Global Journal of Agricultural Research最新文献

{"title":"Determinants of Marketing Margin and Efficiency of Wholesale Marketing of Cocoyam in Southeast, Nigeria","authors":"E. C. Nwankwo, U. Okeke, N. R. Chiekezie, M. Ozor","doi":"10.37745/gjar.2013/vol11n13852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/gjar.2013/vol11n13852","url":null,"abstract":"Cocoyam is highly seasonal and perishable. An efficient wholesale marketing system makes its consumption, round the year possible, reduces postharvest losses for greater marketing margin. This study examined the determinants of marketing margin and efficiency of wholesale marketing of cocoyam in Southeast, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to examine the socio-economic characteristics of cocoyam wholesale marketers, estimate the marketing margin and efficiency of the wholesale marketing of cocoyam and examine the socio-economic factors of the wholesalers affecting their net marketing margin. Multistage, purposive and random sampling techniques were used to generate relevant data using a structured questionnaire administered to 216 cocoyam wholesale marketers in 18 markets in three states of the southeast (Anambra, Enugu and Imo). Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Gross margin and Efficiency Analysis and Multiple Regression) were used to analyse the data. Result on the socio economic characteristics of cocoyam wholesale marketers shows that no marketer was below the age 20 years and above 60 years with the mean age of 46 years. Majority (80%) of the marketers were married with mean family size of 5. The high gross margin of ₦20,387,212 and net marketing margin of ₦2,817,524 indicates profitability and the efficiency coefficient value of 84% indicates a high level of efficiency. The results of the influence of socio-economic variables of the respondents on the net marketing margin shows that six variables (age, marketers` experience, years of formal education, selling price, purchase price and quantity of cocoyam sold) were statistically significant while the remaining variables were not. The R2 value of 0.875 implied that 88% of variation in the net marketing income realized by the marketers was due to variations in the independent variables and the remaining 12% was as a result of stochastic noise. The F-value of 189.390 was statistically significant at 5% level of probability. This implied that socio-economic variables of the respondents together significantly influenced net marketing income, and that regression model was a good fit. It is recommended that adequate facilities such as good road network be provided especially to the rural areas (production site), storage and processing facilities should be subsidized by government for efficient marketing of agricultural produce, especially cocoyam.","PeriodicalId":260376,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114073451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nigerian Land Policy: Issues, Challenges and The Way Forward","authors":"C. U. Ugonabo, C. C. Egolum, R. O. Sado","doi":"10.37745/gjar.2013/vol11n11737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/gjar.2013/vol11n11737","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient administration and management of land ownership, holding and uses cannot be adequately achieved without sound land policy and its effective implementation. Land policy is essentially aimed at ensuring land accessibility to citizens of the society as well as protection of their interests. The contemporary land policy in Nigeria is the Land Use Decree No. 6 of 1978, now Land Use Act (LUA), Cap L5, Laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 2004. This paper aims at undertaking a contemporary review of the issues and challenges of land policy in Nigeria in order to proffer ways to ameliorate them and ensure that land is accessible to citizens at reasonable ease. The issues and challenges of Nigerian land policy include: the abrogation of freehold interest which affect the free market economy; excessive bureaucracy in obtaining Governor’s consent and approval for land transactions and issuance of certificate of occupancy; underdeveloped or bare land not having commercial value according to the LUA which limits the use of land for mortgage and some other purpose transactions; insecurity of private land ownership, etc. National sustainable economic development and growth depend largely on the land policy in operation; hence it should be inclusive and responsive to the needs of all land users. It is therefore recommended that the LUA, should be excised from the 1999 Constitution to ease requisite amendments to address these contemporary issues and challenges of the land system and use.","PeriodicalId":260376,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121680744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Processing Techniques of Kenaf Grain Meal in The Diets of Rabbits","authors":"Y. Popoola, T. Olorungbohunmi, I. Omodewu, M. Oladele-Bukola, S. Ajayi, A. Omole","doi":"10.37745/gjar.2013/vol11n11016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/gjar.2013/vol11n11016","url":null,"abstract":"Kenaf grain is rich in protein and energy but there is need for further processing for maximum utilization by livestock. Feed processing has been found to improve feed intake, weight gain and nutrient digestibility. A total of forty-eight crosses of Chinchilla and white California weaned rabbits of mixed sexes of mean weight 543.45±3.6g were used for the feeding trial that lasted for 90 days. Kenaf grain was processed by three different methods before incorporation with other feed ingredients. Four diets were formulated in which kenaf grain was