{"title":"The application of PROTACs in immune-inflammation diseases","authors":"Chao Zhang , Xiuyun Sun , Peilu Song , Yu Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immune-inflammatory diseases are a class of conditions with high prevalence that severely impact the quality of life. Current treatment strategies include immunosuppressants, glucocorticoids, and monoclonal antibodies. However, these approaches have certain limitations, such as poor membrane permeability, immunogenicity, and the requirement for injection in large molecule drugs. Small molecule compounds, on the other hand, suffer from issues like poor selectivity, inability to inhibit non-enzymatic functions, and biological compensation. These factors constrain the effectiveness of current therapeutic strategies in immune-inflammatory diseases. As a novel small molecule drug development technology, proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) regulate protein levels by inducing interactions between target proteins and E3 ubiquitin ligases, leading to the selective degradation of target proteins. This technology has already shown promising therapeutic effects in the treatment of immune-inflammatory diseases. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the application of PROTAC technology in the field of immune inflammation and provide insights into its potential in treating immune-inflammatory diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 117967"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Duc V.H. Tran, Ha T.N. Nguyen, Hee-Chul Ahn, Young-Woo Kim
{"title":"310-Helix stabilization and screw sense control via stereochemically configured 4-atom hydrocarbon staples","authors":"Duc V.H. Tran, Ha T.N. Nguyen, Hee-Chul Ahn, Young-Woo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 3<sub>10</sub>-helix is a crucial secondary structure in proteins, playing an essential role in various protein–protein interactions, yet stabilizing it in biologically relevant peptides remains challenging. In this study, we investigated the potential of 4-atom hydrocarbon staples to stabilize 3<sub>10</sub>-helices in peptides. Using ring-closing metathesis, we demonstrated that the staple’s configuration is critical for both the stabilization and screw sense control of 3<sub>10</sub>-helices. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that the <strong><em>R<sub>i</sub></em><sub>,</sub><em><sub>i</sub></em><sub>+3</sub><em>S</em>(4)</strong> staple—a 4-atom cross-link with (<em>R</em>)-configuration at the <em>i</em> position, (<em>S</em>)-configuration at the <em>i</em> + 3 position, and flanked by methyl groups—strongly induces right-handed 3<sub>10</sub>-helices, especially in sequences with proteinogenic <span>l</span>-amino acids. Furthermore, multiple staples effectively stabilized longer peptides, underscoring the versatility of this approach for applications in peptide therapeutics and biomolecular engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 117963"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A critical analysis of design, binding pattern and SAR of benzo-fused heteronuclear compounds as VEGFR-2 inhibitors","authors":"Mayank Kashyap, Saurabh Gupta, Yogita Bansal, Gulshan Bansal","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are a class of homodimeric ligands that bind to their receptors (VEGFRs) to carryout physiological and pathological angiogenesis essential for regulating homeostasis of body. Overexpression of VEGF results in metastasis of benign tumor into malignant tumor. An active role of VEGFR-2 in cancer angiogenesis makes it a major target for cancer therapy. FDA approved VEGFR-2 inhibitors like sorafenib, vemurafenib and dabrafenib, and monoclonal antibodies such as bevacizumab and ramucirumab are available in market but possess side effects like hypertension, CVS disorders, liver damage and adverse effects like Iatrogenicity. Several research groups across the globe have designed and reported varied small molecules from different heteronuclei like quinazoline, pyrimidine, coumarin, pyrazole, indoline, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, etc. as VEGFR-2 inhibitors based on the information available on active site of the receptor, and pharmacophoric features of FDA approved drugs. The present review compiles the information available on benzo-fused heteronuclear compounds including benzimidazole, benzoxazole and benzothiazole in recent years, with emphasis on their design, activity, structure–activity relationship (SAR) and docking analysis for understanding binding interactions in the active site of VEGFR-2. In addition to this, a topological similarity analysis of these compounds is performed taking sorafenib as template, and a comprehensive SAR is proposed for researchers to further explore the anticancer potential of these pharmacophore.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"115 ","pages":"Article 117966"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142563477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aneta Vrzalová , Radim Vrzal , Petr Nádvorník , Marek Šebela , Zdeněk Dvořák
