Information Theory & Research eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Stochastic Adaptive Learning With Committed Players in Games With Strict Nash Equilibria","authors":"Naoki Funai","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3944342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3944342","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate the condition under which players of an adaptive learning model, including the one of stochastic fictitious play learning, learn to follow a logit quantal response equilibrium corresponding to a strict Nash equilibrium, the one which approaches the Nash equilibrium as the noise term approaches zero. In particular, we consider the situation in which adaptive players face a fixed normal form game repeatedly and may interact with committed players, who do not revise their behaviour and follow a specific strategy in each period. When committed players follow a logit quantal response equilibrium corresponding to a strict Nash equilibrium and the probability of each adaptive player interacting with committed players is large enough, we show that adaptive players learn to follow the equilibrium that committed players follow almost surely; we also show that any strict Nash equilibrium can be logit quantal response equilibrium approachable so that we can pick any strict Nash equilibrium for committed players to follow. Also, we show that when the probability of interacting with committed players is small, players of a more general adaptive learning model, including the ones of stochastic fictitious play learning, payoff assessment learning and delta learning may learn to follow an equilibrium different from the one committed players follow with positive probability. Lastly, we also consider the case in which there do not exist committed players and show that when players of the general adaptive learning model have enough experience and their behaviour is close enough to a logit quantal response equilibrium corresponding to a strict Nash equilibrium, then their behaviour converges to the equilibrium with probability close to one.","PeriodicalId":259640,"journal":{"name":"Information Theory & Research eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128266560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and Inventory Dynamics Under Ambiguity Aversion","authors":"FRB of Kansas City Submitter, Yulei Luo, Jun Nie, Xiaowen Wang, Eric R. Young","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3915108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3915108","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a production-cost smoothing model with Knightian uncertainty and ambiguity aversion to study the joint behavior of production, inventories, and sales. Our model can explain four facts that previous studies find difficult to account for simultaneously: (i) the high volatility of production relative to sales, (ii) the low ratio of inventory-investment volatility to sales volatility, (iii) the positive correlation between sales and inventories, and (iv) the negative correlation between the inventory-to- sales ratio and sales. We find that the stock-out avoidance","PeriodicalId":259640,"journal":{"name":"Information Theory & Research eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126121006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Information Structure and Organization Performance: Evidence from the Imperial Bureaucracy of China","authors":"Xiaoming Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3849139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3849139","url":null,"abstract":"Differences in information between senders and receivers can result in inefficiency due to adverse selection or moral hazard. Therefore, one critical issue of organization design is how to induce truth-telling from the informed but biased agent by restructuring organizational forms. This study examines an important organizational form in terms of informational transmission - the direct and competitive communication structure - and estimates the causal effect of this information structure on organizational performance in a hierarchical organization. We exploit an institutional reform in the imperial bureaucracy of the Qing dynasty, which allowed multiple local officials to report to the emperor directly and independently. Taking advantage of the fact that the direct communication channel was unevenly introduced, we compare the prefectures affected by the reform with prefectures without experiencing the reform based on a difference-in-difference specification. This paper finds that the introduction of a direct communication structure significantly increased government assistance against natural disasters, a critical public good in the pre-modern society; and the increase of public goods provision was mainly attributed to the improvement of information transmission and competitive information supply triggered by the direct communication. Additionally, we find that the effectiveness of the direct communication structure was contingent on the competence of the receiver and could be debilitated by competition-induced information inflation. Furthermore, we find that the decision-maker could alleviate the information bias and resulting misallocation by strategically using the reports sent by more trustworthy informants. This research contributes to the literature by demonstrating that a flattening and competitive information structure could have a causal and conducive bearing on organizational performance.","PeriodicalId":259640,"journal":{"name":"Information Theory & Research eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126587853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Informational Consequences of Good and Bad Mergers","authors":"Samer Adra, Leonidas G. Barbopoulos","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3808344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3808344","url":null,"abstract":"M&As have informational consequences beyond their immediate effects on stock prices. We find that acquirers receiving a positive market reaction to their M&A announcements experience an increase in the richness of their information environment, consistent with the theoretical predictions of Dow et al. (2017) [Dow, James, Itay Goldstein, and Alexander Guembel. 2017. “Incentives for Information Production in Markets Where Prices Affect Real Investment.” Journal of the European Economic Association 15 (4): 877–909]. Such acquirers attract more informed trading and more analysts in the post-announcement period. Their investments also become more sensitive to the information revealed in their share prices.","PeriodicalId":259640,"journal":{"name":"Information Theory & Research eJournal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125410976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fundament of the Mass: The Variant Mass of the Electron at Atom.","authors":"Giovanni Alcocer","doi":"10.46382/MJBAS.2020.4402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46382/MJBAS.2020.4402","url":null,"abstract":"Planck wrote in a letter about the research of the energy of the electrons at the cavity of the blackbody: “I knew that the problema of the equilibrium between matter and radiation is of high importance for the Physics. Besides, I knew the right formula for the distribution of the energy spectrum at the cavity. It was very important to find an theoretical interpretation”9. After 10 years of research, finally Planck accepted and proposed the quantum theory as explanation to the radiation of the blackbody. The introduction of the Planck constant h was fundamental for the quantization of the energy. The main argument to accept the quantum theory was the concordance with the entropy concept and the statistics thermodynamic. The Einstein research about the quantization of the light radiation at the Photoelectric Effect was also a support for the Planck research of the cavity of the blackbody. Millikan mentioned about the Photoelectric Effect: “The Photoelectric Effect is a proof independent of the quantum theory for the radiation of the blackbody as discrete and discontinue emission of energy absorbed by the electronic components of the atoms….”