{"title":"A new technique for photoelectron‐Auger coincidence spectroscopy","authors":"J. Eland","doi":"10.1063/1.39834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.39834","url":null,"abstract":"Complete photoelectron‐photoelectron coincidence spectra can be gathered in reasonable run times by a new double time‐of‐flight technique using a magnetic bottle spectrometer and storage ring synchrotron radiation. The first application has been to the Auger effect and decay of a pre‐edge resonance following 4d core hole production in atomic xenon. The technique is capable of significant improvement which will enable advances in the study of multielectron processes to be made.","PeriodicalId":260551,"journal":{"name":"X‐ray and inner‐shell processes","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115385768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent developments in soft X‐ray microscopy","authors":"C. Kunz","doi":"10.1063/1.39793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.39793","url":null,"abstract":"There is a great effort worldwide to develop new X‐ray microscopes both of the imaging and of the scanning type. Undulator radiation from the next generation of high brightness synchrotron radiation storage rings will be the ideal source for such microscopes. As imaging elements, Fresnel zone plates, grazing incidence mirrors and multi‐layer coated normal incidence mirrors are being developed and applied. The engineering of these elements is determined by accurate knowledge of optical constants of the materials involved and by manufacturing accuracy. The major projects are reviewed. Finally, details and first results of the Hamburg focusing mirror scanning microscope are presented. With this instrument, imaging and microprobe analysis with less than 1μ resolution is possible in the energy range 20–1300 eV. Long term improvement could yield a resolution of 0.1 μm.","PeriodicalId":260551,"journal":{"name":"X‐ray and inner‐shell processes","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123056804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The inner‐shell progenitor of X‐90: The first inner‐shell conference","authors":"S. Manson","doi":"10.1063/1.39812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.39812","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":260551,"journal":{"name":"X‐ray and inner‐shell processes","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129771152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Wassdahl, P. Bleckert, G. Bray, P. Glans, N. Mårtenson, J. Nordgren, J. Rubensson, R. Nyholm, S. Cramm
{"title":"Recent advances in ultra soft x‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy","authors":"N. Wassdahl, P. Bleckert, G. Bray, P. Glans, N. Mårtenson, J. Nordgren, J. Rubensson, R. Nyholm, S. Cramm","doi":"10.1063/1.39827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.39827","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra‐soft x‐ray emission spectroscopy is a common tool for the study of the electronic structure of matter. Of special value are the selective properties, which make it possible to separately study the different atomic species in a system and also to distinguish between the various orbital symmetries in the valence band. Traditionally, electrons or broad‐band photon sources have been used for excitation but recently also monochromatized synchrtron radiation has been employed. The additional quality of excitation selectivity, introduced by the monochromatization, has opened up new possibilities for ultra‐soft x‐ray spectroscopy, and in the present paper a report on recent advances in this new field of research is given.","PeriodicalId":260551,"journal":{"name":"X‐ray and inner‐shell processes","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130626375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"X‐ray scattering","authors":"R. H. Pratt","doi":"10.1063/1.39853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.39853","url":null,"abstract":"New developments in x‐ray scattering are resulting from the use of synchrotron radiation sources, allowing study of anomalous scattering regimes with high energy resolution and polarized light. S matrix calculations of elastic scattering are in good agreement away from edges, while dispersion relations can be used to predict edge region scattering if a sufficiently broad and precise photoabsorption data base is available. A new S matrix calculation of inelastic scattering indicates there are substantial regimes in which the p↘⋅A↘ as well as the usual ’A2’ term will have to be taken into account, and many circumstances in which the p↘⋅A↘ term will dominate.","PeriodicalId":260551,"journal":{"name":"X‐ray and inner‐shell processes","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114830641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compact soft X‐ray laser","authors":"T. Hara, K. Andō, Y. Aoyagi, H. Yashiro","doi":"10.1063/1.39816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.39816","url":null,"abstract":"For the first time, amplified spontaneous emission of Al ions was observed in a recombining plasma produced by a low‐power driving laser of only 2 joules. This lasing was achieved by sharply focusing a pumping glass laser (5 ns FWHM) to a line 40 μm wide and 12 mm long onto a slab target. The spectral lines (time integrated in the 5–50 nm region were recorded on Kodak SWR plates with a flat‐field‐type grazing incidence spectrograph which axially viewed the plasma at a distance (z) of 0.8 mm from a target surface with a spatial resolution of 200 μm. The measured gain coefficients are 3.4, 4.5, 3.4 and 3.5 for the 10.57 nm 3d–5f and 15.47 nm 3d–4f transitions in Al XI and for the 12.35 nm 3d–5f and 17.78 nm 3d–4f transitions in Al X, respectively. The gain was observed in large area of 500 μm ×600 μm around z=0.8 