Optical Sensing, Imaging, and Photon Counting: From X-Rays to THz 2019最新文献

{"title":"Front Matter: Volume 11088","authors":"","doi":"10.1117/12.2552578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2552578","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259747,"journal":{"name":"Optical Sensing, Imaging, and Photon Counting: From X-Rays to THz 2019","volume":"244 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115623869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-modality super-resolution in fluorescence microscopy enabled by generative adversarial networks (Conference Presentation)","authors":"Hongda Wang, Y. Rivenson, Yiyin Jin, Zhensong Wei, R. Gao, H. Gunaydin, L. Bentolila, C. Kural, Aydogan Ozcan","doi":"10.1117/12.2528979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2528979","url":null,"abstract":"We present a cross-modality super-resolution microscopy method based on the generative adversarial network (GAN) framework. Using a trained convolutional neural network, our method takes a low-resolution image acquired with one microscopic imaging modality, and super-resolves it to match the resolution of the image of the same sample captured with another higher resolution microscopy modality. This cross-modality super-resolution method is purely data-driven, i.e., it does not rely on any knowledge of the image formation model, or the point-spread-function. First, we demonstrated the success of our method by super-resolving wide-field fluorescence microscopy images captured with a low-numerical aperture (NA=0.4) objective to match the resolution of images captured with a higher NA objective (NA=0.75). Next, we applied our method to confocal microscopy to super-resolve closely spaced nano-particles and Histone3 sites within HeLa cell nuclei, matching the resolution of stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy images of the same samples. Our method was also verified by super-resolving the diffraction-limited total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy images, matching the resolution of TIRF-SIM (structured illumination microscopy) images of the same samples, which revealed endocytic protein dynamics in SUM159 cells and amnioserosa tissues of a Drosophila embryo. The super-resolved object features in the network output show strong agreement with the ground truth SIM reconstructions, which were synthesized using 9 diffraction-limited TIRF images, each with structured illumination. Other than resolution enhancement, our method also offers an extended depth-of-field and improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the network inferred images compared against the corresponding ground truth images.","PeriodicalId":259747,"journal":{"name":"Optical Sensing, Imaging, and Photon Counting: From X-Rays to THz 2019","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115444945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient on-chip integratable metasurface devices for polarimetric detection and imaging (Conference Presentation)","authors":"Yu Yao, A. Basiri, Jing Bai, Xiahui Chen, Jiawei Zuo, Chao Wang","doi":"10.1117/12.2527337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2527337","url":null,"abstract":"Optical metasurface refers to a kind of nanostructured material with sub-wavelength thickness and on-demand optical properties, which are not possible for natural materials. By rationally engineering the metasurface structures, one could achieve new capabilities for the manipulation of light, e.g., ultra-thin flat lenses, waveplates and holographic plates. Yet, the optical efficiency and performance of most metasurface-based devices are yet to improve to meet the requirements for real-world applications. In this talk, I will present our research on highly efficient on-chip integratable metasurface devices for ultra-compact polarimetric detection and imaging devices. \u0000I will discuss about our approach to realize highly efficient broadband hybrid metasurfaces (based on integrated dielectric and plasmonic metasurfaces) for phase and polarization control of light in near infrared wavelength (1.2-1.7 µm). We have theoretically investigated and experimentally demonstrated circular polarization (CP) detection with CP extinction ratio (defined as the ratio between the transmission of CP light with desired handedness and that of CP light with the other handedness) of 30 and transmission efficiency over 80%. \u0000I will also discuss about another approach of realizing highly efficient plasmonic metasurfaces for phase and polarization control of light in mid-infrared wavelength (2-12 µm). Despite the high ohmic loss of plasmonic metasurfaces, I will show that by rationally designing the metasurface structure, it is possible to realize highly efficient plasmonic devices with superior performance. