The International journal of social psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Ways of coping of Chinese caregivers for family members with schizophrenia in two metropolitan cities: Guangzhou and Hong Kong, China.","authors":"Paul Cw Lam,&nbsp;Petrus Ng,&nbsp;Jiayan Pan,&nbsp;Daniel Kw Young","doi":"10.1177/0020764014565797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764014565797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Chinese societies, family caregivers play an important role in the recovery of persons with serious mental illness, such as schizophrenia. While family caregivers are often invaluable sources of caregiving in the community, a majority of them lack adequate knowledge and support skills to cope with the tasks involved.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study compares the coping strategies and psychological health of caregivers for family members with schizophrenia in two Chinese cities, Hong Kong and Guangzhou.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 109 caregivers, including 39 from Hong Kong and 70 from Guangzhou, were recruited from non-governmental mental health organizations in the two cities. They were assessed by the Chinese version of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While there was no significant difference in the psychological distress of the family caregivers in the two locations, the Guangzhou caregivers adopt significantly more of the eight coping strategies, namely, confronting coping, distancing, self-control, seeking social support, accepting responsibility, escape-avoidance, planful problem solving and positive reappraisal, than their counterparts in Hong Kong. Significant correlations were also found between psychological distress and coping strategies of caregivers in the two cities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There were significant differences in the coping strategies of family caregivers for people with schizophrenia in the two Chinese cities. Further studies are warranted to investigate factors affecting their coping strategies and their effects on psychological health.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"591-9"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764014565797","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32964699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social phobia among long-term internally displaced persons: An epidemiological study of adults in two internally displaced person settlements in Sudan.","authors":"Tarig Taha Mohamed Salah,&nbsp;Touraj Ayazi,&nbsp;Lars Lien,&nbsp;Arne Eide,&nbsp;Edvard Hauff","doi":"10.1177/0020764014564800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764014564800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the high worldwide prevalence and association with other mental disorders and disability, only few studies are available on social phobia in low-income countries.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aims to assess the prevalence, socio-demographic correlates and comorbidity of social phobia and its association with disability among long-term internally displaced persons (IDPs) in one urban and one rural area in Central Sudan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was implemented in two IDP areas in Central Sudan. Data were collected during face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires to assess socio-demographic factors and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) to determine psychiatric diagnoses. A total of 1,876 adults were enrolled from both study areas.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall lifetime prevalence of social phobia was 14.2%, with higher rates among IDPs in the rural area and among those who were less educated. Social phobia was associated with other mental disorders in both study areas. Disability and prolonged displacement increased the risk of having social phobia in the rural area.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Further work needs to be done to improve our understanding and to establish proper interventions in dealing with social phobia, other common mental disorders and disability among long-term IDPs in these impoverished areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"550-9"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764014564800","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32934267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of traditional healers in the pathway to care of patients with bipolar disorder in Egypt.","authors":"Tarek Assad,&nbsp;Tarek Okasha,&nbsp;Hisham Ramy,&nbsp;Tamer Goueli,&nbsp;Hanan El-Shinnawy,&nbsp;Mohamed Nasr,&nbsp;Heba Fathy,&nbsp;Dalia Enaba,&nbsp;Dina Ibrahim,&nbsp;Mahmoud Elhabiby,&nbsp;Nesreen Mohsen,&nbsp;Sherien Khalil,&nbsp;Mohamed Fekry,&nbsp;Nivert Zaki,&nbsp;Hani Hamed,&nbsp;Hanan Azzam,&nbsp;Marwa A Meguid,&nbsp;Menan AbdelMaksoud Rabie,&nbsp;Marwa Sultan,&nbsp;Soheir Elghoneimy,&nbsp;Osama Refaat,&nbsp;Doaa Nader,&nbsp;Doha Elserafi,&nbsp;Marwa Elmissiry,&nbsp;Iman Shorab","doi":"10.1177/0020764014565799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764014565799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A large number of mentally ill patients prefer to visit non-medical practitioners such as traditional healers because of the confidence in the system, affordability and accessibility of the service. This may lead to delay in seeking psychiatric services and has prognostic impact.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the rate of bipolar affective disorder (BAD) patients seeking traditional healers, the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of those patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed 350 patients with BAD after confirmation of diagnosis with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorder (SCID-I) research version and assessment of functioning with Global Assessment of Functioning scale. They were assessed for percent, rate and timing of seeking traditional healers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In all, 40.8% sought traditional healers, with 34.9% more than four times. Of those, 62.2% were before seeking psychiatric services and 37.8% after. Lower educational level, less impairment of functioning and presence of hallucinations were significant correlates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows that most of the patients suffering from mental illness prefer to approach faith healers first, which may delay entry to psychiatric care and thereby negatively impact the prognosis of BAD. This highlights the importance of mental health education and developing a positive collaborative relationship with traditional healers.