里的超声扫描模式

Global Journal of Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2012-11-02 DOI: 10.4314/GJMS.V10I1-2.2

B. Ezem, C. Okeudo, Y. Aderibigbe

{"title":"Pattern of Ultrasound Scanning in Owerri South Eastern Nigeria","authors":"B. Ezem, C. Okeudo, Y. Aderibigbe","doi":"10.4314/GJMS.V10I1-2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJMS.V10I1-2.2","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The gynaecologist is called upon daily to diagnose pelvic pathologies. Ultrasound is a useful, safe and widely used method of investigation of such problems. OBJECTIVE: To determine the indications and findings of pelvic ultrasound in Owerri, South Eastern Nigeria. METHOD: Two hundred and fifty consecutive women referred for pelvic ultrasound in Owerri South Eastern Nigeria were examined by abdominal and transvaginal ultrasound. RESULTS: Most 148(59.2%) of the patients were nulliparous and majority 108(43.2%) were in the 30-39year age group. Doctors referred most 164(64%) of the patients, while 74(29.6%) were self referred. The most common indication was ‘to check the womb’ in 89(35.6%) of cases followed by threatened abortion in 30(12%) of patients. The most common post ultrasound diagnosis was ‘normal uterus’ in 111(44.4%) while fibromyoma was second with 41(16.4%) of patients. On the whole abnormalities were picked up in 36.4% of patients. CONCLUSION: We conclude that pelvic ultrasound even when not originating from the doctor should be encouraged because of the significant number of abnormalities detected. These could then be treated with greater success while they are still small.","PeriodicalId":260985,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114703827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Prevalance of Alcohol Abuse in Calabar South Local Government Areas Cross River State 克罗斯河州卡拉巴尔南部地方政府地区酗酒的普遍情况

Global Journal of Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2012-11-02 DOI: 10.4314/GJMS.V10I1-2.5

N. Osuchukwu, Ec Osuchukwu

{"title":"Prevalance of Alcohol Abuse in Calabar South Local Government Areas Cross River State","authors":"N. Osuchukwu, Ec Osuchukwu","doi":"10.4314/GJMS.V10I1-2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJMS.V10I1-2.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the prevalence of alcohol abuse in Calabar South, Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Unlike earlier studies of alcohol use in Nigeria, the study focused on a segment of the population that is difficult to reach and probably at high risk of alcohol and drug abuse. In addition, the focus of this study was on both western and the traditional alcohol beverages. The sample consisted of 400 respondents aged 10-50 years resident in Calabar South. Life time consumption of alcohol was reported by 98.5% of the respondents. Beer was the most often consume alcoholic drinks in the study population by the male while wine was for female, 64% of males took beer while 36% of females took wine. the odds of taking alcoholic drink increased with age. The consumption of alcohol was described as very harmful to health by 48% of the sample Analysis of the data showed that the factors that mostly influenced alcohol drinking were its availability which stood at 52.75%, peer groups influenced 27.25%, mass media advent 7.5%, home 9.5% and school 3.0%. The study also showed that alcohol consumption had effect on the social behaviour of the people of Calabar South. Decreased work performance 77.25%, increase in violence and crime 77%, poverty 50.75%, wife and childbearing 73.75%, increase in accident rate 80.5%, children inability to continue schooling 83.5% Nigerian culture, it appears that there is a culture of alcohol implicitly institutionalized that one could easily brand it as a norm to drink alcohol across the whole social spectrum with the student population constituting a significant proportion of the risk group (Ifeagwazi,2007).","PeriodicalId":260985,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123428506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Gastric Acid Secretion, Mucus Concentration and Ulceration Following Orogastic Feeding of Cannabis Sativa to Albino Wistar Rats 白化Wistar大鼠口服大麻后胃酸分泌、黏液浓度及溃疡

Global Journal of Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2012-11-02 DOI: 10.4314/GJMS.V10I1-2.6

