Basic Biology and Applications of Actinobacteria最新文献

Streptomyces Secondary Metabolites 链霉菌次生代谢物

Basic Biology and Applications of Actinobacteria Pub Date : 2018-12-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79890

Mohammed Harir, H. Bendif, M. Bellahcene, Z. Fortas, R. Pogni

{"title":"Streptomyces Secondary Metabolites","authors":"Mohammed Harir, H. Bendif, M. Bellahcene, Z. Fortas, R. Pogni","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.79890","url":null,"abstract":"Actinobacteria are found spread widely in nature and particular attention is given to their role in the production of various bioactive secondary metabolites. Tests on soil samples show that there can be a diversity of actinomycetes depending on the climate, the area it is growing in, how dry the soil is, and the quality of the soil. However, it was agreed after tests in Yunnan, China, that the genus Streptomyces sp. is most important in ecological function, representing up to 90% of all soil actinomycetes, and therefore helping to show the important characteristics needed of the soil actinomycete population. Streptomycete compounds are used for other biological activities, not just for antibiotics. It has been found that metabolites can be broadly divided into four classes: (1) regulatory activi - ties in compounds, these include consideration of growth factors, morphogenic agents and siderophores, and plants promoting rhizobia; (2) antagonistic agents, these include antiprotozoans, antibacterials, antifungals, as well as antivirals; (3) agrobiologicals, these include insecticides, pesticides, and herbicides; and (4) pharmacological agents, these include neurological agents, immunomodulators, antitumorals, and derivatives to high molecular weight proteides, and macrolactones from simple eight mem - bered lactones to different condensed macrolactones. Berdy (1974) introduced the first classification scheme for antibiotics referring to the chemical structure. On the basis of Berdy’s scheme, (1996) recognized that both low and high molecular weight compounds from 63 different chemical classes are produced by streptomycetes.","PeriodicalId":254721,"journal":{"name":"Basic Biology and Applications of Actinobacteria","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132620013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 49

The Genus Corynebacterium in the Genomic Era 基因组时代的棒状杆菌属

Basic Biology and Applications of Actinobacteria Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.80445

C. L. Araújo, J. Alves, Alyne Cristina Sodré Lima, L. Dias, Patricia Silva, J. Marques, V. Azevedo, Artur Silva, A. Folador

引用次数: 3

Zoonotic Tuberculosis: A Concern and Strategies to Combat 人畜共患结核病:关注与防治策略

Basic Biology and Applications of Actinobacteria Pub Date : 2018-11-05 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76802

Ravi N. Teppawar, Sandeep P. Chaudhari, Shilpa L. Moon, Shilpshri V. Shinde, Wiqar A. Khan, Archana R. Patil

{"title":"Zoonotic Tuberculosis: A Concern and Strategies to Combat","authors":"Ravi N. Teppawar, Sandeep P. Chaudhari, Shilpa L. Moon, Shilpshri V. Shinde, Wiqar A. Khan, Archana R. Patil","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76802","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium bovis is the main causal agent of bovine tuberculosis that causes zoonotic tuberculosis in humans. The most common routes of transmission of the agent to human are airborne transmission, consumption of unpasteurized milk, direct contact with infected animals or untreated animal products. Conventional diagnostic methods in com- bination with modern molecular and immunological techniques should be used for early and accurate diagnosis of the disease. Some of the challenges to tackle and eradicate zoonotic TB in developing countries are having many hosts, absence of early diagnosis, presence of other acute diseases, being economically unable to implement control strate- gies, and other social and cultural issues. Usually treatment is not recommended in animals but vaccination is carried out in some countries as a preventive measure. Due to the grave consequences of M. bovis infection on animal and human health, it is necessary to introduce accurate control measures to reduce the risk of disease in human and animal populations. Proper food hygiene practices, slaughter of the affected animals in developed countries, and segregation of the suspected animals in developing countries along with stronger intersectoral collaboration between the veterinary and medical professions are important for the control of the disease.","PeriodicalId":254721,"journal":{"name":"Basic Biology and Applications of Actinobacteria","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123634925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Clade-Specific Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Mutations in the Population of Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Prospects for Drug Resistance Reversion 结核分枝杆菌群体中抗生素耐药突变的分支特异性分布-耐药性逆转的前景

Basic Biology and Applications of Actinobacteria Pub Date : 2018-03-07 DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75181

K. Niekerk, R. Pierneef, O. Reva, Ilya S. Korostetskiy, A. Ilin, Gulshara K. Akhmetova

{"title":"Clade-Specific Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Mutations in the Population of Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Prospects for Drug Resistance Reversion","authors":"K. Niekerk, R. Pierneef, O. Reva, Ilya S. Korostetskiy, A. Ilin, Gulshara K. Akhmetova","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75181","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a leading cause of death in humans worldwide. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Mtb is a threat to tuberculosis control. A general belief is that drug resistance is acquired by Mtb during antibiotic treatment by accumulation of spontaneous mutations. Also, it is known that the drug resistance mutations (DRM) have an associated fitness cost, reducing the trans - missibility and virulence of resistant strains. In this work we show that many canonical DRM are clade specific; i.e. they occur only in specific genetic lineages of Mtb and depend on a specific genetic context necessary for the reduction of the fitness cost and sustainabil ity of the drug resistance phenotype. Dependence of the drug resistance on occurrence of genetic variants of multiple genes and specific activities of the encoded proteins allows combating the drug resistance by impairing the global genetic context. A new drug, FS-1, reverses antibiotic resistance by compromising this genetic context and aggravating the fitness cost of DRM. creatinine allergies, espe cially an to iodine-containing preparations; and any other cardiovascular, kidney liver decompensated concomitant diseases.","PeriodicalId":254721,"journal":{"name":"Basic Biology and Applications of Actinobacteria","volume":"2 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133777994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3