{"title":"Modulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity by halogenated indoles","authors":"Aneta Vrzalová , Radim Vrzal , Petr Nádvorník , Marek Šebela , Zdeněk Dvořák","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a cytosolic ligand-activated transcription factor integral to various physiological and pathological processes. Among its diverse ligands, indole-based compounds have garnered attention due to their significant biological activity and potential therapeutic applications. This study explores the activation of AhR by structurally diverse halogenated indoles. We evaluated the transcriptional activity of AhR and cell viability in the human LS174T-AhR-luc reporter cell line. Among the tested compounds, 4-FI, 7-FI, 6-BrI, 7-BrI, 6-Cl-2-ox, 5-Br-2-ox, and 6-Br-2-ox activated AhR in a concentration-dependent manner, displaying high efficacy and potency. Molecular docking analysis revealed moderate binding affinities of these compounds to the PAS-B domain of AhR, corroborated by competitive radioligand binding assays. Functional assays showed that halogenated indoles induce the formation of AhR-ARNT heterodimer and enhance the binding of the AhR to the CYP1A1 promoter. Additionally, 4-FI and 7-FI exhibited anti-inflammatory properties in Caco-2 cell models, highlighting their potential for therapeutic applications. This study underscores the significance of the type and position of halogen moiety in indole scaffold, suggesting their potential as candidates for developing therapeutics drugs to treat conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease via AhR activation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 117964"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinmin Miao , Jianping Lin , Jiajun Dong , Ovini Amarasinghe , Emily R. Mason , Shaoyou Chu , Zihan Qu , Clayton C. Cullers , Karson S. Putt , Zhong-Yin Zhang
{"title":"Discovery and evaluation of novel SHIP-1 inhibitors","authors":"Jinmin Miao , Jianping Lin , Jiajun Dong , Ovini Amarasinghe , Emily R. Mason , Shaoyou Chu , Zihan Qu , Clayton C. Cullers , Karson S. Putt , Zhong-Yin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Src Homology 2-containing Inositol 5′-Phosphatase-1 (SHIP-1), encoded by <em>INPP5D</em>, has been identified as an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk-associated gene through recent genetic and epigenetic studies. SHIP-1 confers AD risk by inhibiting the TREM2 cascade and reducing beneficial microglial cellular processes, including phagocytosis. While several small molecules have been reported to modulate SHIP-1 activity, their limited selectivity and efficacy in advanced models restricted their potential as therapeutic agents or probes for biological studies. Herein, we validated and implemented a high-throughput screening platform to explore new chemotypes that can modulate the phosphatase activity of SHIP-1. We screened 49,260 central nervous system (CNS)-penetrate compounds sourced from commercial vendors using the malachite green-based assay for anti-SHIP-1 activity. Through analysis, prioritization, and validation of the screening hits, we identified three novel types of scaffolds that inhibit the SHIP-1 phosphatase activity with IC<sub>50</sub>s as low as 46.6 µM. To improve the inhibitory activity of these promising hits, we carried out structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies, resulting in a lead molecule SP3-12 that inhibits SHIP-1 with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 6.1 μM. Kinetic analyses of SP3-12 revealed that its inhibition mechanism is competitive, with a <em>K</em><sub>i</sub> value of 3.2 µM for SHIP-1 and a 7-fold selectivity over SHIP-2. Furthermore, results from testing in a microglial phagocytosis/cell health high content assay indicated that SP3-12 could effectively activate phagocytosis in human microglial clone 3 (HMC3) cells, with an EC<sub>50</sub> of 2.0 µM, without cytotoxicity in the dose range. Given its potency, selectivity, and cellular activity, SP3-12 emerges as a promising small molecule inhibitor with potential for investigating the biological functions of SHIP-1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 117965"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nandita Suresh , Betsy Joseph , Pradeesh Sathyan , Vishnupriya K. Sweety , Tuomas Waltimo , Sukumaran Anil
{"title":"Photodynamic therapy: An emerging therapeutic modality in dentistry","authors":"Nandita Suresh , Betsy Joseph , Pradeesh Sathyan , Vishnupriya K. Sweety , Tuomas Waltimo , Sukumaran Anil","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a rapidly evolving, non-invasive treatment modality with considerable promise in dental pharmacotherapeutics. This review article comprehensively examines PDT, beginning with its principles and then delving into its diverse applications in dentistry, including periodontal disease, endodontics, oral cancer, dental implants, and dental caries. Each area presents the latest research and discusses the potential benefits and challenges. The unique advantages of PDT are highlighted, such as selective targeting, broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect, lack of resistance development, and its synergistic effect with other treatments. However, challenges such as photosensitizer delivery, light penetration, oxygen availability, and the need to standardize protocols are also acknowledged. The review further explores future perspectives of PDT in dentistry, including advancements in photosensitizer design, overcoming hypoxic limitations, personalized protocols, integration with other therapies, and standardization and regulation. The potential of advanced technologies, such as nanotechnology and synthetic biology, to improve PDT outcomes is also discussed. The review concludes that while PDT has shown immense potential to revolutionize dental pharmacotherapeutics, further high-quality research is needed to translate this potential into everyday dental practice. The promising future of PDT in dentistry suggests a more effective and less invasive treatment option for a range of dental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 117962"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruifeng Wang , Ke Chen , Shuihua Liu , Ruyue Ren , Hongbao Hou , Qingxuan Zeng , Yi Zhang , Yunfeng Liu
