Hydrogeology, Chemical Weathering, and Soil Formation最新文献

Soils, Chemical Weathering, and Climate Change in Earth History 土壤、化学风化和地球历史上的气候变化

Hydrogeology, Chemical Weathering, and Soil Formation Pub Date : 2021-01-08 DOI: 10.1002/9781119563952.CH2

S. Driese, L. Nordt, G. Stinchcomb

引用次数: 5

Where Are We and Where Are We Going? Pedogenesis Through Chemical Weathering, Hydrologic Fluxes, and Bioturbation 我们在哪里，我们要去哪里?化学风化、水文通量和生物扰动作用下的成土作用

Hydrogeology, Chemical Weathering, and Soil Formation Pub Date : 2021-01-08 DOI: 10.1002/9781119563952.CH14

A. Hunt, M. Egli, B. Faybishenko

{"title":"Where Are We and Where Are We Going? Pedogenesis Through Chemical Weathering, Hydrologic Fluxes, and Bioturbation","authors":"A. Hunt, M. Egli, B. Faybishenko","doi":"10.1002/9781119563952.CH14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119563952.CH14","url":null,"abstract":": A review of the status of fundamental research into soil genesis and development is given, together with a discussion of the outstanding problems from various perspectives, such as the geological, hydrological, and soil ecological points of view. The urgency of understanding what soil is, how it forms and evolves, relates fundamentally to its connection with the cycling of water and those elements of deep significance to biology, e.g. carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as to the uptake and fate of the (mostly) solar energy input. The coupling is inherent in the close relationships between soil genesis and the formative process of chemical weathering, together with its abiotic drawdown of atmospheric carbon, as well as the relationship between soil evolution and the biological processes that change the soil. Each of these phases links soils to the atmospheric carbon composition and the Earth’s climate system. More recently, the link between soil formation and Earth’s water cycle has become clearer with the recognition that field weathering rates are more likely flux‐limited (water, organic acids, and reaction products) than kinetics‐limited. While a link between water and CO2 drawdown appears explicit in the photosynthetic reaction, the relationship between plant productivity and transpiration fundamentally links water and cycling of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The summary is intended to place the works of the present book into the context of present research efforts and future goals. ABSTRACT A review of the status of fundamental research into soil genesis and development is given, together with a discussion of the outstanding problems from various perspectives, such as the geological, hydrological, and soil ecological points of view. The urgency of understanding what soil is, how it forms and evolves, relates fundamentally to its connection with the cycling of water and those elements of deep significance to biology, e.g. carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as to the uptake and fate of the (mostly) solar energy input. The coupling is inherent in the close relationships between soil genesis and the formative process of chemical weathering, together with its abiotic drawdown of atmospheric carbon, as well as the relationship between soil evolution and the biological processes that change the soil. Each of these phases links soils to the atmospheric carbon composition and the Earth’s climate system. More recently, the link between soil formation and Earth’s water cycle has become clearer with the recognition that field weathering rates are more likely flux ‐ limited (water, organic acids, and reaction products) than kinetics ‐ limited. While a link between water and CO 2 drawdown appears explicit in the photosynthetic reaction, the relationship between plant productivity and transpiration fundamentally links water and cycling of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The summary is intended to place","PeriodicalId":260752,"journal":{"name":"Hydrogeology, Chemical Weathering, and Soil Formation","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132829232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Origin and Formation of Clay Minerals in Alpine Soils 高寒土壤中粘土矿物的成因与形成

Hydrogeology, Chemical Weathering, and Soil Formation Pub Date : 2021-01-08 DOI: 10.1002/9781119563952.CH6

M. Egli, A. Mirabella

{"title":"The Origin and Formation of Clay Minerals in Alpine Soils","authors":"M. Egli, A. Mirabella","doi":"10.1002/9781119563952.CH6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119563952.CH6","url":null,"abstract":": Clay minerals are among the most chemically active components and are a bridge between the inorganic and organic parts of a soil. The clay minerals influence pedogenetic processes by interacting with cations and inorganic and organic compounds, influencing the nutrition of the plants and the structure of the soils. Clay minerals are phyllosilicates and can in soils be either inherited from the parent material, neoformed, or transformed from precursor minerals. Relatively shortly after exposure of the parent material to atmospheric conditions, important mineral transformation reactions can occur, even in cold alpine climates. In alpine environments, the soil system reacts in a particularly sensitive way at the beginning of soil formation, i.e. during the first c. 3000 years. With time, the formation and transformation rates, and thus changes, decelerate. Smectitic components, and therefore 2:1 mineral structures, are the weathering steady-state products. Although weathering conditions are particularly intense close to the timberline and on pole-facing sites, 2:1 minerals strongly prevail over kaolinite or gibbsite, which are most often encountered as a weathering steady-state product in tropical regions. Smectitic components enrich under conditions of high percolation rates, cool climates (close to the tree-line), high amounts of organic ligands, low erosion, stable conditions, and thus low soil production rates. Smectite formation therefore relates not only to the paradigms of the percolation theory, but the type and presence of vegetation and the production of organic ligands are additional driving factors. Abstract 14 Clay minerals are among the most chemically active components and are a bridge between the 15 inorganic and organic parts of a soil. The clay minerals influence pedogenetic processes by 16 interacting with cations, inorganic and organic compounds, influencing the nutrition of the plants 17 and the structure of the soils. Clay minerals are phyllosilicates and can in soils be either inherited 18 from the parent material, neoformed or transformed from precursor minerals. Relatively shortly 19 after exposure of the parent material to atmospheric conditions, important mineral transformation 20 reactions can occur — even in cold, alpine climates. In Alpine environments, the soil system reacts 21 in a particularly sensitive way at the beginning of soil formation, i.e. during the first c. 3000 years. components 2:1 mineral structures the weathering steady state products. 2:1 over kaolinite a conditions ligands,","PeriodicalId":260752,"journal":{"name":"Hydrogeology, Chemical Weathering, and Soil Formation","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126844614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

INDEX 指数

Hydrogeology, Chemical Weathering, and Soil Formation Pub Date : 2021-01-08 DOI: 10.1002/9781119563952.index

引用次数: 0