{"title":"The unique activity of saponin: Induction of cytotoxicity in HTLV-1 infected cells","authors":"Wataru Shida , Yurika Tahara , Saki Morikawa , Kazuaki Monde , Ryoko Koga , Takeo Ohsugi , Masami Otsuka , Atsushi Ikemoto , Hiroshi Tateishi , Tsuyoshi Ikeda , Mikako Fujita","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Infection with the retrovirus<span> human T-cell leukemia virus<span> type 1 (HTLV-1) sometimes causes diseases that are difficult to cure. To find anti-HTLV-1 </span></span></span>natural compounds, we opted to screen using the HTLV-1-infected T-cell line, MT-2. Based on our results, an extract of the pulp/seeds of </span><em>Akebia quinata</em><span><span> Decaisne fruit killed MT-2 cells but did not affect the Jurkat cell line that was not infected with virus. To determine the active ingredients, seven </span>saponins with one-six sugar moieties were isolated from </span><em>A. quinata</em> seeds, and their activities against the two cell lines were examined. Both cell lines were killed in a similar manner by Akebia saponins A and B. Further, Akebia saponins D, E, P<sub>K</sub><span> and G did not exhibit cytotoxicity. Akebia saponin C had a similar activity to the extract found in the screening. This compound was found to enhance Gag aggregation, induce the abnormal cleavage of Gag, suppress virion release, and preferentially kill HTLV-1 infected cells; however, their relationship remains elusive. Our findings may lead to the development of new therapies for infectious diseases based on the removal of whole-virus-infected cells.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 117408"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"2614627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scaffold hopping derived novel benzoxazepinone RIPK1 inhibitors as anti-necroptosis agents","authors":"Jiaqin Tang , Yanran Wu , Wenli Zhao, Zhuo Qu, Jianqiang Yu, Zhizhong Wang, Ying Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Receptor-interacting protein kinase<span> 1 (RIPK1)-mediated necroptosis is believed to have a significant role in contributing to inflammatory diseases. Inhibiting RIPK1 has shown promise in effectively alleviating the inflammation process. In our current study, we employed scaffold hopping to develop a series of novel benzoxazepinone derivatives. Among these derivatives, compound o1 displayed the most potent antinecroptosis activity (EC50</span></span> <!-->=<!--> <!-->16.17<!--> <!-->±<!--> <!-->1.878<!--> <span><span>nM) in cellular assays and exhibited the strongest binding affinity to the target site. </span>Molecular docking<span><span> analyses further elucidated the mechanism of action of o1, revealing its ability to fully occupy the protein pocket and form hydrogen bonds with the </span>amino acid<span> residue Asp156. Our findings highlight that o1 specifically inhibits necroptosis, rather than apoptosis<span>, by impeding the RIPK1/Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)/mixed-lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) pathway's phosphorylation, triggered by TNFα, Smac mimetic, and z-VAD (TSZ). Additionally, o1 demonstrated dose-dependent improvements in the survival rate of mice with Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), surpassing the protective effect observed with GSKʹ772.</span></span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 117385"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1828277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aarajana Shrestha , Soo-Yeon Hwang , Surendra Kunwar , Tara Man Kadayat , Seojeong Park , Yi Liu , Hyunji Jo , Naeun Sheen , Minjung Seo , Eung-Seok Lee , Youngjoo Kwon
{"title":"Di-indenopyridines as topoisomerase II-selective anticancer agents: Design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationships","authors":"Aarajana Shrestha , Soo-Yeon Hwang , Surendra Kunwar , Tara Man Kadayat , Seojeong Park , Yi Liu , Hyunji Jo , Naeun Sheen , Minjung Seo , Eung-Seok Lee , Youngjoo Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Topoisomerases are key molecular enzymes responsible for altering DNA topology, thus they have long been considered as attractive targets for novel chemotherapeutic agents. Topoisomerase type II (Topo II) catalytic inhibitors embrace a fresh perspective meant to get beyond drawbacks caused by topo II poisons, such as cardiotoxicity and secondary malignancies. Based on previously reported 5<em>H</em>-indeno[1,2-<em>b</em>]pyridines, here we presented new twenty-three hybrid di-indenopyridines along with their topo I/IIα inhibitory and antiproliferative activity. Most of the prepared 11-phenyl-diindenopyridines showed negligible topo I inhibitory activity, showing selectivity over topo II. Among the series, we finally selected compound <strong>17</strong>, which displayed 100 % topo IIα inhibition at 20 μM concentration and comparable antiproliferative activity against the tested cell lines. Through competitive EtBr displacement assay, cleavable complex assay, and comet assay, compound <strong>17</strong> was finally determined as a non-intercalative catalytic topo IIα inhibitor. The findings in this study highlight the significance of phenolic, halophenyl, thienyl, and furyl groups at the 4-position of the indane ring in the design and synthesis of di-indenopyridines as potent catalytic topo IIα inhibitors with remarkable anticancer effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 117403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3202823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of helicity and hydrophobicity on cell-penetrating ability of arginine-rich peptides","authors":"Makoto Oba , Shun Nakajima , Kurumi Misao , Hidetomo Yokoo , Masakazu Tanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Arginine (Arg)-rich peptides are one of the typical cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), which can deliver membrane-impermeable compounds into intracellular compartments. Guanidino groups in Arg-rich peptides are critical for their high cell-penetrating ability, although it remains unclear whether peptide </span>secondary structures<span> contribute to this ability. In the current study, we designed four Arg-rich peptides containing α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids (dAAs), which prefer to adopt a helical structure<span>. The four dAA-containing peptides adopted slightly different peptide secondary structures, from a random structure to a helical structure, with different hydrophobicities. In these peptides, dipropylglycine-containing peptide exhibited the highest helicity and hydrophobicity, and showed the best cell-penetrating ability. These findings suggested that the helicity and hydrophobicity of Arg-rich peptides contributes to their high cell-penetrating ability.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 117409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1695611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akshay S. Kulkarni , Anshurekha Dash , Rahul D. Shingare , Jagdish Chand , Diksha Manhas , Aman Singh , Utpal Nandi , Anindya Goswami , D. Srinivasa Reddy
{"title":"Identification of new modulator of DNA repairing pathways based on natural product (±)-peharmaline A","authors":"Akshay S. Kulkarni , Anshurekha Dash , Rahul D. Shingare , Jagdish Chand , Diksha Manhas , Aman Singh , Utpal Nandi , Anindya Goswami , D. Srinivasa Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The complex heterogenic environment of tumour mass often leads to drug resistance and facilitate chemo insensitivity triggering more malignant phenotypes among cancer patients. Major DNA-damaging cancer drugs have been consistently proven unsuccessful in terms of elevating chemo-resistance. (±)-peharmaline A, a hybrid natural product isolated from seeds of <em>Peganum harmala</em> L. possesses significant cytotoxic activities. Herein, we have described the design, and synthesis of a novel library of close and simplified analogues around the anticancer natural product (±)-peharmaline A and investigated their cytotoxic activities, which led to the identification of three structurally simplified lead compounds exhibiting better potency than parent natural product. Among them, demethoxy analogue of peharmaline A was further investigated for its anticancer potential eliciting demethoxy analogue as potent DNA-damage inducing agent attenuating the expression of the proteins responsible for the DNA damage repair. Therefore, this demethoxy analogue warrants detailed investigations for the confirmations of the molecular mechanism-based studies responsible for its anticancer activity.</p><p>______________________________________________________________________________</p></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 117365"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1812598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discovery of novel hypoxia-activated, nitroimidazole constructed multi-target kinase inhibitors on the basis of AZD9291 for the treatment of human lung cancer","authors":"Tingting Jia , Ruoyang Miao , Jiankang Zhang , Huajian Zhu , Chong Zhang , Linghui Zeng , Yanmei Zhao , Weiyan Cheng , Jiaan Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A group of 4-(1-methyl-1<em>H</em>-indol-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine derivatives containing a hypoxia-activated nitroimidazole group were designed as EGFR inhibitors. Among this series, <strong>A14</strong> was identified as the optimal compound, exhibiting potent anti-proliferative activities against H1975 and HCC827 cells. Under hypoxic condition, the anti-proliferative activities of <strong>A14</strong> improved by 4–6-fold (IC<sub>50</sub> < 10 nM), indicating its hypoxia-selectivity. <strong>A14</strong>′s high potency may be attributed to its inhibition against multiple kinases, including EGFR, JAK2, ROS1, FLT3, FLT4 and PDGFRα, which was confirmed by binding assays on a panel of 30 kinases. Furthermore, <strong>A14</strong> exhibited good bio-reductive property and could bind with nucleophilic amino acids after being activated under hypoxic conditions. With its anti-proliferative activities and selectivity for hypoxia and oncogenic kinases, <strong>A14</strong> shows promise as a multi-target kinase inhibitor for cancer therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 117384"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1828276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiachen Feng, Luana Janaína de Campos, Mohamed A. Seleem , Martin Conda-Sheridan
{"title":"Synthesis and biological evaluation of sulfonylpyridine derivatives as potential anti-chlamydia agents","authors":"Jiachen Feng, Luana Janaína de Campos, Mohamed A. Seleem , Martin Conda-Sheridan","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em></span><span><span><span><span> is the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the United States and the world. This pathogen can cause </span>health problems ranging from </span>trachoma<span><span> (blindness) to damage of the fallopian tubes or </span>ectopic pregnancy, which can be life-threatening if not treated properly. To this day, there is no chlamydia-specific </span></span>drug on the market. Previously, we reported the activity and basic structure–activity relationships (SAR) of sulfonylpyridine molecules that possess antichlamydial action. Based on those results, we prepared a new series of derivatives. Our data indicate the new analogs can halt the growth of </span><em>C. trachomatis</em>. The lead compound, <strong>22</strong>, was more active than our previous molecules and did not affect the growth of <span><em>S. aureus</em></span> and <em>E. coli</em><span>, suggesting bacterial selectivity. We performed docking studies on the presumed target, the cylindrical protease of </span><em>Chlamydia</em>. The <em>in-silico</em> studies partially explained the <em>in vitro</em><span> biological result as well as predicted a possible binding pose in the binding pocket. The top compound displayed a good cytotoxicity profile towards mammalian cell lines and was stable in both serum and stimulated gastric fluid. The presented data suggests the sulfonylpyridines are promising and selective anti-chlamydial compounds that merit further structural optimization.