Essentials of Accident and Emergency Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Musculoskeletal Injuries: Types and Management Protocols for Emergency Care","authors":"A. Alsheikhly, Mazin Subhy Alsheikhly","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81939","url":null,"abstract":"These are a common type of human injuries which can result from the damage of muscular or skeletal systems (i.e., bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, blood vessels, etc.); they usually occur due to a strenuous and/or repetitive activity and can result into variety of complaints, complications, and deformities causing a big burden on the financial and health system in all societies. They are among the largest category of workrelated injuries and are responsible for almost 30% of all worker’s compensation costs worldwide. Injuries to the musculoskeletal system occur in 85% of patients who sustain blunt trauma; they often appear dramatic, but rarely cause an immediate life-threatening situation, although these injuries must be assessed and managed accurately so life or limb are not jeopardized. The doctor must be familiar with the anatomy and the injury site to protect his patients from further disability and prevent complications. Major musculoskeletal trauma such as crushed injuries that can cause release of myoglobin resulting in renal tubular injury (acute kidney injury), or can be associated with internal torso injuries like acute compartment syndrome. soft tissue and skeletal system traumas may not be initially recognized, so continued reassessment and evaluation are necessary to identify all injuries.","PeriodicalId":259141,"journal":{"name":"Essentials of Accident and Emergency Medicine","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131687641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disasters and Disaster Medicine","authors":"A. F. Al-Jazairi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72947","url":null,"abstract":"The rate of disaster occurrence has increased greatly in the recent decades in both natural and man-made ones. There are more hurricanes and other natural disasters occurring now than a century ago. In addition, there is marked increase in the terrorist attacks on cities and civilians in both conventional weapons and in chemical and biological ones. The increase in the rate of disasters obliges medical society to pay more and more attention to the disaster response. There are attempts to make the subject of disaster as an independent specialty of medicine because it has unique focus in managing cases and it involves dealing with several issues other than direct medical treatment of patients.","PeriodicalId":259141,"journal":{"name":"Essentials of Accident and Emergency Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123632461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resuscitation Procedures in Emergency Setting","authors":"Aml Yousif Elemamali, A. Azad","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76165","url":null,"abstract":"The physicians of the emergency department have great mission as they have to manage these critically ill patients and stabilize them by effectively using their own skills in order to improve their patients’ condition. It is very important to understand when a procedure is needed in emergency situation and to make all efforts to achieve that goal in a timely and safe manner and to follow the protocols and guidelines. There are some procedures which are lifesaving and imminent to resuscitation and considered adjuncts to resuscitation. Effective and lifesaving resuscitation cannot be completed without these procedures. This chapter will help the emergency physician (EP) to better understand and develop the required technical skills to achieve the highest level of care that will have direct impact on patients’ outcome.","PeriodicalId":259141,"journal":{"name":"Essentials of Accident and Emergency Medicine","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124720193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolving Role of Ultrasound in Emergency Medicine","authors":"L. Galdamez","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74777","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound has dramatically influenced the practice of emergency medicine in the twenty-first century. From its introduction to the medical landscape in the 1950s, it has been studied and utilized in various diagnostic exams and procedural guidance. Bedside ultrasound allowed emergency physicians easy access to immediate imaging, giving them the means to make management decisions quicker and improve quality of care. Ultrasound has demonstrated utility in examination of the heart, lungs, kidneys, liver, biliary system, uterus, ovaries, testicles, eyes and many other structures in the body. It decreases unsuccessful attempts and post-procedural complications in peripheral and central venous cannulation, pericardiocentesis, thoracentesis and other procedures. It has become a vital component of emergency medicine education and physicians now graduating with increased skills in ultrasound will continue to refine and develop its role in the emergent care of critically ill patients.","PeriodicalId":259141,"journal":{"name":"Essentials of Accident and Emergency Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116712578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency Management of Acute Ischaemic Stroke","authors":"E. Philip-Ephraim","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75305","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke is a medical emergency with ischaemic stroke being the commonest type worldwide. Hypertension has been identified as the leading modifiable risk factor globally. The management of acute ischemic stroke is fast changing due to the advancement in technology and the introduction of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. There is a limited time window for early intervention to salvage the ailing neurons. The first 24 hours of presentation is therefore crucial in management. Early recognition of stroke symptoms with rapid intervention can lead to a favourable outcome. Specialized care during the acute phase in the intensive care or stroke unit can improve the overall prognosis.","PeriodicalId":259141,"journal":{"name":"Essentials of Accident and Emergency Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125818456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essentials in Accident and Emergency Medicine Radiation Injury: Response and Treatment","authors":"T. Fitzgerald, M. Bishop‐Jodoin, K. Dickson, Y. Lo, C. Bradford, L. Ding, J. Hiatt, H. Bushe, J. Saleeby, I-lin Kuo, E. Bannon, K. Ulin, David P DeSantis, Sherri L. Shul, Bashera Nochomowitz, Julie Trifone, T. Quinn, Catherine Whelan, Joshua Taylor, Maureen Britton, Shannon Higgins, K. Morano, J. Quigley, K. Briggs","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76863","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of radiation has enabled great healthcare advances as well as catastrophic injury. This paper reviews major historical incidents of public radiation exposure and the evolution of standards affecting today ’s public and health care workers. Current patient care and response assessment to radiation exposure are reviewed. The strengths of modern radiation therapy and the need for continuous process improvements to ensure opti- mal patient care and secure safe environments are identified. The discovery of radiation has brought significant scientific achievements as well as catastrophic injury. optimal patient care and secure safe environment. Enhanced knowledge of the impact of radiation on normal tissue is important for emergency care workers.","PeriodicalId":259141,"journal":{"name":"Essentials of Accident