Endothelial Dysfunction - Old Concepts and New Challenges最新文献

Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in HIV-1 Infection 内皮细胞功能障碍在HIV-1感染中的应用

Endothelial Dysfunction - Old Concepts and New Challenges Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73023

P. Mazzuca, A. Caruso, F. Caccuri

引用次数: 3

The Markers of Endothelial Activation 内皮细胞活化的标志物

Endothelial Dysfunction - Old Concepts and New Challenges Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74671

I. Drenjančević, I. Jukić, A. Stupin, A. Cosic, M. Stupin, K. S. Relatic

{"title":"The Markers of Endothelial Activation","authors":"I. Drenjančević, I. Jukić, A. Stupin, A. Cosic, M. Stupin, K. S. Relatic","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74671","url":null,"abstract":"Biomarkers are biological indicators of processes that are part of ethiopathogenesis of the diseases, and can, but do not have to be causal to diseases. One very important question is how specific and sensitive the marker is, since one molecule can appear in many conditions. Biomarkers of endothelial cell activation can be very diverse, from biochemical/ metabolic to functional biomarkers. Activation of endothelial cells is part of physiological as well as pathophysiological response of cardiovascular system in conditions as physical activity, growth, pregnancy and in all cardiometabolic diseases (e.g., hypertension, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune inflammatory diseases, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, ischemia and reperfusion, etc.). During activation, there is a change in endothelial cell morphology and function, which could be a defensive response of endothelium to provoking factor or could lead to increased risk for the injury and end organ damage. This chapter aims to overview current knowledge on established biomarkers of normal and disease-related endothelial activation and to provide information on novel, potential biomarkers in common cardiometabolic diseases.","PeriodicalId":254860,"journal":{"name":"Endothelial Dysfunction - Old Concepts and New Challenges","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116893767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Hox Genes in Adult Tissues and Their Role in Endothelial Cell Differentiation and Angiogenesis 成人组织中的Hox基因及其在内皮细胞分化和血管生成中的作用

Endothelial Dysfunction - Old Concepts and New Challenges Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76745

Estefanía Nova-Lampeti, Valeria Aguilera, Katherine Oporto, Paula Guzmán, V. Ormazábal, F. Zúñiga, C. Escudero, C. Aguayo

{"title":"Hox Genes in Adult Tissues and Their Role in Endothelial Cell Differentiation and Angiogenesis","authors":"Estefanía Nova-Lampeti, Valeria Aguilera, Katherine Oporto, Paula Guzmán, V. Ormazábal, F. Zúñiga, C. Escudero, C. Aguayo","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76745","url":null,"abstract":"HOX genes belong to a family of transcription factors characterized by a 183 bp DNA sequence called homeobox, which code for a 61-amino-acid domain defined as the home -odomain. These genes play a central role during embryonic development by control- ling body organization, organogenesis, and stem cell differentiation. They can also play a role in adult processes such as embryo implantation, hematopoiesis, and endothelial differentiation. Since endothelial cell differentiation is one of the main steps to initiate vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, we analyzed the role of several Hox genes in the regu- lation of these two processes. In this chapter, we summarized the evidence to support the function of Hox genes in adult tissues, specifically in endothelial cell differentiation, by studying their mechanism of action and how their target genes regulate vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms triggered by Hox biological effects is pivotal for designing new drugs or therapies for high prevalent pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases.","PeriodicalId":254860,"journal":{"name":"Endothelial Dysfunction - Old Concepts and New Challenges","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114143577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Endothelial Cell von Willebrand Factor Secretion in Health and Cardiovascular Disease 内皮细胞血管性血友病因子的分泌与心血管疾病

Endothelial Dysfunction - Old Concepts and New Challenges Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.74029

Luiza Rusu, R. Minshall

引用次数: 14

Endothelium at a Glance 内皮一瞥

Endothelial Dysfunction - Old Concepts and New Challenges Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81286