. The Photoelectric Effect supports the constant h discovered by Planck at the research of the blackbody and that the Planck research corresponds to the reality”9.<br><br>Bohr proposed a revolutionary concept for the behavior of the electron during the atom transition from one stationary level to other. In an article research, Bohr mentioned: “The correspondence principle has as consequence the comparison between the atom reaction due a radiation field with the reaction of the atom due a field from the mechanic classic point of view: which is due to a group of virtual harmonic oscillators with frequency equal to the determined for the possible transitions between stationary levels: hv=E-E´ ”10. The correspondence principle of Bohr postulated that for high quantum numbers the quantization approach is in correspondence with the classic theory. Therefore, Bohr postulated the quantization of the energy transition for the electrons at the atom (E-E´=hf) and the quantization of the angular momentum L=nh/2π. Bohr could explain the atom stability (the no radiation for the electrons at the atom) with those postulates and obtain a formula for the quantization of the energy, velocity, radius, angular momentum, frequency and wavelenght of the radiation emitted or absorbed.<br><br>Later, the modern quantum physics could explain the postulates of Bohr and obtain the quantization formula for the energy and angular momentum at the stationary levels by applying the Schröndiger Equation (wave probabilistic theory) and Heissenberg Theory (matrix theory) [4], [5]. The stationary states or levels correspond to those functions which satisfy the Schröndiger Equation [4], [5]. The electron in an atom no excited is at rest. Thus, it can not radiate energy because it corresponds to a stationary level of the atom [4], [5]. <br><br>For ot","PeriodicalId":259640,"journal":{"name":"Information Theory & Research eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125865706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovering the Mechanisms That Form the Auxetic Properties of Single Crystals in a Monoclinic Crystal System","authors":"M. Raransky, A. Oliinych-Lysiuk, R. Tashchuk, M. Unhurian","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.215167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.215167","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports the analysis of patterns and mechanisms that form the characteristic surfaces of the Young modulus, the angular distributions of Poisson coefficients, and the pointing surfaces of auxeticity of single crystals in cubic, hexagonal, tetragonal, and rhombic crystal system. The crystals have been detected that can reach the limit negative values predicted by the classical elasticity theory for isotropic environments. It was found that near the points of phase transition or melting temperatures, the pointing surfaces of auxeticity rapidly increase, thereby turning the crystals into absolute auxetics. It is shown that an array of negative Poisson coefficient values forms an image of the pointing surfaces of auxeticity. It is established that a reduction in the symmetry of crystals increases the number of crystallographic directions along which crystals gradually turn from \"partial\" to \"mixed\" or even \"absolute\" auxetics. An analysis of the anisotropy of elastic properties, characteristic surfaces of the Young modulus, and the pointing surfaces of auxeticity has revealed that most single crystals of the highest and middle category barely reach the minimum limit values of Poisson coefficients. Therefore, in order to obtain more reliable auxetic materials with high impact-energy and seismic-resistant characteristics, it is necessary to investigate the anisotropy of elastic properties of low-category single crystals. The characteristic surfaces of the Young modulus have been constructed. The volumetric images of the angular distributions of Poisson coefficients of the examined single crystals have been built, which make it possible to determine the absolute values and crystallographic orientation of the maximum and minimum values of Poisson coefficients. The pointing surfaces of the auxeticity of the studied single crystals have been constructed","PeriodicalId":259640,"journal":{"name":"Information Theory & Research eJournal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127930893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communications: Making Quantum Computing Real for JADC2 With Qiskit: Quantum Enabling Technologies for Applications to Support Communication and Networking: White Paper Submitted for the Global Competition: AFRL Innovare Million Dollar International Quantum U Tech Accelerator","authors":"Y. Malhotra","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3682216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3682216","url":null,"abstract":"Our research objective is making quantum computing real with Qiskit for USAF-Pentagon JADC2 (Joint All Domain Command & Control) thus contributing to USAF-DoD core missions. JADC2 is the US Air Force led and Joint Staff coordinated key effort central to Joint Services C4I-ISR and C2 (Command & Control) integration enabling the new Joint Warfighting Concept for All-Domain Operations. The resulting ‘New American Way of War’ is anticipated to yield “significant advantage over everybody in the world for a long time” according to the Vice-Chairman of the Joint Chiefs General John Hyten.","PeriodicalId":259640,"journal":{"name":"Information Theory & Research eJournal","volume":"32 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120909785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Valuation of Online Science Communication: A Study Into the Scholarly Discourses of Altmetrics and Their Reception","authors":"C. Blümel, S. Gauch","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3539133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3539133","url":null,"abstract":"Online communication has gained momentum in science. In light of this momentum new forms of quantification have emerged, so-called alternative metrics. What these new metrics signify is still considered unclear and issue of on-going debate. Building upon theories from the sociology of valuation and genre theory, this paper analyzes the discourses embedded in a corpus of over 400 articles from the scientometric community on these new metrics. The results suggest two grand narratives, “societal impact” and “research performance”, in this discourse that both may lead to orthogonal performative effects in stabilizing either established or new valuation regimes.","PeriodicalId":259640,"journal":{"name":"Information Theory & Research eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115443548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}