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we have designed and experimentally demonstrated CP polarization filters with transmission efficiency >85% and CP extinction ratio >50 at 4 µm (bandwidth > 600 nm for CP extinction ratio> 10). The total thickness of the metasurface structure is less than 1/10 of the operational wavelength. \u0000Last but not the least, I will present our recent progress on chip-integration of metasurface devices for full-stokes polarimetric detection and imaging.","PeriodicalId":259747,"journal":{"name":"Optical Sensing, Imaging, and Photon Counting: From X-Rays to THz 2019","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124937913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum transport at Dirac point enables molecularly doped graphene for terahertz heterodyne astronomy (Conference Presentation)","authors":"S. Lara‐Avila, A. Danilov, D. Golubev, Hans He, Kyung Ho Kim, R. Yakimova, F. Lombardi, T. Bauch, S. Cherednichenko, S. Kubatkin","doi":"10.1117/12.2530944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2530944","url":null,"abstract":"Further leaps in astronomy demand new detector materials and devices reaching the fundamental detection limit1. Superconducting hot-electron bolometer (S-HEB) mixers form the baseline for modern astronomical receivers above 1 THz. In these, the wave beating between the Local Oscillator (LO) and the THz signal causes temperature oscillations in a metal around the transition temperature, at the Intermediate Frequency (IF), enabling read-out through changes in electrical resistance R (resistive read-out) as long as the temperature can follow the signal modulation. Despite huge efforts, the instantaneous bandwidth in practical niobium nitride (NbN)-based S-HEB mixers does not exceed 4-5GHz, limited by the electron temperature relaxation rates. The search for new materials lead to MgB2 devices,2 where 11 GHz bandwidths and a 1000K noise temperature are possible but at the expense of high LO power requirements, which is particularly detrimental for array applications. Beyond superconducting materials, charge-neutral graphene has been discussed as an ideal platform for terahertz bolometric direct detectors due to its small heat capacity and weak electron-phonon coupling. However, absence of large-area graphene homogeneously doped to Dirac point hinders any prospects for practical detectors in astronomy and other sensing applications. Furthermore, negligible temperature dependent resistance has kept this approach as not acceptable for bolometric mixers where voltage read-out is required. \u0000Here we investigate graphene that is doped to the Dirac point by assembly of molecular dopants on its surface with a high uniformity across the wafer2. With the resistance dominated by quantum localization, and thermal relaxation of carriers governed by electron diffusion, we demonstrate a graphene bolometric terahertz mixer with a gain bandwidth (presently) of 9 GHz (relaxation time 20 ps) and a mixer noise temperature of 475 K. We conclude that with the present quality of graphene, optimization of the device layout will result in a mixer noise temperature as low as 36 K and a gain bandwidth exceeding 20 GHz, with a Local Oscillator power of < 100 pW for operation temperatures <1K. Given the scalability of the material and in conjunction with emerging quantum-limited amplifiers in the GHz domain, we envisage large arrays of quantum–limited sensors in the THz domain for radio astronomy, potentially surpassing superconductor-based heterodyne detectors.\u0000\u0000References\u0000\u0000[1] M. Rowan-Robinson, “Astronomy. Probing the cold universe” Science 325, 546–7 (2009).\u0000[2] E. Novoselov and S. Cherednichenko, “Low noise terahertz MgB2 hot-electron bolometer mixers with an 11 GHz bandwidth” Appl. Phys. Lett. 110, 032601 (2017).","PeriodicalId":259747,"journal":{"name":"Optical Sensing, Imaging, and Photon Counting: From X-Rays to THz 2019","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131107851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The deeply depleted graphene-insulator-semiconductor junction: a versatile approach towards light sensing across the electromagnetic spectrum (Conference Presentation)","authors":"I. Ruiz, M. Goldflam, T. Beechem, S. Howell","doi":"10.1117/12.2527312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2527312","url":null,"abstract":"The deeply depleted graphene-insulator-semiconductor (D2GOS) junction has been shown to be a promising device structure for photon detection, due to its high responsivity, signal to noise ratio and ability for direct readout of individual pixels. One of the unique advantages of this architecture is its ease of exchangeability to other semiconductor absorber material, with the major caveat of realizing a functional device is to be able to deplete the semiconductor in the graphene-insulator-semiconductor (GOS) stack. This allows the opportunity to design GOS junctions to selective absorption cutoffs by choosing bulk semiconductors with the appropriate bandgaps. In this work, recent progress in demonstrating the D2GOS detectors across the mid-Infrared to gamma ray spectrum is discussed, using a variety of semiconductor absorbers (InSb, InAs, InGaAs, Si, and CdZnTe), along with the challenges associated with working with each absorber type. It is shown that the semiconductor/insulator interface defect density and graphene mobility are the two critical determinants in improving the D2GOS junction’s integration lifetime, responsivity and signal to noise ratio. Reduction of defects the semiconductor/insulator interface