H. Lenasi

{"title":"Endothelium at a Glance","authors":"H. Lenasi","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81286","url":null,"abstract":"Exposed to the blood milieu and variable hemodynamic forces, endothelial cells of different vessels exhibit significant heterogeneity, directing also the variety of endothelial functions. Endothelial cells are actively involved in many physiological processes, including vascular tone regulation, fluid filtration and reabsorption processes, maintenance of blood fluidity and proper hemostasis, leucocyte trafficking, tissue repair, and angiogenesis; accordingly, healthy endothelium is crucial for vascular homeostasis. On the other hand, many exoand endogenous harmful factors can cause endothelial dysfunction, associated with inflammation, thrombosis, pathological vascular wall remodeling, and predisposing to the development of cardiovascular and other diseases. In order to design accurate clinical and pharmacological strategies to postpone or ameliorate endothelial dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction should firstly be recognized. Therefore, understanding endothelial physiology is crucial for clinical measures to be timely taken. The review briefly outlines some basic concepts of endothelial structure and function, focusing on endothelial barrier function and endothelium-dependent vasodilation, and addressing some potential therapeutic targets. Additional specific concepts of endothelial (dys)function, with particular emphasis on its involvement in inflammation, hemostasis, and its (mal)adaptation to environmental challenges are extensively described in the following book chapters.","PeriodicalId":254860,"journal":{"name":"Endothelial Dysfunction - Old Concepts and New Challenges","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114715281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Endothelial Dysfunction as a Consequence of Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage: A Role in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia 内皮糖萼损伤导致的内皮功能障碍:在子痫前期发病机制中的作用

Endothelial Dysfunction - Old Concepts and New Challenges Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75043

M. M. Ziganshina, E. Yarotskaya, N. Bovin, G. Sukhikh

{"title":"Endothelial Dysfunction as a Consequence of Endothelial Glycocalyx Damage: A Role in the Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia","authors":"M. M. Ziganshina, E. Yarotskaya, N. Bovin, G. Sukhikh","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75043","url":null,"abstract":"The endothelial glycocalyx is an intravascular compartment which consists of carbohy- drate part of membrane glycoconjugates, free proteoglycans and associated proteins. It is thought to play an important role in the vascular tone regulation, vascular permeability and thromboresistance. It was suggested that the leading cause of endothelial dysfunction in various cardiovascular, inflammatory, and kidney diseases is the damage of the endothelial glycocalyx. This review presents the changes in the composition and structure of the endothelial glycocalyx in the settings of damage and under systemic inflam - matory response, and the impact of these changes on the functions of endothelial cells and intercellular contacts, mediating the interaction of endothelium and the immune cells. The second issue, discussed in this article is a possible role of endothelial glycocalyx in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia—a complication of pregnancy associated with hypertension, proteinuria and edema. The reviewed data contribute a new insight in the endothelial dysfunction pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":254860,"journal":{"name":"Endothelial Dysfunction - Old Concepts and New Challenges","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132372412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Sensing Fluid-Shear Stress in the Endothelial System with a Special Emphasis on the Primary Cilium 内皮系统中流体剪切应力的感知，特别强调初级纤毛

Endothelial Dysfunction - Old Concepts and New Challenges Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73134

Meriem Rezgaoui, Andres Rodriguez, Kurt Herlitz, Carlos Escudero

{"title":"Sensing Fluid-Shear Stress in the Endothelial System with a Special Emphasis on the Primary Cilium","authors":"Meriem Rezgaoui, Andres Rodriguez, Kurt Herlitz, Carlos Escudero","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73134","url":null,"abstract":"Fluid shear stress (FSS) is able to generate phenotypic changes in the cells in direct contact with the strain force. In order to detect and transduce FSS into intracellular pathways, biological systems use a specific set of sensors, called mechanosensors. The process involves the conversion of the mechanical force into a chemical or electrical signal. Primary cilium is a non-motile organelle that emanates from the cell surface of most mam- malian cell types that act as a mechanosensor. Increasing evidence suggests that primary cilia are key coordinators of signaling pathways in tissue homeostasis and when defective may cause human diseases and developmental disorders. Here, we will describe the endothelial primary cilium as a mechanotransductory organelle sensing FSS. To fulfill this function, primary cilium requires the localization of mechanoproteins, polycystin-1 and 2, in their membrane and the structural gene product, polaris. Physiologically, deflection of primary cilium increases the intracellular calcium concentration triggering a signaling pathway that leads to nitric oxide (NO) formation and vasodilation. Additionally, ciliopathies, such as polycystic kidney disease and atherosclerosis, will also be discussed. We also analyze available information regarding a trio of membrane receptors involved in FSS sensing and transducing such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) and its coreceptor neuropilin (NRP), as well as purinergic receptors (P2Y2). Whether or not they modulate, the primary cilium role in sensing FSS is poorly under-stood. This chapter highlights the main relevance of primary cilium in sensing blood flow, although exact mechanisms are not fully known yet.","PeriodicalId":254860,"journal":{"name":"Endothelial Dysfunction - Old Concepts and New Challenges","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133715384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial Cells 肺血管内皮细胞