A. Obembe, A. Aya, O. Okwari

{"title":"Gastric Acid Secretion, Mucus Concentration and Ulceration Following Orogastic Feeding of Cannabis Sativa to Albino Wistar Rats","authors":"A. Obembe, A. Aya, O. Okwari","doi":"10.4314/GJMS.V10I1-2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJMS.V10I1-2.6","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of consumption (ingestion) of Cannabis sativa on the gastrointestinal tract using mucus concentration, acid secretion and ulceration in animal (rats) model as indices. Three groups of six (6) rats each were used. The control group were fed on rat chow only while another group were fed on low dose of Cannabis sativa 0.5gm/100g body weight and another group were fed on high dose of Cannibis sativa 0.8mg/100g body weight for 28 days respectively and allowed free access to food and water. At the end of 28 days, the results showed that the acid secretion in the high dose group was significantly (P<0.001) higher than in low dose group while the mucus concentration in low dose and high dose group respectively were significantly lower (P<0.01) than control. The mucus concentration in high dose was significantly lower (P<0.001) than low dose group when the test groups were compared. Similarly the ulcer scores were higher in low dose group (P<0.05) and in high dose group (P<0.001) respectively when compared with control group. The ulceration in high dose group was significantly higher (P<0.001) than the low dose group. In conclusion, ingestion of Cannabis sativa causes decrease in adherent gastric mucus, increase acid secretion and increase in gastric ulceration in a dose dependent fashion. The liberal use of Cannabis sativa should therefore be discouraged.","PeriodicalId":260985,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"289 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123466993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Unnecessary surgical operations on an undiagnosed sickler in abdominal crisis: Case report 腹部危重症患者不必要的外科手术:一例报告

Global Journal of Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2009-10-19 DOI: 10.4314/GJMS.V7I1-2.46932

E. Yusuf, O. Abegunde

引用次数: 0

Neonatal seizures in Calabar: A revisit 新生儿癫痫在卡拉巴:重访

Global Journal of Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2009-10-19 DOI: 10.4314/GJMS.V7I1-2.46928

J. Udo, M. Eyong, M. Anah, I. Etuk, C. Uzomba, A. Asindi

{"title":"Neonatal seizures in Calabar: A revisit","authors":"J. Udo, M. Eyong, M. Anah, I. Etuk, C. Uzomba, A. Asindi","doi":"10.4314/GJMS.V7I1-2.46928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJMS.V7I1-2.46928","url":null,"abstract":"Newborns admitted with convulsion in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar during the period 1st May 2004 to 30 April 2006 were studied prospectively. The aim was to determine the place of birth in relation to the cause of seizures, the current situation in terms of the aetiology, clinical spectrum and outcome. There were 55 neonates with convulsion representing 5% of admissions into the newborn unit during the period. Birth asphyxia, sepsis, and hypoglycaemia were important identifiable aetiological factors which operated either singly (45.5%) of cases) or in concert (54.5% of cases) in causing seizures. Hypocalcaemia and hyponatraemia contributed less. These results are similar to that of a previous study carried out in this centre ten years earlier . There was no statistical significant difference between home and hospital deliveries in relation to causes of seizures. Septicaemia was caused mainly by staphylococcus aureus, enterobactericae and unclassified coliforms. No neonatal meningitis was diagnosed. Surprisingly, there was a high prevalence of generalized seizures (76.4%). The mortality of 34.0% was related to onset of the seizures within 4 days of life but not the place of birth. The causes of neonatal seizures in our environment are mostly preventable. There is need to provide modern facilities for investigating newborn seizures, training and retraining of Traditional Birth Attendants, health education of expectant mothers.","PeriodicalId":260985,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122292352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Incidence of Pes planus amongst the people of Cross River State 克罗斯河州人群中扁平足的发病率

Global Journal of Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2009-10-19 DOI: 10.4314/GJMS.V7I1-2.46937

M. Eluwa, Rb Omini, A. O. Akpantah, T. Ekanem

引用次数: 2

Quinolones and their clinical relevance in the management of enteric fevers in the new millennium: Findings from a review of 55,853 Salmonella isolates 新千年喹诺酮类药物及其在肠热病治疗中的临床意义:对55,853株沙门氏菌的综述结果