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 117401"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1695612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research progress of STAT3-based dual inhibitors for cancer therapy","authors":"Xiaojuan Yang, Lu Xu, Li Yang, Shaohong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a transcription factor, regulates gene levels that are associated with cell survival, cell cycle, and immune reaction. It is correlated with the grade of malignancy and the development of various cancers and targeting STAT3 protein is a potentially promising therapeutic strategy for tumors. Over the past 20 years, various compounds have been found to directly inhibit STAT3 activity </span><em>via</em> different strategies. However, numerous difficulties exist in the development of STAT3 inhibitors, such as serious toxic effects, poor therapeutic effects, and intrinsic and acquired drug resistance. STAT3 inhibitors synergistically suppress cancer development with additional anti-tumor drugs, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitors (IDO1i), histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), DNA inhibitors, pro-tumorigenic cytokine inhibitors (PTCi), NF-κB inhibitors, and tubulin inhibitors. Therefore, individual molecule- based dual-target inhibitors can be the candidate alternative or complementary treatment to overcome the disadvantages of just STAT3 or other targets as a monotherapy. In this review, we discuss the theoretical basis for formulating STAT3-based dual-target inhibitors and also summarize their structure–activity relationships (SARs).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 117382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1812597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Gao , Fang Zhao , Yang Wang , Xiaodong Ma , Huayi Chai , Jingjing Han , Fang Fang
{"title":"Discovery of novel hybrids of mTOR inhibitor and NO donor as potential anti-tumor therapeutics","authors":"Xin Gao , Fang Zhao , Yang Wang , Xiaodong Ma , Huayi Chai , Jingjing Han , Fang Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nitric oxide (NO) may be beneficial to overcoming drug resistance resulting from mutation of mTOR kinases and bypass mechanisms. In this study, a novel structural series of hybrids of mTOR inhibitor and NO donor were designed and synthesized <em>via</em> structure-based drug design (SBDD). Throughout the 20 target compounds, half of the compounds (<strong>13a</strong>, <strong>13b</strong>, <strong>19a</strong>-<strong>19d</strong>, <strong>19f</strong>-<strong>19j</strong>) demonstrated attractive mTOR inhibitory activity with IC<sub>50</sub> at single-digit nanomolar level. In particular, <strong>19f</strong> exerted superior anti-proliferative activity against HepG2, MCF-7, HL-60 cells (HepG2, IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.24 μM; MCF-7, IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.88 μM; HL-60, IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.02 μM) to that of the clinical investigated mTOR inhibitor MLN0128, and show mild cytotoxicity against normal cells with IC<sub>50</sub> over 10 μM. <strong>19a</strong>, with the most potent mTOR inhibitory activity in this series (IC<sub>50</sub> = 3.31 nM), also displayed attractive cellular potency. In addition, <strong>19f</strong> treatment in HL-60 reduces the levels of Phos-Akt and Phos-S6 in a dose-dependent manner, and releases NO in cells. In summary, <strong>19f</strong> deserves further development as a novel mTOR-based multi-target anti-cancer agent.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 117402"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1812599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design, synthesis and mechanism studies of dual EZH2/BRD4 inhibitors for cancer therapy","authors":"Xinye Chen, Cheng Wang, Dehua Lu, Heng Luo, Shang Li, Fucheng Yin, Zhongwen Luo, Ningjie Cui, Lingyi Kong, Xiaobing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aberrant expression of EZH2 is frequently observed in cancers, and the EZH2 inhibitors are only effective in hematological malignancies and almost noneffective against solid tumors. It has been reported that the combination of EZH2 and BRD4 inhibitors may be a promising strategy to treat solid tumors being insensitive to EZH2 inhibitors. Thus, a series of EZH2/BRD4 dual inhibitors were designed and synthesized. The optimized compound <strong>28</strong>, encoded as <strong>KWCX-28</strong>, was the most potential compound by the SAR studies. Further mechanism studies showed that <strong>KWCX-28</strong> inhibited HCT-116 cells proliferation (IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.86 µM), induced HCT-116 cells apoptosis, arrested cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and resisted the histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) upregulation. Therefore, <strong>KWCX-28</strong> was a potential dual EZH2/BRD4 inhibitors for treating solid tumors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":255,"journal":{"name":"Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 117386"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"1828278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}