Endothelial Dysfunction - Old Concepts and New Challenges Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76995

J. Gonzales, A. Verin

{"title":"Pulmonary Vascular Endothelial Cells","authors":"J. Gonzales, A. Verin","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76995","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (ECs) line the surface of the lung vasculature and accommodate the various levels of blood flow. Pulmonary endothelium is a critical regu lator of vascular homeostasis by inhibiting coagulation of the blood. The ECs bind tis - sue factor pathway inhibitors (TFPI), modulate hemostasis with opposing effects such as antiplatelet, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic properties. Lung endothelium regulates synthesis and metabolism of vasoactive compounds such as nitric oxide and endothe-lin-1, both potent regulators of vascular tone. Cytokines, chemokines, interleukins, adhe - sion molecules, and growth factors can be secreted by pulmonary ECs with positive and adverse effects. Pulmonary endothelium exhibits heterogeneity with diverse expression of molecules and specific differences in signaling induced by various infections such as Gram-positive bacteria. The distinction of macro or microvascular endothelium occurs from the larger vessels to small capillaries in the lung alveoli system. Lectin-binding pat terns discriminate between pulmonary artery and pulmonary microvascular capillary endothelium. The lung is one of the body’s organs with the highest expression of vascu lar endothelial growth factor that stimulates small vessel formation of the microvascular endothelium. Acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease are two prototypes of devastating diseases caused by pulmonary EC dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":254860,"journal":{"name":"Endothelial Dysfunction - Old Concepts and New Challenges","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114556763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Impact of Advanced Glycation End Products on Endothelial Function and Their Potential Link to Atherosclerosis 晚期糖基化终产物对内皮功能的影响及其与动脉粥样硬化的潜在联系

Endothelial Dysfunction - Old Concepts and New Challenges Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73025

E. Álvarez, B. Paradela-Dobarro, M. González-Peteiro, J. González-Juanatey

{"title":"Impact of Advanced Glycation End Products on Endothelial Function and Their Potential Link to Atherosclerosis","authors":"E. Álvarez, B. Paradela-Dobarro, M. González-Peteiro, J. González-Juanatey","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73025","url":null,"abstract":"The role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in cardiovascular diseases is a matter of interest in the last years and the strong association between the action of AGEs on their receptor (RAGE) and atherosclerosis has attracted increased attention. The aim of this chapter is to review the results of our laboratory and others on the molecular mechanisms triggered by AGEs in the endothelium that could participate in the ath- erosclerotic process. These mechanisms and molecular pathways could be the source of new therapeutic targets against atherosclerosis or vascular disease. Oxidative stress in endothelium induced by AGEs triggers molecular signaling pathways that produce an inflammatory response or even endothelial dysfunction. Adhesion molecules expression at the membranes of endothelial cells as a consequence of this response or induced by other mechanisms involving AGEs mediates the adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium. This adhesion is a key step in the atherogenesis process and the possible involvement of AGE-RAGE axis in this process should be considered as a potential therapeutic tar - get. Finally, potential pharmacological modulation of AGE-RAGE axis activity at the endothelium is suggested, but the specific pharmacological tools available nowadays are missing; respectively, drugs used for the treatment of cardiovascular and metabolic dis eases could be helpful for AGE-RAGE axis modulation, thus also affecting endothelial (dys)function.","PeriodicalId":254860,"journal":{"name":"Endothelial Dysfunction - Old Concepts and New Challenges","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133881368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Endothelial Cell Senescence in the Pathogenesis of Endothelial Dysfunction 内皮细胞衰老与内皮功能障碍的发病机制

Endothelial Dysfunction - Old Concepts and New Challenges Pub Date : 2018-10-24 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73024

J. Carracedo, R. Ramírez-Carracedo, M. Alique, Rafael Ramírez-Chamond

引用次数: 16