{"title":"An Integrated System for Mapping Red Clover Ground Cover Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: A Case Study in Precision Agriculture","authors":"Ammar M. Abuleil, Graham W. Taylor, M. Moussa","doi":"10.1109/CRV.2015.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CRV.2015.43","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of precision agriculture (PA), Un-manned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are creating new opportunities for remotely assessing various characteristics of crops. In this paper, we present two main contributions that were evaluated on a novel application: mapping red clover ground cover (RCGC). First, we develop an integrated system for collecting, pre-processing and analyzing aerial data for the mapping of RCGC at a patch-level. Second, we collected, ground-trusted, and pre-processed a RCGC dataset that we make public for further analysis. We evaluated several different machine learning classifiers for mapping image patches to discrete clover coverage levels, reaching an accuracy of 91%.","PeriodicalId":257595,"journal":{"name":"2015 12th Conference on Computer and Robot Vision","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116906815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On Visual Servoing to Improve Performance of Robotic Grasping","authors":"Mona Gridseth, K. Hertkorn, Martin Jägersand","doi":"10.1109/CRV.2015.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CRV.2015.39","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce image based visual servoing (IBVS) into a shared autonomy grasping system to improve its performance. Visual servoing is a technique that uses visual input to control a dynamic system, such as a robot. Autonomous grasp planning is used to calculate stable grasps to simplify the user control over a robot hand to 1 degree of freedom (DOF) open and close in contrast to controlling every finger. Visual servoing serves to increase the performance of completing the calculated grasp by using visual input to move some of the robot fingers to their grasp points. In this paper, we detail what we have accomplished, the challenges we have faced and what we have learned from them throughout the development of our system.","PeriodicalId":257595,"journal":{"name":"2015 12th Conference on Computer and Robot Vision","volume":"24 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122823711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. A. Mngenge, Linda Mthembu, F. Nelwamondo, Cynthia H. Ngejane
{"title":"A Fingerprint Indexing Approach Using Multiple Similarity Measures and Spectral Clustering","authors":"N. A. Mngenge, Linda Mthembu, F. Nelwamondo, Cynthia H. Ngejane","doi":"10.1109/CRV.2015.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CRV.2015.34","url":null,"abstract":"Fingerprint identification is still an open problem. Many proposed solutions relies on expert's predefined classes. Recent studies and experiments have shown that predefined classes are not suitable for large databases. The main challenge is the distribution of predefined expert's classes. Most fingerprints are loops; this means an identification system designed based on this classical approach slows down a matching process due to many 1-1 comparisons that need to be done to find an exact match. Beside this, some fingerprints sometimes lose their core points. In such case, it becomes very difficult to find the right class. To solve this problem, minutiae points positions (x,y) and orientations (θ) are proposed in this paper. Minutiae points are extracted and passed to a feature dimensions reduction algorithm composed of locality sensitive hashing (LSH) and histograms. The algorithm proposed creates 260 fixed length feature vectors for each fingerprint. Feature vectors are then passed to a spectral clustering which automatically creates 25 classes. Classes are then indexed through three similarity measures, namely, Euclidean, Cosine and Minkowski distance. The performance of the proposed approach is compared with two fingerprint identification systems which are based on Minutiae Cylinder-Code (MCC) and Minutiae Quadruplets (MQ). The proposed approach is 89.6% accurate while MCC and MQ approaches gets 89.4% and 79.56%, respectively, on a NIST 4 special database.","PeriodicalId":257595,"journal":{"name":"2015 12th Conference on Computer and Robot Vision","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115666243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florian Baumann, Jinghui Chen, Karsten Vogt, B. Rosenhahn
{"title":"Improved Threshold Selection by Using Calibrated Probabilities for Random Forest Classifiers","authors":"Florian Baumann, Jinghui Chen, Karsten Vogt, B. Rosenhahn","doi":"10.1109/CRV.2015.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CRV.2015.28","url":null,"abstract":"Random Forest is a well-known ensemble learning method that achieves high recognition accuracies while preserving a fast training procedure. To construct a Random Forest classifier, several decision trees are arranged in a forest while a majority voting leads to the final decision. In order to split each node of a decision tree into two children, several possible variables are randomly selected while a splitting criterion is computed for each of them. Using this pool of possible splits, the Random Forest algorithm selects the best variable according to the splitting criterion. Often, this splitting is not reliable leading to a reduced recognition accuracy. In this paper, we propose to introduce an additional condition for selecting the best variable leading to an improvement of the recognition accuracy, especially for a smaller number of trees. We enhance the standard threshold selection by a quality estimation that is computed using a calibration method. The proposed method is evaluated on datasets for machine learning as well as object recognition.","PeriodicalId":257595,"journal":{"name":"2015 12th Conference on Computer and Robot Vision","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122040016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Situational Awareness for Manufacturing Applications","authors":"O. Cormier, Andrew Phan, F. Ferrie","doi":"10.1109/CRV.2015.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CRV.2015.49","url":null,"abstract":"Collaboration between human workers and robotic assistants is seen as one way to increase both flexibility and efficiency in a production line environment. In this setup, human workers can be assigned tasks that require high perceptual ability, dexterity and judgement, supplemented by robotic assistants that can perform work of low (skill) value, such as fetching and delivering parts and tools. Key to such a strategy is the ability of the automated system to maintain total awareness of the states of all key players (humans, robots, machinery, parts) and take the necessary action to carry out the manufacturing while maintaining the safety of the human workers. We refer to this attribute as Situational Awareness, and in this paper present both an implementation and a case study in the form of a system that tracks the articulated 3D pose of a group of human workers in an enclosed area.","PeriodicalId":257595,"journal":{"name":"2015 12th Conference on Computer and Robot Vision","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127327857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher Herbon, G. Schumann, Klaus D. Tönnies, Bernd Stock