not processed which served as Control (P1), Diet 2 (P2), Roasting of KG, Diet 3 (P3), Soaking of KG in water for 24 hours before air-drying, Diet 4 (P4), Cooking of KGM with water for 10 minutes before air-drying. The diets were formulated to contain 16% crude protein and energy of 2600kcal Metabolizable Energy/kg. Data were collected on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and nutrient digestibility among others. The feed intake was significantly higher in P2, P3 and P4 containing roasted soaked and cooked kenaf grain meal as compared to diet containing unprocessed kenaf grain meal (P<0.05). The weight gain of the rabbits improved when KGM was roasted, cooked or soaked before incorporated with other feed ingredients (P<0.05). The efficiency of feed utilization was relatively similar in the diets containing processed kenaf grain meal. The crude protein and crude fibre digestibility were lowered at P1 containing diet with raw KGM (P>0.05). The results of carcass analysis showed that the dressed weight and dressing percentage were better in the diet containing processed KGM. It could be concluded that processing of kenaf grain meal by roasting, soaking and blanching improved feed intake, nutrients digestibility, weight gain and dressing percentage of rabbits.","PeriodicalId":260376,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134284437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Corporation’sImpact on Students’ Attitudes Toward Self-Reliance from Conceptual Point of View","authors":"Markus Sadiq Aliyu, Ubali Suleiman Dawa, Dahiru Ahmad Muhammad","doi":"10.37745/gjar.2013/vol11n119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/gjar.2013/vol11n119","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed at assessing the impact of Nigerian agricultural insurance corporation among students of vocational and technical education towards self-reliance on agricultural production. The study identified the impact of the scheme among the vocational and technical education students and determined the level of awareness among vocational and technical education students. At this time, the agricultural sector has seen a variety of losses, including persistent flooding and herders-farmers’ clashes, among others. It is therefore necessary to insure farmers (students) to reduce the shock of losing their investment at any stage of production and to become financially independent after school life. However, inadequate execution of agriculture insurance policy has also contributed to the sector's low investor influx, this might be attributable to high loan default rates and significant administrative costs associated with managing small-scale agricultural transactions. It is consequently imperative for the government to intervene in this sectorial investment, especially given the need of diversifying Nigeria's oil-based economy. At this time, it is essential to Make the NAIC mode highly accessible to students in rural regions. Unfortunately, due to their subsistence operation, the majority of these students found it impossible to satisfy the scheme's standards. Furthermore, students must be encouraged to organize themselves into a powerful organization (farmer's cooperative) in order to increase their access to land.","PeriodicalId":260376,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126226429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Construction of Combined Drip and Sprinkler Irrigation Prototype for Instructional Delivery in Agricultural Education in College of Education, Zing, Taraba State, Nigeria","authors":"J. D. Tsojon","doi":"10.37745/gjar.2013/vol10n519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/gjar.2013/vol10n519","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to design and construct a drip and sprinkler combined prototype irrigation for instructional delivery in College of Education, Zing, Taraba State, Nigeria. The need for a facility such as this cannot be over-emphasized as it will enhance academic achievement of students of agriculture. The design was based on combined drip and sprinkler irrigation methods for teaching and learning. The study presents a novel combined irrigation system that is suitable for instructional delivery in institutions of learning. The result shows that the discharge of individual emitters/drippers and sprinklers delivered water adequately, wetting and sprinkling water, by the combined methods to the desired areas. The study recommends, among others, that such a novel irrigation facility should be established in institutions of learning, in Nigeria, to enhance instructional delivery in agricultural education.","PeriodicalId":260376,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128638408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Ability Estimates and Heterosis for Yield and Yield Components in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Nigeria","authors":"Sahabi Ayuba, T. Vange, G. Ojo, A. E. Ochigbo","doi":"10.37745/gjar.2013/vol10n51027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/gjar.2013/vol10n51027","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to determine the combining ability estimates and heterosis for yield and yield components in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Nigeria. A seven plant diallel was planted across three locations using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Parameters assessed include days to 50% heading, plant heights, panicle lengths, panicle weights, number of seeds per panicle, number of productive tillers, number of panicle branches, yields per hectare, 100 grain weight. Assessment of GCA and SCA were carried out. Percentage heterosis were also determined for all