mm. As Al XI line emissions continue during about 6 ns (FWHM), soft‐X‐ray laser resonator is expected to be effective. The electron temperatures in the plasma in the neighborhood of the target was ...","PeriodicalId":260551,"journal":{"name":"X‐ray and inner‐shell processes","volume":"311 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132519940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correlation satellites in the threshold region","authors":"U. Becker","doi":"10.1063/1.39839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.39839","url":null,"abstract":"Many‐electron effects can be studied most directly via multi‐electron processes such as photoelectron satellites and shake‐off electrons, particularly near threshold and on resonances. The threshold and near‐threshold intensities and angular distributions of photoelectron satellites are examined with respect to threshold behavior, specifically for certain electron correlations contributing to the intensity of these satellities. Selected examples on atomic and molecular photoionization of He, Li, Ne and CO are presented to substantiate the semiempirical concepts that correlations may be identified and further concept that correlations may be identified and further classified by their threshold and near‐threshold behaviour. Our results are also compared with ab initio calculations.Simulataneous multi‐electron ejection processes are studied particularly regarding angular distributions in the near‐threshold region testing some of the fundamental theoretical predictions on shake‐off electrons. Further, conside...","PeriodicalId":260551,"journal":{"name":"X‐ray and inner‐shell processes","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131297927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Double photoionization of copper involving the 3d and 3p subshells","authors":"F. C. Farnoux, G. Dujardin, L. Hellner, M. Adam","doi":"10.1063/1.39798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.39798","url":null,"abstract":"The excitation of the M shell of atomic copper in the 40–125 eV photon energy range with synchrotron radiation (at LURE in Orsay) followed by the detection of Cu+ and Cu2+ ions has allowed us to point out a preferential decay of the Rydberg states 3p53d104snl (1=0 and 2) into double ionization channels (3d9 and 3d84s final ionic states) in contrast to the relaxation of the core excited states 3p53d104s2(2P3/2 and 2P1/2) into single ionization routes (satellite 3d84s2e1 channels, with 1=1 and 3). The present study also shows that the contribution of the direct double photoionization involving the 3d subshell is continuously increasing from the double ionization thresholds and reaching about half the single 3d photoionization cross section in the 100–120 eV energy range, i.e. above the 3p single ionization thresholds.","PeriodicalId":260551,"journal":{"name":"X‐ray and inner‐shell processes","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134478320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Double ionization coincidence spectroscopy","authors":"Volker Achmidt","doi":"10.1063/1.39835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.39835","url":null,"abstract":"Double ionization processes in free atoms and molecules are a direct manifestation of electron correlation and often occur with considerable strength. Due to the ejection of two electrons in the double ionization process, the fragmentation pattern—as characterized by the energy partitioning and the angular distribution of the fragments—become quite complicated. Therefore, a full view can be obtained only through a variety of coincidence experiments.This review deals mainly with photon‐induced double‐ionization processes in atoms and small molecules. Since coincidence experiments involve some basic and intrinsic difficulties, these aspects are treated first. Then it shall be demonstrated how distinct coincidence experiments can help to explore the double‐ionization process with its fragmentation pattern for three different classes of double ionization: direct double photoionization (one‐photon two‐electron emission), two‐step double ionization (photoionization and subsequent Auger decay) and two‐electron e...","PeriodicalId":260551,"journal":{"name":"X‐ray and inner‐shell processes","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115197738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"X‐rays and inner‐shell transitions in the solar atmosphere","authors":"G. Doschek","doi":"10.1063/1.39838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.39838","url":null,"abstract":"During the 1980’s, very high spectral resolution solar X‐ray spectra were obtained from a number of Bragg crystal spectrometer experiments on orbiting spacecraft. Taken together, these instruments covered the solar X‐ray spectrum from about 1.8 A up to about 25 A. Inner‐shell transitions in highly ionized ions were observed for several solar abundant elements, such as iron and calcium. Most of the spectra were obtained from solar flare plasmas at temperatures of about 1–3.5 keV. It was possible to study the time‐behavior of line intensities and line profiles for all phases of a solar flare. From these spectra, the accuracy of certain atomic physics calculations can be determined, and parameters in the solar flare plasma such as electron temperature and density can be measured.The most significant results from these space missions are reviewed, and a new Bragg crystal spectrometer experiment is described. The solar spectra will also be related to some recent laboratory measurements involving tokamak spectr...","PeriodicalId":260551,"journal":{"name":"X‐ray and inner‐shell processes","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117161825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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