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Southeast Asia, an Interface between Two Oceans 东南亚，两大洋的交汇处
The Worlds of the Indian Ocean Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/9781108341004.016
P. Beaujard
{"title":"Southeast Asia, an Interface between Two Oceans","authors":"P. Beaujard","doi":"10.1017/9781108341004.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108341004.016","url":null,"abstract":"Southeast Asia is a clear example of how new techniques (both of power and production) and products “generate new social forms” (Higham 2002: 291). In Vietnam, Yunnan, and Thailand, the development first of bronze, and later iron metallurgy, led to exchanges and migrations, and fostered the intensification of agriculture as well as the emergence of powerful chiefdoms; the attendant process of militarization can be seen from the large amount of weapons recovered. Bronze working began in northern Vietnam, northeastern Thailand, and central Thailand as early as the second millennium bce .","PeriodicalId":256513,"journal":{"name":"The Worlds of the Indian Ocean","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126985633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
India: The Birth of a New Core 印度:新核心的诞生
The Worlds of the Indian Ocean Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/9781108341004.015
P. Beaujard
{"title":"India: The Birth of a New Core","authors":"P. Beaujard","doi":"10.1017/9781108341004.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108341004.015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":256513,"journal":{"name":"The Worlds of the Indian Ocean","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131812497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Late Bronze Age (c. 1600–1100bce), an Area Unified around the Eastern Mediterranean 青铜时代晚期(公元前1600 - 1100年)，地中海东部地区
The Worlds of the Indian Ocean Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/9781108341004.008
P. Beaujard
{"title":"The Late Bronze Age (c. 1600–1100bce), an Area Unified around the Eastern Mediterranean","authors":"P. Beaujard","doi":"10.1017/9781108341004.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108341004.008","url":null,"abstract":"The collapse of the Indus civilization was accompanied by a decrease in trade both in the Persian Gulf and along the terrestrial routes east of Mesopotamia. The demise of the Sumerian world at this time “cannot be a mere coincidence.” De-urbanization occurred at the same time in Iran, while in Babylonia Hammurabi’s successors had to deal with a social and economic crisis, aggravated by the Kassite invasions. The “Old Babylonian Period” ended in 1595 with the looting of Babylon by the Hittites (MC) (in 1499 in the ultra-short chronology of Gasche et al. 1998).","PeriodicalId":256513,"journal":{"name":"The Worlds of the Indian Ocean","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132349302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction: The Geography of the Indian Ocean and Its Navigation 导言:印度洋地理及其航行
The Worlds of the Indian Ocean Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/9781108341004.002
P. Beaujard
{"title":"Introduction: The Geography of the Indian Ocean and Its Navigation","authors":"P. Beaujard","doi":"10.1017/9781108341004.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108341004.002","url":null,"abstract":"The Indian Ocean covers approximately 75 million square kilometers. It is bordered to the west by the African coast and Arabia, to the east by the Thai–Malay peninsula, the Indonesian coasts, and – further south – western Australia. The Asian continent runs along its northern border, with India forming a wide peninsula that divides the northern Indian Ocean into eastern and western parts (the Bay of Bengal and the Sea of India, respectively). The western part of the Indian Ocean extends along both sides of Arabia, with a narrow entrance opening onto the Persian Gulf to the north and the Red Sea to the south.","PeriodicalId":256513,"journal":{"name":"The Worlds of the Indian Ocean","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133837461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
East Asia: From Villages to States (c. 5000–1027bce) 东亚:从村落到国家(公元前5000 -公元前1027年)
The Worlds of the Indian Ocean Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/9781108341004.009
P. Beaujard
{"title":"East Asia: From Villages to States (c. 5000–1027bce)","authors":"P. Beaujard","doi":"10.1017/9781108341004.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108341004.009","url":null,"abstract":"During the four millennia that saw the rise to power of states in western Asia and in Egypt, East Asia followed a unique trajectory, though – very early on – contacts led to the introduction of techniques and products from the west. China, where sedentary communities developed, was a primary center for the domestication of plants and animals. The Neolithic communities in the Yangtze valley region developed slightly later than in western Asia, possibly practicing agriculture during the eighth millennium bce (but more likely during the sixth); a process of rice domestication subsequently began, which led to the development of japonica varieties in the east (though it would be more correct to speak of sinica ) and – for some authors – of indica types further south and west.","PeriodicalId":256513,"journal":{"name":"The Worlds of the Indian Ocean","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124187314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Egypt and Yemen: The Jewish andKārimīNetworks 埃及和也门:犹太人andKārimīNetworks
The Worlds of the Indian Ocean Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/9781108341219.013
P. Beaujard