and Emergency Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125677307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicology in Emergency Medicine","authors":"Ehab Said Aki, W. Salem, Jalal Alessai","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77011","url":null,"abstract":"Poisoning is a serious worldwide public health problem. Based on WHO data in 2012, almost 190,000 people died worldwide and the number of deaths due to poisoning in 2008 exceeded the number of deaths due to motor vehicular crashes; also, poisoning death rate nearly tripled worldwide. Number of patients presenting to the emergency departments with overdose, had been increased both intentionally and accidentally. All the previous facts make Toxicology an important field in emergency medicine. Management of intoxi cated patients has a unique approach because of the challenge in diagnosis and treatment of overdose cases. This chapter is focusing on general approaches for intoxicated patients and initial management and on how the history and physical examinations could help physicians to have what drug have been abused as well as review the mechanism of action, physical finding and treatment of the most common drugs-causing toxicity in addition to the drugs with high mortality morbidity rates.","PeriodicalId":259141,"journal":{"name":"Essentials of Accident and Emergency Medicine","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125504505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Approach to Acute Cardiovascular Emergencies","authors":"S. Anjum","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74682","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular emergencies and symptoms are one of the most common reasons for patients ’ attendance in any emergency department (ED). Symptoms are either related to true cardiovascular problems or mimic cardiovascular problems. It becomes very difficult at times to differentiate between them. Many symptoms which mimic the cardiovascular problem may be present due to other systems ’ involvement. So, there may be an atypical presentation of cardiovascular emergencies or atypical presentation of other system prob- lems presenting as cardiovascular diseases. Missing true cardiovascular emergencies can be a reason for mortality and morbidity cases which puts burden on healthcare services and affects physicians ’ morale. Here, in this chapter, we will discuss common cardiovascular emergencies and their presentations and approach to deal with them. We will also discuss differential diagnosis, when dealing with such conditions. We will also discuss the best diagnostic modalities and disposition plans which will ensure patient safety.","PeriodicalId":259141,"journal":{"name":"Essentials of Accident and Emergency Medicine","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128446203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Horizons in Emergency Medicine Teaching and Training","authors":"S. Anjum","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75162","url":null,"abstract":"Emergency medicine (EM) is a unique field where the logistics of work environment is the biggest challenge for any organized traditional teaching and training. The shift pattern of work, absence of availability of real-time situations in controlled environment, availability of teaching faculty 24/7 and quality control of teaching and training are the major challenges that need to be considered. It requires lot of organizational, departmental as well as operational support to run a successful teaching program where all the important aspects of teaching and training are considered. In the emergency teaching and training, issues of supervision are of prime importance. The fear of complaints and litigations is enormous. Meeting the six core competencies of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Educa- tion (ACGME) and achieving the milestones before the residents are signed off are the goals and objectives of any good teaching program. In this chapter, we discuss the important modifications in teaching methods, which can fulfill the important requirements and demands of this unique field which is full of challenges. We also discuss the different models of teaching and training which are different from standard traditional didactic teaching which can be adopted and may help in achieving emergency medicine core knowledge, competencies and skills. used to test the approach to manage undifferentiated emergency situation. Different aspects which are tested include art of history taking, approach to deal with the scenario, selection of suitable investigation, skill of interpreting ECG, X-ray findings or CTand US findings. It helps in testing the collateral thinking of candidate and gives a chance to test the evidence-based knowledge and familiarity with the new literature. The examiner prepares a key which defines the mark-ing scheme and strategy and also points out the important red flags which are mandatory to pass. Trainee who fails to manage these red flags is failed considering it as a basic requirement to be a safe physician. Thus, we use this as a wonderful opportunity to test the very important aspects of training which are not possible in real-time situation. The cases are long cases (15 min) or short cases (7.5 min). After each case, there is a detailed discussion and feedback session which helps residents to know about their mistakes and deficiencies. medical knowledge, practical approach to patient ’ s problems and critical thinking. The faculty members use this model of teaching to discuss the subject with evidence and also by using their experience as a teaching tool. This is the best opportunity to teach the competency of system-based practice and amalgamate it with the patient management. The faculty members assess the different qualities of trainee. They look at how they approach the patient, introduce themselves, how they take the detailed history and do proper physical examination, how they interact and communicate with patient, rela","PeriodicalId":259141,"journal":{"name":"Essentials of Accident and Emergency Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127844126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problem of Burns in Children: Opportunities for Health Improvement","authors":"A. Kawalec","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74490","url":null,"abstract":"Burns are one of the most devastating types of trauma in medicine. Children under 5 years of age are a high-risk group to burns. The most common type is thermal burn caused by hot fluids (scald). Most childhood burns occur at home under parental supervision. These are preventable injuries. The chapter presents results of my studies about risk factors of burns in children and possibilities of health improvement. Simple changes in children’s environment and increasing awareness of caregivers can lead to a decrease in the number of this type of injuries. Moreover, the first aid given to burnt children soon after the injury usually is not adequate (no cooling thermal burns and no analgesia). Health improvement can be obtained by reducing the number of burns, the correct first aid given after the injury, and the orga - nization of specialized health-care centers and rehabilitation services for victims of burns. excision in circumferential escharotomy constrictive eschar. incisions with electrocautery of escharotomy. excision necrotic tissues grafting is in patients with full-thickness burns. In with autografts (donor is usually less often or back). Skin grafts can be split-skin grafts and full-thickness skin grafts. In cases","PeriodicalId":259141,"journal":{"name":"Essentials of Accident and Emergency Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121037422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}