are demonstrated by employing surface passivation of the semiconductor through the deposition of a thin high-quality oxide, specific to each semiconductor. This is shown to dramatically reduce the dark charge generation in the device, resulting in improvements in integration lifetime, responsivity and signal to noise ratio. Finally, the device performance between 77 K and 300 K are compared, demonstrating an increase in performance at lower temperatures, due to further reduction of dark charge generation. \u0000\u0000Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.","PeriodicalId":259747,"journal":{"name":"Optical Sensing, Imaging, and Photon Counting: From X-Rays to THz 2019","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129353757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Femtosecond optical imaging of nanostructures using ultrafast ultramicroscopy (Conference Presentation)","authors":"Mohamed El Kabbash, Chunlei Guo, Ranran Fang, S. Singh","doi":"10.1117/12.2528336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2528336","url":null,"abstract":"Imaging transient dynamics of materials and light-matter interaction at the nanoscale is of great interest to the study of condensed phase dynamics and to the field of nano-photonics. However, optical interrogation of the ultrafast dynamics of nanostructures has not been demonstrated as they are diffraction limited. Furthermore, optical methods are limited due to the low scattering of nanostructures and the strong background reflection. Accordingly, The ultrafast imaging of laser induced nanostructure melting was demonstrated via femtosecond x-ray diffraction imaging which provided relatively high temporal (~10 ps) and high spatial (~10 nm) resolution. However, this technique suffers from the inherent difficulty of using a femtosecond X-ray laser source and the damaging nature of the femtosecond X-ray laser probe required for single-shot imaging. Consequently, X-ray pump-probe imaging was never used to image the re-solidification dynamics of surface structures. On the other hand, cryo-electron microscopy achieved sub-nanometer resolution for single particles, however, it requires experiments to be performed in vacuum with highly specialized and costly instrumentation. Here, we we employ a time-resolved variant of ultramicroscopy that we recently developed to study the ultrafast dynamics of laser ablated surfaces. The technique is non-destructive and allows us to compare the transient image with the initial/final image. Accordingly, we determine the characteristic times for melting and re-solidification of nanostructures using optical wavelengths. We also study the formation and melting of Si nanostructures and image, for the first time, the process of non-thermal melting which occurs on the sub-picosecond time scale.","PeriodicalId":259747,"journal":{"name":"Optical Sensing, Imaging, and Photon Counting: From X-Rays to THz 2019","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128806153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metamaterial-enhanced quantum infrared detectors (Conference Presentation)","authors":"Y. Todorov","doi":"10.1117/12.2528672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2528672","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most fascinating properties of metallic metamaterial resonators is their ability to concentrate large electric fields into sub-wavelength regions of space. This property was already highlighted in the seminal paper of J. Pendry, where the concept of metamaterials was first introduced [1]. We recently showed that this property, together with antenna effects can be very beneficial for infrared quantum detectors [2], such as quantum well infrared detectors (QWIPs) and quantum cascade detectors (QCD). For such devices thermally activated dark current imposes cryogenic cooling, which limits their applications. The combination of the absorbing region with metallic metamaterial allows a substantial increase of the light absorption area with respect to the electrical area of the device. As a consequence, the thermal dark current is reduced and the high temperature detectivity is strongly enhanced. I will present our recent implementation of this concept with QWIP detectors operating at lambda~9µm, that were processed in a metamaterial of double-metal patch antenna arrays . In this case, we not only achieve room temperature operation, but also benefit from the intrinsic high speed of QWIP detectors to obtain heterodyne receivers in the GHz band [3]. In a second part, I will discuss THz metamaterial resonators that were specially designed for intersubband detectors [4], and that would allow further improvements of the detector performance. Reference: [1] J. B. Pendry et al. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. 47, 2075 (1999). [2] D. Palaferri et al. New J. Phys. 18, 113016 (2016). [3] D. Palaferri et al. Nature 556, 85 (2018). [4] A. Mottaghizadeh et al. Opt. Express 25, 28718 (2017).","PeriodicalId":259747,"journal":{"name":"Optical Sensing, Imaging, and Photon Counting: From X-Rays to THz 2019","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131705248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}