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"583-90"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764014565799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32964700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colour, culture and placebo response.","authors":"Dinesh Bhugra,&nbsp;Antonio Ventriglio,&nbsp;Alex Till,&nbsp;Gin Malhi","doi":"10.1177/0020764015591492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764015591492","url":null,"abstract":"Cultures have their own preferences for colours, whether these are used in rites or rituals, or whether these carry specific significance for cultures. It is quite possible that some of the colour choices are influenced by visual perceptions. It is also likely that oral traditions may have given historic influences to colours. Even though almost universally the colour red is associated with danger and green with safety, other colours have a varying significance in different cultures. Sometimes at an early stage of development, children start to think about preferences for certain colours. The significance of colours in the choice of tablets for the impact of medication and placebo has not been studied as extensively as it deserves to.","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"615-7"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764015591492","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34277894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between smoking and unemployment: New avenues for interdisciplinary research.","authors":"João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia,&nbsp;Nikhil Masters","doi":"10.1177/0020764015589603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764015589603","url":null,"abstract":"It is well accepted that both smoking and unemployment have severe adverse effects on health and well-being (Grossi, Perski, Lundberg, & Soares, 2011; Lim et al., 2012). The Global Burden Disease Study (2010) considered smoking to be the second largest risk factor, based on disability-adjusted life years being a major contributor to cancer and respiratory disease (Lim et al., 2012). Unemployment has been shown to be associated with increased rates of ill health and psychological and psychophysiological symptoms (Grossi et al., 2011). In addition, there is considerable evidence that an association exists between smoking and unemployment. In this letter, we offer some suggestions about how to explore this relationship from an interdisciplinary perspective. Studies show that rates of unemployment are highest among smokers compared to non-smokers (Ponniah & Bloomfield, 2008; Okechukwu, Bacic, Cheng, & Catalano, 2012; Rizov, Herzfeld, & Huffman, 2012; Prochaska, Shi, & Rogers, 2013; Kaleta, Makowiec-Dąbrowska, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, & Fronczak, 2013). This finding is robust to differences across countries such as smoking prevalence, cigarettes per person, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and unemployment rates. Despite this, the cross-sectional evidence above is only associative and does not address the issue of causality. For example, although unemployment may lead to poor health, those in poor health are more likely to be unemployed. Longitudinal studies are therefore important in order to distinguish between these selection and causal effects. Unfortunately, such studies have presented mixed findings with the causal relationship of unemployment on smoking behaviour being inconsistent across countries studied and methodologies used (Schunck & Rogge, 2012; Marcus, 2014). One interesting observation is that smoking is more prevalent among the job-seeking unemployed compared to nonjob seekers (Prochaska et al., 2013). A possible explanation for this could be that stress is a mediating factor. Although the relationships between stress and smoking and stress and unemployment are well documented (Fielden & Davidson, 1999; Siahpush, Borland, & Scollo, 2003), research linking stress, smoking and unemployment is sparse (De Vogli & Santinello, 2005). We believe that microeconomic experiments could be beneficial in this area. Extending previous research on the neurophysical/behavioural responses to stress (Buckert, Schwieren, Kudielka, & Fiebach, 2014), insights could be made from measuring acute cortisol/ adrenaline responses while making economic decisions and testing for smoking status as well as comparing specific participant pools such as those actively seeking work and the long-term unemployed. Another factor that may explain the relationship between smoking and unemployment is impulsivity. Several studies provide evidence of an association between smoking addiction and impulsivity. Compared to non-smokers, smokers score higher on impulsivity sc","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"613-4"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764015589603","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34277893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transatlantic variation in the attributed etiology of psychosis.","authors":"G Eric Jarvis,&nbsp;Venkat Bhat,&nbsp;Tomas Jurcik,&nbsp;Vincenzo Spigonardo,&nbsp;Rob Whitley","doi":"10.1177/0020764014565798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764014565798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Differences in transatlantic perception of psychosis have been reported in the historical psychiatric literature.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aims to determine if articles in the American Journal of Psychiatry (AJP) are more likely to attribute biological factors to the etiology of psychosis than those of the British Journal of Psychiatry (BJP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic MEDLINE search for articles in the AJP and BJP from 2005 to 2007 identified 360 abstracts with psychosis and etiology-related words. Chi-square analyses were used to test differences in the proportion of attributed biological or psychosocial etiology of psychosis in each journal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A greater proportion of abstracts (83/87) in the AJP attributed biological etiology of psychosis (χ(2) = 12.33, df = 1, p < 0.001), while a greater proportion in the BJP (16/44 abstracts) attributed psychosocial etiology (χ(2) = 19.76, df = 1, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The AJP tends to publish biomedical explanations of psychosis, while the BJP shows a relative preference for psychosocial theories.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"577-82"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764014565798","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32944103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-harm and ethnicity: A systematic review.","authors":"Ali Al-Sharifi,&nbsp;Carl R Krynicki,&nbsp;Rachel Upthegrove","doi":"10.1177/0020764015573085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764015573085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>This review will focus on the rates, clinical characteristics, risk factors and methods of self-harm and suicide in different ethnic groups in the United Kingdom, providing an update synthesis of recent literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies that met the inclusion criteria between 2003 and 2013 were reviewed using the following databases: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and CINAHL. The methodological quality of each study was then assessed using a structured scoring system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2,362 articles were retrieved, 10 of which matched the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Significant differences were found in the rates of self-harm between ethnic groups with Asian males being least likely to self-harm and Black females being most likely to self-harm. Also, Black and South Asian people were less likely to repeat self-harm. Factors that may help protect or predispose individuals to self-harm or attempt suicide (such as religion, mental health and coping styles) also differ between ethnic groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are clear ethnic differences in self-harm and suicide, which may be affected by factors such as cultural pressures and prevalence of mental illness. An awareness of these differences is vital to help prevent further attempts of self-harm and suicide. Further research into differences between ethnic and cultural groups and self-harm continues to be important.