{"title":"Egypt and Yemen: The Jewish andKārimīNetworks","authors":"P. Beaujard","doi":"10.1017/9781108341219.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108341219.013","url":null,"abstract":"Under the Fatimids, who took power in 914, Egypt’s influence inched upward, and this was felt throughout the western Indian Ocean. Fusṭāṭ was “the initiator of international trade” at that time (Fu‘ad-Sayyed and Gayraud 2000: 152). The Fatimids ceded control over Syria to the Seljuks in 1070, maintaining control over Egypt until the installation of the Ayyūbid dynasty (1171–1260). The Mamluks, who were Turkish slaves of the Ayyūbid sultans, later reigned over Egypt, creating the Bahrite dynasty (1260–1382): pretexting the ideological “defense of endangered Islam, a military class confiscated power for its own benefit” (Garcin 1995b: 343).","PeriodicalId":256513,"journal":{"name":"The Worlds of the Indian Ocean","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117192704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Roads to the Orient 《通往东方之路
The Worlds of the Indian Ocean Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/9781108341004.014
P. Beaujard
{"title":"The Roads to the Orient","authors":"P. Beaujard","doi":"10.1017/9781108341004.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108341004.014","url":null,"abstract":"Alexandria was founded in Egypt in 331 bce . In the region of Baṣra, Alexander built an Alexandria that would become Antiocheia and ultimately Spasinou Charax. At the other end of the empire, another Alexandria was also founded in the Indus valley. In Central Asia, four Alexandrias appeared, pointing to Bactria’s importance as a hub of exchanges.","PeriodicalId":256513,"journal":{"name":"The Worlds of the Indian Ocean","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131655706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Were there World-Systems during the Bronze Age? 青铜器时代有世界体系吗?
The Worlds of the Indian Ocean Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/9781108341004.011
P. Beaujard
{"title":"Were there World-Systems during the Bronze Age?","authors":"P. Beaujard","doi":"10.1017/9781108341004.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108341004.011","url":null,"abstract":"The birth of the state in regions benefiting from particular geographical and demographic assets (such as Mesopotamia, Susiana, Egypt, and later the Indus and China) was a period during which a partial break occurred from the mode of accumulation inscribed in kinship relationships. Public and private accumulation of capital appeared, along with a new ideology, techniques of power (Mann 1986) – with writing, and the blossoming of institutions linked to the religious sphere – and new forms of labor mobilization, implying tributes and taxes, and servile or hired labor.","PeriodicalId":256513,"journal":{"name":"The Worlds of the Indian Ocean","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123640161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
East Africa: The Emergence of a Pre-Swahili Culture on the Azanian Coast 东非:阿扎尼亚海岸前斯瓦希里文化的出现
The Worlds of the Indian Ocean Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/9781108341004.019
P. Beaujard
{"title":"East Africa: The Emergence of a Pre-Swahili Culture on the Azanian Coast","authors":"P. Beaujard","doi":"10.1017/9781108341004.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108341004.019","url":null,"abstract":"As has been the case for Southeast Asia, the way in which historians regard the birth and expansion of the coastal cultures of East Africa has changed significantly in recent years. Archaeology has brought forward new knowledge that has caused a reappraisal of traditional accounts of the appearance and rise of settlements on the East African coast. Proponents of an Arab or Persian “colonization” have since given way to the advocates of an African development. However, it seems apparent that the debate cannot be settled in these terms alone.","PeriodicalId":256513,"journal":{"name":"The Worlds of the Indian Ocean","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123176117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
East Africa: Dawn of the Swahili Culture 东非:斯瓦希里文化的黎明
The Worlds of the Indian Ocean Pub Date : 2019-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/9781108341219.006
P. Beaujard
{"title":"East Africa: Dawn of the Swahili Culture","authors":"P. Beaujard","doi":"10.1017/9781108341219.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108341219.006","url":null,"abstract":"From a linguistic point of view, the “Zanjian” phase appears to be marked not only by a differentiation of the “Proto-Sabaki” language (spoken by Bantus settling between the Tana River and southeastern Somalia) into various groups, but also by the expansion of these groups, which D. Nurse links to trade blooming “in contact with foreign traders.” The Swahili and Comorian languages had split by the ninth century (Nurse 1983: 140; Nurse and Hinnebusch 1993: 494–495). During the period between the sixth and tenth centuries, a type of pottery which M. Horton has called Tana Tradition Ware (also referred to as Triangular Incised Ware [TIW] by F. Chami) – also found decorated with crisscross patterns or zigzag bands – replaced Early Iron Age Ware (EIW). Research to date shows that Tana Ware has been discovered from the Kenyan coast to Mozambique and in the Comoros, but not in Madagascar, except at a site on the Androy coast.","PeriodicalId":256513,"journal":{"name":"The Worlds of the Indian Ocean","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129160183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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