traits studied. Significantly higher yield was recorded by P5, P4, P3, P6, P7, P2, and P1 with means of 5.86t/ha, 5.26 t/ha, 5.09 t/ha, 4.94 t/ha, 4.91 t/ha, 4.74 t/ha and 4.49 t/ha respectively across three locations studied. Hybrids P1xP5, P3xP6, P4xP7, P3xP5 produced significantly higher yields of 6.14 t/ha, 6.13 t/ha, 6.22 t/ha), 6.95 t/ha compared to their parental means. Similarly, significant difference were recorded in all other traits studied among parents and hybrids. GCA means squares were significantly higher than that of SCA for most of the traits studied. Additive variance was shown to predominate for plant heights and productive tillers while dominance was higher in yield per plants. Narrow sense heritability was higher on days to flowering, plant heights, panicle length and productive tillers. Yield in general was found to be significantly higher for combining ability in P5, P3 and P4. The overall GCA status for the ten agronomical traits studied showed that P5, P3, P1 and P2 are higher general combiners. Hybrids P3xP5, P5xP6, P2xP3, P5xP7 and P2xP7 produced higher total overall SCA, however, some produced more dominance on a particular trait than others. Both positive and negative heterosis for mid-parent, standard and better parent were also observed.","PeriodicalId":260376,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121878407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Hydrocarbon Contaminated Irrigation Water On Some Selected Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Sudan Savannah Alfisols","authors":"A. Sani, A. Isah, U. Adamu, I. Adam, M. Garba, N. Abdullahi, M. Dandago, A. Haruna, J. Aliyu, R. Aliyu, Muhammad Auwal","doi":"10.37745/gjar.2013/vol10n52846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/gjar.2013/vol10n52846","url":null,"abstract":"Due to fresh water scarcity challenges around the world, high increase in the demand for agricultural irrigation water from different sources including hydrocarbon contaminated wastewater increases. However, these wastewaters can alter soil physical and chemical properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the hydrocarbon contaminated irrigation water on some selected soil physical and chemical properties from three phases of Sharada industrial area, Kano, Nigeria. Soil and water samples were collected from three different phases of the industrial area and analyzed using standard laboratory procedures. The hydrocarbon irrigation water quality analyses indicated that the hydrocarbon concentration in all phases was low and below irrigation reuse standard. However, the major irrigation water quality parameters; chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), hydrogen carbonate (HCO3), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), potassium (K), chlorine (Cl) and orthophosphate phosphorus (PO4-P) in all phases were all high and above irrigation reuse standard in comparison to other parameters that were compliant to standard according to literature. Pertaining the impact of the hydrocarbon irrigation water on soil properties, results revealed that soil texture was sandy loam and loamy sand, pH was neutral while bulk density (BD), electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), potassium (K), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and phosphorus (P) were increased and higher compared with control soils. However, they are low in terms of concentration when compared with literature rating standard except P. Moreover, Ca, Mg, CEC and P of the soils showed significant variation statistically (P<0.05) in comparison to the remaining soil properties that recorded no significant statistical difference (P>0.05) in all phases and control soils after irrigation with the hydrocarbon wastewater. Overall, the research indicated that, the hydrocarbon wastewater was not fit for irrigation and has impacted relatively on some physical and chemical soil properties. Hence, all industries in Sharada should be directed by authorities to avoid direct discharge of their effluents without thorough quality investigation. In addition, farmers should also be educated to periodically monitor and assess the irrigation water quality of the effluents prior to application as well as incorporation of organic and inorganic amendments in the irrigated soils to uplift the concentration of the soil properties with concomitant improvement in soil fertility and quality of the study area.","PeriodicalId":260376,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122028745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Composting Technique of Empty Palm Oil Bunches Waste by The Applicaton of Diverse Moles to Increase Quality of Compost and Chili Growth","authors":"Sri Ngapiyatun, H. Aziza, Fadli Mulyadi, Wartomo Wartomo, J. Jamaluddin","doi":"10.37745/gjar.2013/vol10n55569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/gjar.2013/vol10n55569","url":null,"abstract":"The process of palm oil bunches in the factory produces abundant wastes, both solid and liquid wastes, whereas the processing of 1 ton palm oil bunches will produce 21-23% empty bunches and 0.4-0.7 tons liquid wastes. However, it is the biggest problem that must be faced by the palm oil industries and it creates environmental pollution due to it contains pollutant, and some solutions are required to overcome these problems. Composting technique is the right solution for the problems by turning the wastes into organic fertilizer (compost). Naturally, it takes longer time for the organic wastes to decompose into organic fertilizer so that an activator is required to accelerate the decomposition by adding MOL or local microorganism, which is made from the wastes of shrimp heads, fish