{"title":"OFDM based visible light communication with probabilistic shaping","authors":"T. Gutema, H. Haas, W. Popoola","doi":"10.1145/3412449.3412548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3412449.3412548","url":null,"abstract":"A visible light communication (VLC) system using probabilistically shaped orthogonal frequency multiplexed (OFDM) modulation is presented. The average symbol energy of probabilistically shaped OFDM modulation is investigated for different modulation orders of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) under different entropy scenarios. Furthermore, the symbol error performance of the probabilistically shaped OFDM system under additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel condition is evaluated. The probabilistically shaped OFDM system outperforms the uniformly distributed in the symbol error ratio performance. For 256-QAM with an entropy of 7.84 bits, we have shown a 3 dB gain in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per symbol compared to uniform 256-QAM at a symbol error ratio of 10-3. This gain increases to 5.5 dB by decreasing the entropy to 6.80 bits.","PeriodicalId":260002,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Light Up the IoT","volume":"88 3-4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131491055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Behnaz Majlesein, Julio Francisco Rufo Torres, Daniel Moreno, V. Guerra, J. Rabadán
{"title":"Underwater optical camera communications based on a multispectral camera and spectral variations of the LED emission","authors":"Behnaz Majlesein, Julio Francisco Rufo Torres, Daniel Moreno, V. Guerra, J. Rabadán","doi":"10.1145/3412449.3412554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3412449.3412554","url":null,"abstract":"Optical Camera Communication (OCC) applications have intensively used in recent years. Underwater Optical Wireless Communications (UWOC) are one of the most viable alternatives today in underwater environments, compared to traditional acoustic communications or radio communications. UWOC present important and remarkable advantages such as their available bandwidth and the possibility of using COTS devices already present in underwater environments such as LED lighting lamps. This work proposes using a multispectral or hyperspectral camera as an OCC receiver, in short range underwater links, to take advantage of the high spectral resolution of this type of devices regarding conventional cameras. Furthermore, spectral features of the LEDs, usually used as transmitters in OCC, are affected by temperature. Hence, one of the goals of this work is to benefit from those spectral variations that will be grasped by the multispectral camera and thus achieve a new data channel. Therefore, different communication channels could be obtained from a single light source.","PeriodicalId":260002,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Light Up the IoT","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114536266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mir, Borja Genovés Guzmán, Ander Galisteo, D. Giustiniano
{"title":"Non-linearity of LEDs for VLC IoT applications","authors":"M. Mir, Borja Genovés Guzmán, Ander Galisteo, D. Giustiniano","doi":"10.1145/3412449.3412552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3412449.3412552","url":null,"abstract":"Visible light communication (VLC) is a promising technology to satisfy the increasing demand of wireless communication services. The generalized idea of modulating the signal within the light-emitting diode (LED) linear region is considered the de-facto approach for high-speed communication. This paper shows that this is not the most appropriate choice for the Internet of Things (IoT) applications, where the communication range is of greater importance once a sufficient communication rate is reached. In order to improve the communication range, we propose to exploit the full non-linear region of an LED transceiver while maintaining constant illumination. We show that working in the full LED region can provide received electrical power gains in the mobile IoT tag of around 15 dB. We achieve this without affecting the communication rate for IoT applications, and at the penalty of about 10% increase in the total energy consumption of LEDs. We further demonstrate that exploiting the non-linear region of LEDs is beneficial for mobile tags that employ a solar cell for receiving data at high data rates.","PeriodicalId":260002,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Light Up the IoT","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114996754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Why intermittent computing could unlock low-power visible light communication: position paper","authors":"J. S. Broadhead, P. Pawełczak","doi":"10.1145/3412449.3412546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3412449.3412546","url":null,"abstract":"Intermittent computing could be combined with low-powered visible light communication systems to facilitate novel sensor networks. This position paper provides a framework for future research by highlighting synergies between the technologies, and explores how techniques developed in intermittently-powered systems can be used to provide enhanced stability to ultra-low power visible light communication.","PeriodicalId":260002,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Light Up the IoT","volume":"4 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123652699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating LED-camera communication for drones","authors":"Bhawana Chhaglani, A. Anand, Nakul Garg, A. Ashok","doi":"10.1145/3412449.3412889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3412449.3412889","url":null,"abstract":"This work explores the idea of using LED-camera communication for drone communication. In particular, this research positions the idea of using optical wireless links using LED transmitters and camera/image sensor receivers to communicate between ground and drones and between drones. While the concept opens an opportunity for a complementary line-of-sight (LOS) technology to radio frequency (RF) wireless to enable drone communication, it also raises fundamental research questions as to the ability to communicate under harsh mobile settings inherent to drones. To this end, in this paper, we present an empirical study of LED-camera communication performance for ground-drone communication under different mobile settings or trajectories of the drone. Through a bit-error-rate (BER) metric based evaluation of the performance, we evaluate the quality of drone-ground uplink and downlink LED-communication under real-world mobile conditions. Through insights from the BER evaluation, we highlight the fundamental challenges to be addressed that limit the practicality of drone visible light communication (VLC).","PeriodicalId":260002,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Light Up the IoT","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122637669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Passive visible light networks: taxonomy and opportunities","authors":"Qing Wang, Marco Zúñiga","doi":"10.1145/3412449.3412551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3412449.3412551","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial lighting has been used mainly for illumination for more than a century. Only recently, we have started to transform our lighting infrastructure to provide new services such as sensing and communication. These advancements have two key requirements: the ability to modulate light sources (for data transmission) and the presence of photodetectors on objects (for data reception). These requirements assume that the system has direct control over the transmitter and receiver, as in any traditional communication system. But not all lights can be modulated, and most objects do not have photodetectors. To overcome these limitations, researchers are developing novel networks that (i) exploit passive light sources that cannot be directly modulated, such as the sun, and (ii) leverage reflections from the external surfaces of objects to create a new generation of sensing and communication networks with visible light that is sustainable and does not require active control over the system. In this survey, we propose a taxonomy to analyze state-of-the-art contributions. We also identify the overarching principles, challenges, and opportunities of this new rising area.","PeriodicalId":260002,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Light Up the IoT","volume":"48 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114042054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Passive visible light positioning systems: an overview","authors":"Jagdeep Singh, Usman Raza","doi":"10.1145/3412449.3412553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3412449.3412553","url":null,"abstract":"Localization is one of the key applications of visible light communication (VLC) using which sub-centimeter level positioning accuracy is possible. Many visible light-based positioning (VLP) systems have been designed by industry and the research community. Their commercial viability is hampered by the requirement of significant changes in the deployed lighting infrastructure, resulting in a prohibitive increase in the cost and overhead of deployment. In this paper, we review passive VLP systems an emerging paradigm that offers hope to overcome this challenge and thus can catalyze commercial adoption of a new wave of VLP systems. Unlike active systems, passive ones provide unprecedented flexibility and can enable new potential applications and scenarios such as ability to track users not carrying photosensors. Both natural light sources e.g., sunlight and artificial man-made sources can be used to transmit location information. This paper provides a taxonomy of recently proposed passive VLP systems which is supported by several examples from the recent research literature. A comparative performance of these systems based on factors like accuracy and infrastructure changes is provided along with their limitations.","PeriodicalId":260002,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Light Up the IoT","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132914689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FLight","authors":"Nan Cen","doi":"10.1145/3412449.3412549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3412449.3412549","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networking has been unleashed to be a key technology to enable massive numbers of novel applications in future Internet of Things (IoTs) and 5G networks. However, scaling out of zillions of mobile devices, drones and objects in IoT will inevitably lead to the dreaded spectrum crunch problem. To alleviate the scarce radio spectrum problem, in this paper, we envision using visible light communication (VLC) for wireless UAV networks to unlock the capacity and propose FLight, a programmable visible-light-band wireless UAV networking system. Unlike RF communications, two main challenges in FLight are (i) limited network coverage because of significant pass loss, and (ii) intermittent visible light connections due to blockage-rich environments. In this paper, we discuss the key research components and open challenges in implementing FLight. By combining VLC and drone networking, FLight opens the way for a new class of applications that will benefit from ground-air and air-air communication.","PeriodicalId":260002,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Light Up the IoT","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125287297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sajad Saghaye-Polkoo, Pooya Nabavi, M. Yuksel, Kyle Renshaw
{"title":"Multi-LED multi-datastream dome bulb for dense visible light communication networks","authors":"Sajad Saghaye-Polkoo, Pooya Nabavi, M. Yuksel, Kyle Renshaw","doi":"10.1145/3412449.3412550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3412449.3412550","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider multi-datastream VLC networks serving dense IoT deployments and propose a \"dome bulb\" that consists of a multi-LED array with a dome-shaped lens structure to separate each LED's beam for spatial reuse. Each LED has Lambertian irradiance distribution that can be collected and directed to receiver location using a wide field-of-view (FOV) lens system. Within the FOV, each LED's divergence angle is narrowed to improve spatial reuse, which also brings the problem of spotty lighting. We analyze the dome bulb in terms of illumination uniformity and Signal-to-Interference-Noise Ratio (SINR) provided to receivers in the room. We also present a channel model based on the simulated SINR.","PeriodicalId":260002,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Light Up the IoT","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116729777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Embracing collisions: enabling parallel channel estimation with COTS passive backscatter tags","authors":"Jiaqi Xu, Wei Sun, Arjun Bakshi, K. Srinivasan","doi":"10.1145/3412449.3412545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3412449.3412545","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing interest in backscatter-based sensing systems in recent years. RFID techniques can be used due to low cost and structural simplicity. However, collision caused by simultaneous tag responses is one of the key issues in backscatter systems. Existing anti-collision techniques try to enable parallel decoding without sensing based applications in mind, which can not operate on COTS RFID systems. To address the issue, we propose COFFEE, which is the first work to enable parallel channel estimation of COTS passive tags by harnessing the collision. By exploiting the characteristics of low sampling rate and channel diversity of passive tags, we separate the collided data, extract the channels and identify the tags. COFFEE is compatible with current RFID standards which can be applied to all RFID-based sensing systems without any modification on tag side. To evaluate the real world performance of our system, we build a prototype and conduct extensive experiments. The experimental results show that we can achieve up to 7.33x median time resolution gain for the best case and 3.42x median gain on average.","PeriodicalId":260002,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Light Up the IoT","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115377001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}