{"title":"Sex Differences in Exercise-Induced Effects on Respiratory Infection and Immune Function","authors":"Daniel E. Rodriguez Bauza, P. Silveyra","doi":"10.33590/respiramj/11000034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/respiramj/11000034","url":null,"abstract":"A physically active lifestyle has health benefits, including enhanced vaccination responses, improved neutrophil and macrophage function, increased T cell proliferative capacity, lower numbers of senescent T cells, and lower levels of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, exercise or physical activity is effective for preventing and treating chronic diseases. A more robust immune response is generally thought to be exerted in females than males in response to various challenges. Sex hormones in both sexes have been suggested as mediators of immune function, but research on this topic has not been designed with a sex-specific lens. The authors reviewed and summarized the experimental and clinical evidence in the available literature linking exercise, immune function, and risk of upper respiratory infections, as well as associated mechanisms. Collectively, the available literature indicates that moderate exercise improves immune function and risk for upper respiratory infections in both sexes. In contrast, prolonged and high-intensity exercise temporarily impairs immune responses and upper respiratory infection risk at a higher degree in females than males. Therefore, moderate exercise and activity may enhance immune function regardless of sex, whereas prolonged and high-intensity exercise temporarily impairs immune responses, predominantly in females more than their male counterparts.","PeriodicalId":253908,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory The American Medical Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140714201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease at the 2023 American Thoracic Society (ATS) International Conference","authors":"D. Mannino","doi":"10.33590/respiramj/10307281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/respiramj/10307281","url":null,"abstract":"THE 2023 American Thoracic Society (ATS) international conference was held in Washington, D.C., USA, from May 20–24, 2023. The conference, which was nearly back to full strength after 3 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, had over 13,000 attendees, and featured over 200 sessions that dealt with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in some capacity. These sessions ranged from poster presentations to mini symposia to plenary sessions, and almost every other option available at the conference. Topics ranged from basic science and mechanisms to risk factors, epidemiology, and results of important clinical trials. This review will focus on some of the more impactful presentations at the meeting.","PeriodicalId":253908,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory The American Medical Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127888943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"American Thoracic Society (ATS) Clinical Practice Guidelines: Clinical Practice on The Cutting Edge","authors":"Natasha Meunier-McVey","doi":"10.33590/respiramj/10300085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/respiramj/10300085","url":null,"abstract":"AN ENGAGING session on the newly revised American Thoracic Society (ATS) Clinical Practice Guidelines: Clinical Practice on The Cutting Edge focused on key updates to the idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) guidelines. The session was a workshop report defining pulmonary rehabilitation, and a technical statement on the measurement of lung volumes. Presented at the Annual ATS International Conference on May 22, 2023, the session, chaired by Mark L. Metersky, Professor of Medicine and Associate Chief of Service, Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA, delved into how evidence is used to inform diagnostic and treatment recommendations.","PeriodicalId":253908,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory The American Medical Journal","volume":"57 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114562743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Promoting Health Equity and Reducing Medical Disparities","authors":"Robin Stannard","doi":"10.33590/respiramj/10307650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/respiramj/10307650","url":null,"abstract":"IN A highly current, relevant, and consequential keynote lecture at the American Thoracic Society (ATS) International Conference 2023, Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA, delved into the pervasive disparities in health equity that are seen both in the USA and across the globe. Pérez-Stable focused their lecture on the need for standardized measures and data sets to increase understanding of the socioeconomic factors that contribute to medical disparities. Using clinical examples of tobacco use behavior, asthma epidemiology, lung cancer management, and diversity of medical professionals, Pérez-Stable delved into the nuanced and significant challenge of health disparities.","PeriodicalId":253908,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory The American Medical Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132227233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ATS 2023 Interview: Debra M. Boyer","authors":"Debra M. Boyer","doi":"10.33590/respiramj/10305111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/respiramj/10305111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":253908,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory The American Medical Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130172285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ATS 2023 Interview: Michelle Gong","authors":"Michelle Gong","doi":"10.33590/respiramj/10306567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/respiramj/10306567","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":253908,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory The American Medical Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128569262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) International Conference 2023","authors":"Noémie Fouarge","doi":"10.33590/respiramj/10302353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/respiramj/10302353","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":253908,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory The American Medical Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124770136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Host Inflammatory Response in Viral Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: Friend or Foe?","authors":"H. Moir","doi":"10.33590/respiramj/10304417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/respiramj/10304417","url":null,"abstract":"Viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) are a leading cause of hospitalizations and death worldwide, placing significant pressure on healthcare systems. In this article, two pulmonary critical care specialists explored the prevalence and global burden of viral LRTIs, focusing on recent advancements in understanding the role of dysregulated host immune response and hyper-inflammation. Specifically, they focused on the relevance of alarmin cytokines and their association with adverse patient outcomes.\u0000\u0000This article reviews the presentations delivered during an industry theater session that took place at the American Thoracic Society (ATS) 2023 International Conference, held in person in Washington, D.C., USA, in May 2023. The primary objective of this session was to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact and burden imposed by severe viral LRTIs. Pratik Sinha, an Assistant Professor in Anesthesiology at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA, provided valuable insights into the drivers behind the progression of viral LRTIs, which result in significant mortality and morbidity, imposing a considerable clinical burden with unmet needs. Nuala Meyer, an Associate Professor of Medicine at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA, shed light on the dysregulated host immune response and hyper-inflammation triggered by viral infections, which serve as key drivers of disease progression and severe patient outcomes. Sinha also discussed the potential role of alarmin cytokines, particularly IL-33, in influencing the severity and progression of respiratory viral infection. These cytokines may also serve as pleiotropic regulators of the host immune response to viral LRTIs.","PeriodicalId":253908,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory The American Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116109650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interview: Stacey M. Kassutto","authors":"S. Kassutto","doi":"10.33590/respiramj/10309570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/respiramj/10309570","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":253908,"journal":{"name":"Respiratory The American Medical Journal","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127631603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}