{"title":"Detection and Segmentation of Quasi-Planar Surfaces Through Expectation Maximization Under a Planar Homography Constraint","authors":"Christopher Herbon, G. Schumann, Klaus D. Tönnies, Bernd Stock","doi":"10.1109/CRV.2015.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CRV.2015.19","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a novel method capable of detecting and segmenting quasi-planar surfaces based on homograph decomposition and Semi-Global-Matching without the need for extrinsic calibration or stereo rectification. Existing methods require co planarity of all points on the dominant plane and are thus unsuited for unconstrained quasi-planar surfaces. In contrast to state of the art methods we can account for local depth variations. This is achieved by introducing a novel planar inter-image rectification technique, which enables us to perform block matching without popular rectification. Experiments are performed on two different databases. Firstly we quantitatively evaluate the general feasibility of our method on a database containing indoor and outdoor scenes with available ground truth data. Secondly we apply our method to the new publicly available HAWK wood database. Our experiments have shown that the true positive rate of our segmentation procedure exceeds 94.0% while the false positive rate is below 4.9%.","PeriodicalId":257595,"journal":{"name":"2015 12th Conference on Computer and Robot Vision","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126858950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evolution of Programs for Segmentation of Microscopic Images","authors":"N. Kharma, Mohammad Ebne-Alian, L. Charbonneau","doi":"10.1109/CRV.2015.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CRV.2015.40","url":null,"abstract":"Image segmentation is a fundamental part in most image analysis and automatic object recognition problems. In this paper we enhance our previous genetic programming-based image segmentation algorithm (GPIS) to produce GPIS II. The algorithm evolves short C++ programs, which make use of both native C++ capabilities and functions of the OpenCV library. We present, in detail, the design and operation of the new program, and present results obtained from a thorough testing on a random sample of 40 images from a larger database of microscopic images of cells in culture (CellsDB).","PeriodicalId":257595,"journal":{"name":"2015 12th Conference on Computer and Robot Vision","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122205044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fire Detection in Videos of Violent Crowds Acquired with Handheld Devices","authors":"K. Moria, A. Albu, Kui Wu","doi":"10.1109/CRV.2015.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CRV.2015.22","url":null,"abstract":"Our paper proposes a novel method for fire detection in riot videos acquired with handheld cameras and smart-phones. This is a typical example of computer vision in the wild, where we have no control over the data acquisition process, and the quality of the video data varies considerably. We propose a novel spatial model for fire, based on Gaussian mixtures and on color adjacency in the visible spectrum of incandescence. We demonstrate that using this spatial model in concert with motion cues leads to highly accurate results for fire detection in noisy, complex scenes of violent crowds.","PeriodicalId":257595,"journal":{"name":"2015 12th Conference on Computer and Robot Vision","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116739202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vision-Based Collision Avoidance for Personal Aerial Vehicles Using Dynamic Potential Fields","authors":"F. Rehmatullah, Jonathan Kelly","doi":"10.1109/CRV.2015.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CRV.2015.46","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present a prototype system that aids the operator of a Personal Air Vehicle (PAV) by actively monitoring vehicle surroundings and providing autonomous control inputs for obstacle avoidance. The prototype is developed for a Personal Air Transportation System (PATS) that will enable human operators with low level of technical knowledge to use aerial vehicles for a day-to-day commute. While most collision avoidance systems used on human controlled vehicles override operator input, our proposed system allows the operator to be in control of the vehicle at all times. Our approach uses a dynamic potential field to generate pseudo repulsive forces that, when converted into control inputs, force the vehicle on a trajectory around the obstacle. By allowing the vehicle control input to be the sum of operator controls and collision avoidance controls, the system ensures that the operator is in control of the vehicle at all times. We first present a dynamic repulsive potential function and then provide a generic control architecture required to implement the collision avoidance system on a mobile platform. Further, extensive computer simulations of the proposed algorithm are performed on a quad copter model, followed by hardware experiments on a stereo vision sensor. The proposed collision avoidance system is computationally inexpensive and can be used with any sensor that can produce a point cloud for obstacle detection.","PeriodicalId":257595,"journal":{"name":"2015 12th Conference on Computer and Robot Vision","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115783976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lung Nodule Classification Using Deep Features in CT Images","authors":"Devinder Kumar, A. Wong, David A Clausi","doi":"10.1109/CRV.2015.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CRV.2015.25","url":null,"abstract":"Early detection of lung cancer can help in a sharp decrease in the lung cancer mortality rate, which accounts for more than 17% percent of the total cancer related deaths. A large number of cases are encountered by radiologists on a daily basis for initial diagnosis. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems can assist radiologists by offering a \"second opinion\" and making the whole process faster. We propose a CAD system which uses deep features extracted from an auto encoder to classify lung nodules as either malignant or benign. We use 4303 instances containing 4323 nodules from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) dataset to obtain an overall accuracy of 75.01% with a sensitivity of 83.35% and false positive of 0.39/patient over a 10 fold cross validation.","PeriodicalId":257595,"journal":{"name":"2015 12th Conference on Computer and Robot Vision","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134386985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}