Global Journal of Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2009-10-19 DOI: 10.4314/GJMS.V7I1-2.46861

G. Jombo, E. Philip-Ephraim, S. J. Utsalo, C. Ejezie, M. Enenebeaku, E. Mbaawuaga

{"title":"Quinolones and their clinical relevance in the management of enteric fevers in the new millennium: Findings from a review of 55,853 Salmonella isolates","authors":"G. Jombo, E. Philip-Ephraim, S. J. Utsalo, C. Ejezie, M. Enenebeaku, E. Mbaawuaga","doi":"10.4314/GJMS.V7I1-2.46861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJMS.V7I1-2.46861","url":null,"abstract":"The study was set up to review the current susceptibility patterns of Salmonella isolates to quinolones. A systematic literature search on in vitro and in vivo susceptibility patterns of Salmonella isolates to various quinolones was carried out from relevant published articles over a 25 year interval (1982-2007). Data obtained was analysed using simple descriptive methods. Susceptibility patterns of 55,853 Salmonella isolates to quinolones from 845 reports were reviewed. The most active quinolones encountered were (where n= number of Salmonella isolates tested): ciprofloxacin, 99%(n=15,432); grepafloxacin, 99%(n=2,701); gemifloxacin, 97%(n=1,209); ofloxacin, 96%(n=8,692); and sparofloxacin, 93%(n=557). This was followed by: enoxacin, 92%(n=2,653); gatifloxacin, 90%(n=788); lomefloxacin, 83%(n=1,823); and levofloxacin, 81%(n=3,228). And the least active quinolones against Salmonella spp. were norfloxacin, 76%(n=1,355); pefloxacin, 62%(n=4,307); and nalidixic acid, 61%(n=17,542). Quinolones at present have been found to be quite effective in the management of enteric fever and their use should be sustained. However, susceptibility patterns of the local Salmonella isolates should be conducted to identify the most appropriate quinolone to use in this environment. Furthermore, in the absence of a susceptibility report, ciprofloxacin, grepafloxacin, gemifloxacin, ofloxacin, and sparofloxacin may be considered preferred choices on proven diagnosis of enteric fever.","PeriodicalId":260985,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122080340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Informed consent for surgery in Nigeria: Is the practice adequate? 尼日利亚手术知情同意:实践是否充分?

Global Journal of Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2009-10-19 DOI: 10.4314/GJMS.V7I1-2.46935

N. Ngim, W. Ndifon, Umoh, A. Ogunkeyede

{"title":"Informed consent for surgery in Nigeria: Is the practice adequate?","authors":"N. Ngim, W. Ndifon, Umoh, A. Ogunkeyede","doi":"10.4314/GJMS.V7I1-2.46935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GJMS.V7I1-2.46935","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the adequacy of the use of informed consent in surgical practice from the patients’ perspective. The study was carried out in the department of Surgery, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, over a six-month period. A structured questionnaire was administered post operatively on patients, and parents/guardians of minors, who agreed to participate in the exercise. Data obtained included sociodemographic characteristics, description of surgery they had, whether surgical procedure was explained to them pre operatively or not, who gave the explanation, their level of understanding and their opinion on the process of obtaining the consent. Ninety one patients participated in the study. Male to female ratio was 3.8:1, with average age of 33.6 years (SD ± 13). Most of them (94.6%) had some level of formal education. Seventy nine patients (86.8%) knew the description of the surgical procedure. Pre operative explanation of the surgical procedure was given to 70.3% of the patients but 27.5% of these did not understand the explanation. A significant number of the patients (51.6%) were not satisfied with the explanation given. Even though all the patients had the consent form signed either by themselves or on their behalf by a close relative, 46.2% of them did not understand the content of the consent form and 67.1% did not understand the implication of what they had signed. The practice of informed consent for surgery is not adequate. Surgeons need to be further educated to improve their practice in this regard. The consent process needs to be simplified to enhance patients’ understanding and participation.","PeriodicalId":260985,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133951112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5