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"600-12"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764015573085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33139750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of acculturation on mental health and specialized mental healthcare for non-western migrants.","authors":"Annelies Nap,&nbsp;Annelies van Loon,&nbsp;Jaap Peen,&nbsp;Digna Jf van Schaik,&nbsp;Aartjan Tf Beekman,&nbsp;Jack Jm Dekker","doi":"10.1177/0020764014561307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764014561307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The level of acculturation of migrants varies and is associated with variations in mental health. However, this association is complex and may differ among migrant groups.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study is to explore the association between acculturation, mental health and treatment effect.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a longitudinal cohort study of patients treated in specialized mental health facilities, different dimensions of acculturation (skills, social integration, traditions, norms/values and feelings of loss) were explored for Moroccan, Turkish and Surinamese migrants in the Netherlands. Furthermore, the associations between acculturation status and symptom levels, quality of life, care needs and effects of mental health treatment were examined. Data were analyzed with analysis of covariance, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Acculturation status differed among migrant groups. Turkish migrants showed most original culture maintenance (traditions, norms/values), Surinamese migrants showed most participation in Dutch society (skills, social integration), while Moroccan migrants were situated in between. Higher cultural adaptation was associated with less need for care, lower symptom levels and a higher quality of life. Participation significantly predicted lower symptom levels (p < .001) and higher quality of life (p < .001) 6 months after the start of treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirms that acculturation status is associated with symptom levels, quality of life and perceived need for care of migrants. Moreover, participation in Dutch society appears to be a favorable factor for treatment effect. It is of importance for professionals in clinical practice to be attentive to this.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"530-8"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764014561307","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32892522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in psychological distress in Spain.","authors":"M Pilar Matud,&nbsp;Juan M Bethencourt,&nbsp;Ignacio Ibáñez","doi":"10.1177/0020764014564801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764014564801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Epidemiological and community-based surveys consistently report gender differences in mental health. This study examines gender differences in psychological distress by analyzing the relevance of stress, coping styles, social support and the time use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Psychological tests were administered to a convenience sample of 1,337 men and 1,251 women from the Spanish general population, aged between 18 and 65 and with different socio-demographic characteristics, although both the women and men groups had similar age and educational levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Women had more psychological distress than men. Although psychological distress in the women and men groups have some common correlates such as more stress, more emotional and less rational coping and less social support, we find some gender differences. Work role dissatisfaction was more associated with distress in the men than in the women group. In addition, women's distress was associated with more daily time devoted to childcare and less to activities they enjoy, and men's distress was associated with more time devoted to housework and less to physical exercise.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Social roles traditionally attributed to women and men - and the differences in the use of time that such roles entail - are relevant in gender differences in psychological distress.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"560-8"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764014564801","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32928889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homeless and incarcerated: an epidemiological study from Canada.","authors":"Sahoo Saddichha,&nbsp;Joelle M Fliers,&nbsp;Jim Frankish,&nbsp;Julian Somers,&nbsp;Christian G Schuetz,&nbsp;Michael R Krausz","doi":"10.1177/0020764014522776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764014522776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Incarceration and homelessness are closely related yet studied rarely. This article aimed to study the incarcerated homeless and identify specific vulnerabilities, which rendered them different from the nonincarcerated homeless. It also aimed to describe the homeless population and its significant involvement with the criminal justice and enforcement system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were derived from the British Columbia Health of the Homeless Study (BCHOHS), carried out in three cities in British Columbia, Canada: the large urban center Vancouver (n = 250), Victoria (n = 150) and Prince George (n = 100). Measures included socio-demographic information, the Maudsley Addiction Profile (MAP), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Plus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Incarcerated homeless were more often male (66.6%), were in foster care (56.4%) and had greater substance use especially of crack cocaine (69.6%) and crystal methamphetamine (78.7%). They also had greater scores on emotional and sexual abuse domains of CTQ, indicating greater abuse. A higher prevalence of depression (57%) and psychotic disorders (55.3%) was also observed. Risk factors identified which had a positive predictor value were male gender (p < .001; odds ratio (OR) = 2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7-4.4), a diagnosis of depression (p = .02; 95% CI: 1.1-4.4) and severe emotional neglect (p = .02; 95% CI: 1.1-3.2) in the childhood.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Homeless individuals may be traumatized at an early age, put into foster care, rendered homeless, initiated into substance use and re-traumatized on repeated occasions in adult life, rendering them vulnerable to incarceration and mental illness.</p>","PeriodicalId":257862,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of social psychiatry","volume":" ","pages":"795-800"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0020764014522776","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40283467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}