{"title":"Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel oxazole derivatives as potential hypoglycemic agents","authors":"Ruifeng Wang , Ke Chen , Shuihua Liu , Ruyue Ren , Hongbao Hou , Qingxuan Zeng , Yi Zhang , Yunfeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of 2,4-disubstituted-oxazole derivatives have been designed and synthesized based on compound 3a, a promising lead compound developed in our lab. Among these derivatives, the optimized compound 5k exhibited potent hypoglycemic activity, increasing glucose consumption by 60 % in HepG2 cells compared to the solvent control, and its activity was higher than that of metformin. Further investigation indicated that compound 5k exhibited negligible cytotoxic effects at a concentration of 25 μM in HepG2 and 3T3-L1 cells and showed moderate inhibitory activity against various subtypes of human cytochrome P450 subtypes. An oral glucose tolerance test confirmed that 5k is an effective hypoglycemic agent. Additionally, mechanistic studies suggested that 5k may exert its hypoglycemic activity through the activation of the AMPK pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 117961"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liang-han Zhu , Hui-huan Mao , Mingchao He , Zhi-ying Cui , Qi-hua Zhu , Hong-feng Gu , Yun-gen Xu
{"title":"Discovery of cyanoguanidine derivatives as biased μ-opioid receptor agonists","authors":"Liang-han Zhu , Hui-huan Mao , Mingchao He , Zhi-ying Cui , Qi-hua Zhu , Hong-feng Gu , Yun-gen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Opioid agonists, including morphine and its derivatives, have historically been utilized in conventional pain relief therapies. However, the morphine-like side effects associated with these compounds have constrained their broader application in clinical environments. Fortunately, novel compounds that selectively activate μ-opioid receptors (MOR) without activating the β-arrestin2 pathway, such as PZM21 and TRV130, demonstrate the potential to mitigate side effects while maintaining analgesic efficacy. In this study, we structurally modified PZM21 to get a series of compounds with a 2-cyanoguanidine scaffold, the majority of which display significant analgesic effects. Notably, Compound <strong>I-11</strong> exhibited an analgesic effect comparable to that of morphine and selectively activates μ-opioid receptors while avoiding the activation of the β-arrestin2 pathway. Our work not only introduces a novel biased μ-opioid receptor agonist but also serves as a valuable reference for the further optimization of PZM21.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 117943"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liu Tao , Chuanjie Yao , Sijie Wang , Yuying Ye , Zhengchao Tu , Xiaojian Jiang , Lipeng Xu , Luchen Shan , Zheng Liu , Pei Yu
{"title":"Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one derivatives as antidepressant agents","authors":"Liu Tao , Chuanjie Yao , Sijie Wang , Yuying Ye , Zhengchao Tu , Xiaojian Jiang , Lipeng Xu , Luchen Shan , Zheng Liu , Pei Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of novel isobenzofuran-1(3<em>H</em>)<em>-</em>one derivatives were designed and synthesized as antidepressants. Firstly, the serotonin reuptake inhibition of these compounds was tested <em>in vitro,</em> and most of them exhibited activity. Particularly, compounds <strong>9d</strong>, <strong>10a</strong>, and <strong>10c</strong> demonstrated superior inhibitory effects and possibly avoided addiction via the μ-opioid receptor and CCK-B receptor. Secondly, the antidepressant effect of compound <strong>10a</strong> was evaluated using chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced mice. The results showed that compound <strong>10a</strong> significantly improved CRS-induced depression-like behavior by increasing the neurotransmitters 5-HT in the cortex and THP2 expression in the hippocampus. Thirdly, compound <strong>10a</strong> was further investigated and found to enhance CRS-induced hippocampal neuron damage recovery and elevate the expression of synaptic-associated proteins such as BDNF, TrkB, PSD95, and Spinophilin in CRS-induced mice. These findings suggested that novel isobenzofuran-1(3<em>H</em>)<em>-</em>one derivative showed efficacy in treating depression, with compound <strong>10a</strong> emerging as a potential lead compound warranting further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 117941"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142454382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dongxuan Ni , Xuechun Chen , Hairong Wang , Tianze Shen , Xiaoli Li , Bin Liang , Ruihan Zhang , Rong Liu , Weilie Xiao
{"title":"Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4,6-diarylquinoxaline-based KDM4D inhibitors","authors":"Dongxuan Ni , Xuechun Chen , Hairong Wang , Tianze Shen , Xiaoli Li , Bin Liang , Ruihan Zhang , Rong Liu , Weilie Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Histone lysine demethylase 4D (KDM4D) is a critical player in the regulation of tumorigenesis, emerging as a potential target for developing anti-tumor agents. In this study, a series of KDM4D inhibitors containing the 4,6-diarylquinoxaline scaffold were prepared based on the previously discovered hit compound <strong>QD-1</strong>. Among these inhibitors, <strong>33a</strong> was the most potent compound, with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 0.62 μM. In an <em>in vitro</em> assay, <strong>33a</strong> showed a superior ability to inhibit the viability of liver cancer Huh-7 cells with IC<sub>50</sub> = 5.23 μM. <strong>33a</strong> exhibits significant effects in inhibiting cell cycle progression and proliferation of liver cancer cells, as well as suppressing cell migration. This work provided a promising scaffold for developing KDM4D inhibitors, as well as a lead compound for the development of anti-tumor drugs targeting KDM4D.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 117945"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142491788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}