bones, and banana humps, and according to the preliminary research, they are very effective to accelerate the composting and fermenting process. Objectives of the research were: 1) analyzing physical properties of the compost (color, odor, shape, texture, temperature, and the day when the compost is ready to be used), 2) analyzing the nutrient content of the compost based on the treatments that include C/N Ratio, phosphor, nitrogen, calcium, potassium, sulfur, magnesium, and pH, 3) finding out quality of the compost resulted from the research by comparing it with the compost standard based on the standard of SNI 19-7030-2004, and 4) measuring the best vegetative growth of chili after being treated. Results of the research showed that 1) the compost is well-done at the 37th day as marked by the physical properties, for instance, loose texture, crushed-shape, brownish black, odorless, and the temperature is stable close to room temperature, 2) Compared to standard of SNI 19-7030-2004, the resulted compost has met the standard for pH H2O, N, P, and K, but it has not met the standard for C Organic and C/N ratio, 3) The growth of chili, the plant height and leaf width, did not show significant difference by the treatment of P0, P1, P2, and P3, but it showed significant difference on number of leaves, leaf length, and diameter. However, P3 is the best treatment based on average value of the increase plant height of 11.40 cm, number of leaves is about 10.75, leaf width of 2.35 cm, leaf length of 0.50 cm, and stem diameter of 3.99 mm.","PeriodicalId":260376,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132484198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treated wastewater irrigation effects on aggregate stability of Sandy loam soils in Semi-arid Tropical Zone of Nigeria","authors":"A. Sani, U. Adamu, B. Hayatu, I. Adam, R. Aliyu, M. Garba, J. Aliyu, H. Almu, N. Abdulkadir","doi":"10.37745/gjar.2013/vol10n4115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/gjar.2013/vol10n4115","url":null,"abstract":"Irrigation with treated wastewater (TWW) for agricultural production is gradually becoming very important recycling option that substitutes fresh water (FW) particularly in water stressed regions like the Semi-arid Tropical zone of Nigeria. However, owing to high salt concentrations, dissolved organic matter and organic compounds found in the TWW occasionally, its application can have potential adversative impacts such as reduction of soil aggregate stability (SAS), which in turn affects soil quality. To assess the impact of TWW irrigation in comparison to FW irrigation on soils aggregation and SAS, wet sieving technique and the relationship of coefficient of variation (KV) and Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) were applied, while normal standard procedure was used for determination of some selected soil chemical and physical characteristics. The results indicated that the application of TWW increased the soil aggregate stability, and significantly highest (P<0.05) in phase III soils compared to other phases and control treated soils possibly due to relatively high organic matter content in the TWW sites compared to FW sites. Furthermore, the TWW is characterized by low concentration of salinity and sodicity parameters such as EC and Na, and comparatively high microbial glue like adhesive substances from the OC of the TWW soils. This in turn improve the aggregation, structural stability of the topsoil on one hand, and reduce the soils vulnerability to erosion on the other hand by binding micro-aggregates together to form macro-aggregates and larger pore spaces between micro-aggregates. Consequently, leading to improved water infiltration and permeability. Overall, the results indicated that the use of TWW for irrigation is a viable option, but care should be taken on the type and composition of the TWW particularly with regards to soluble salts concentration, organic and inorganic substances, as they can influence soils aggregate stability with other soil physical and chemical properties. This will consequently affect general soil quality and crop yield.","PeriodicalId":260376,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130516304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey on the Severity of Xanthomonas Axonopodis PV Malvacearum and its Management in Adamawa State, Nigeria","authors":"N. Z. Tuti","doi":"10.37745/gjar.2013/vol10n43038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/gjar.2013/vol10n43038","url":null,"abstract":"Prevalence survey on bacterial blight disease of cotton were carried out in some cotton growing locations in Adamawa State in 2018 to determine the severity of the disease in the study areas and the best combinations of cotton genotypes and plant extracts in the management of the disease. Results of the survey revealed the presence of the disease with variable percentage severities with Yola South recording the highest severity of 67.03%, followed by Guyuk (58.24%) while the least severity of 35.97% was recorded in Lamurde Local Government Area respectively. Results further showed that the combination of SAMCOT 8 cotton variety with Allium sativum as plant extract (50%) gave the best control of the disease during the study. This study has revealed the presence of the diseases in these locations with varying levels of severities. Further studies of the disease and other diseases in other locations needs to be carried out so as to determine the most effective management strategy.","PeriodicalId":260376,"journal":{"name":"Global Journal of Agricultural Research","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115985876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}