The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging最新文献_第2页

Other genetic and acquired cardiomyopathies 其他遗传性和获得性心肌病

The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging Pub Date : 2015-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198703341.003.0036

P. Nihoyannopoulos, P. Elliott, G. Captur

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Conventional echocardiography—basic principles 常规超声心动图-基本原理

The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging Pub Date : 2015-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198703341.003.0001

A. Hagendorff

{"title":"Conventional echocardiography—basic principles","authors":"A. Hagendorff","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198703341.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703341.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Echocardiography is an imaging technique that enables accurate assessment of cardiac structures and cardiac function. Conventional echocardiography involves different modalities—especially the M-mode, the 2D, and colour Doppler, as well as the pulsed-wave and continuous wave Doppler. The M-mode illustrates the reflections of a single sound beam plotted against time. 2D echocardiography enables the documentation of views, which represent characteristic sectional planes of the moving heart during one heart cycle. Colour Doppler echocardiography adds the information of blood flow to the 2D cineloop. Pulsed-wave Doppler is the acquisition of a local blood flow spectrum of a defined region represented by the dimension of the sample volume, whereas continuous wave Doppler displays the blood flow spectrum of all measured blood flow velocities along a straight line sound beam from its beginning to the end. The handling of the transducer has to be target-oriented, stable with respect to the imaging targets, and coordinated with respect to angle differences between the defined views to use all these modalities correctly to get optimal image quality of the cineloops and spectra. Thus, the focus of this chapter will be a mainly practically oriented description of scanning technique in transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography.","PeriodicalId":259304,"journal":{"name":"The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131638770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Echocardiography and detection of coronary artery disease 超声心动图与冠状动脉疾病的检测

The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging Pub Date : 2015-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198703341.003.0018

R. Sicari

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Aortic valve stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄

The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging Pub Date : 2015-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198703341.003.0010

H. Baumgartner, E. Donal, S. Orwat, A. Schmermund, R. Rosenhek, D. Maintz

{"title":"Aortic valve stenosis","authors":"H. Baumgartner, E. Donal, S. Orwat, A. Schmermund, R. Rosenhek, D. Maintz","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198703341.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703341.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is the most prevalent valvular heart disease and is increasingly diagnosed in high-income countries due to an ageing population but also to more widely available diagnostic tools. The prevalence of AS is estimated at ~0.5% in the general population, ~2–3% in the population over 65 years old. This disease starts with mild fibrosis and calcification and thickening of the aortic valve leaflets without obstruction of blood flow, which is termed aortic sclerosis, and evolves over the years to severe calcification with impaired leaflet mobility and significant obstruction to blood flow, i.e. AS. The clinical presentation includes the spectrum from asymptomatic patients with different grades (mild, moderate, severe) of AS severity to symptomatic patients with severe AS who may present with preserved or already depressed left ventricular (LV) function and/or reduced transvalvular flow. Accurate assessment of the AS anatomic and haemodynamic severity as well as the extent of cardiac damage associated with AS are crucial for the therapeutic management of patients with AS. Doppler-echocardiography is the method of choice providing a comprehensive non-invasive diagnostic work-up of these patients.","PeriodicalId":259304,"journal":{"name":"The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125374665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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MDCT and detection of coronary artery disease MDCT与冠状动脉疾病的检测

The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging Pub Date : 2015-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198703341.003.0020

S. Achenbach

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New developments in echocardiography/Advanced echocardiography 超声心动图的新发展/高级超声心动图

The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging Pub Date : 2015-03-01 DOI: 10.1093/MED/9780198703341.003.0005

S. Gianstefani, J. Voigt, M. Monaghan

引用次数: 1

Dilated cardiomyopathy 扩张型心肌病

The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198849353.003.0045

U. Tayal, S. Prasad, T. Germans, A. V. van Rossum

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Endocarditis 心内膜炎

The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198849353.003.0020

D. Muñoz, Á. M. del Castillo

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CMR—basic principles CMR-basic原则

The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198849353.003.0004

J. Bogaert, R. Symons, Jeremy T. Wright

{"title":"CMR—basic principles","authors":"J. Bogaert, R. Symons, Jeremy T. Wright","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198849353.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198849353.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has rapidly evolved to become the modality of choice in the evaluation of a wide spectrum of cardiovascular disorders. This is mostly related to its multiparametric approach where the different features such as morphology (including deep tissue characterization), function, perfusion can be non-invasively studied using a series of (different) pulse sequences. Therefore, CMR may provide a ‘one stop shop’ approach to cardiac patients offering a complete cardiac evaluation by a single modality without the use of ionizing radiation. However, to maximize its clinical use, not all pulse sequences should be used in every patient. Moreover, minimizing time spent in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine is desirable in critically ill, unstable patients. Therefore, experienced cardiac imagers from radiology and cardiology should be present to provide on-site real-time assessment of the images and to determine which pulse sequences are necessary each patient. In this fashion, a complete CMR exam should be obtainable in less than 30 minutes for the vast majority of patients. The aim of this chapter is to describe the physics and practical aspects of CMR and then explore the available pulse sequences, so that the clinical utility of CMR can be maximized.","PeriodicalId":259304,"journal":{"name":"The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122101451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cardiac CT—basic principles 心脏ct -基本原理

The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198849353.003.0003

G. Pontone, Filippo Cademartiri

{"title":"Cardiac CT—basic principles","authors":"G. Pontone, Filippo Cademartiri","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198849353.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198849353.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Computed tomography (CT) was introduced for clinical diagnostic radiology in 1971, and it was used as neuro and body scanner for about 20 years. Spatial and temporal resolution required to evaluate a dynamic structure such as the heart was not sufficient until 1998. Thanks to the technical developments in CT technology over the past 20 years cardiac CT (CCT) developed from an investigative tool into an established clinical tool primarily used as non-invasive clinical diagnostic test for coronary artery imaging. The key technical development occurred in the late 1990s with the introduction of multidetector CT (4 slices) scanners able to synchronize image acquisition and reconstruction with an electrocardiographic (ECG) track. However, 4-slice and also the following 16-slice CT technology had technical limitations, such as limited coverage and temporal resolution, but which allowed diagnostic image quality in selected patients with low and stable heart rate. Moreover, relatively high radiation exposure was required to obtain clinically valid image quality. For this reason, different technical strategies were developed in the following years and advances were also provided in the field of reconstruction algorithm with the introduction of iterative algorithms that allowed an image noise reduction and in the field of tissue characterization with the use of dual-energy CT. All these advances allowed CCT to become a pivotal tool in the cardiology daily practice to image the coronary arteries and beyond.","PeriodicalId":259304,"journal":{"name":"The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Imaging","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114230851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0