VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY最新文献

{"title":"EFFICIENCY OF PLANT IRRADIATION IN PROTECTED GROUND STRUCTURES","authors":"R. Galiullin, R. Aipov, R.B. Yarullin","doi":"10.31563/1684-7628-2019-52-4-100-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2019-52-4-100-105","url":null,"abstract":"The advantage of LED lamps over conventional means of plant irradiation is described. An analytic expression is proposed to determine the relationship between LED lamp characteristics and plant parameters such as the stem growth and biomass. The formula also identifies the plant growth phase, which is crucial in development of automated energy-saving LED irradiation facilities for greenhouses.","PeriodicalId":253385,"journal":{"name":"VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127084660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GRAIN CROP GROWTH SLOWDOWN IN SOIL TOXICOSIS","authors":"G. Fedotov, M. F. Fedotova, V. Shalaev, Y. Batyrev, G.I. Gorepekin","doi":"10.31563/1684-7628-2019-52-4-54-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2019-52-4-54-60","url":null,"abstract":"Inhibition of grain seed germination in the soils of the Russian plain was detected. Vegetation experiments showed that inhibition of seed germination and seedling development observed for the first 2 days in laboratory experiments did not level during the following plant growth stages and slowdown in the plant growth was evident after 14 days. Different crops and varieties are inhibited by the same soils in different ways. Instead of studying soil toxicosis on test plants inhibition of specific plants on the study soils should be researched. To assess the impact of soil toxicosis on plant yielding capacity, it is proposed to use the delay in the germination time and seed development in soils compared to sand. The choice of varieties for sowing on specific fields through assessing soil toxicosis for these varieties based on seedling length is very promising to select spring crops.","PeriodicalId":253385,"journal":{"name":"VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121172770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EVALUATION OF TREATMENT EFFICIENCY OF RAIN-FED SLOPING LAND IN THE SOUTHERN DISTRICTS OF THE ROSTOV REGION BY THE INNOVATIVE CHISEL PLOW ГНЧ-0,6M","authors":"A. A. Mikhaylin, V. P. Maksimov","doi":"10.31563/1684-7628-2019-52-4-123-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2019-52-4-123-129","url":null,"abstract":"The modeling of the events of moisture transfer in the soil uses the concept of porosity, which directly depends on the density and physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The creation of the necessary conditions for water permeability is possible by the relevant working bodies due to the mechanical crumbling of the over-compacted horizons into soil lumps of the appropriate size. An integral indicator of the economic functions of the soil is the biological productivity – yield, which is determined mainly by the use of different types of reclamation. In this case, there is a reclamation of reclaimed slope land, which after loosening receives a new evolution and the possibility of implementing new technological processes providing a global goal of increasing yields. The estimates of the effectiveness of different methods of soil treatment are given. The content of soil-reclamation agricultural engineering on the basis of soil loosening is considered. The data of experimental studies of innovative deep-loosener ГНЧ-0,6M, including comparative indicators of yield of spring barley on slope lands after tillage by the proposed device and prototype are shown. As a result of the studies of the aftereffect of deep loosening to a depth of 60 cm, it was found that in order to maintain a high yield of crops, in climatic and soil conditions of the venue, reclamation measures for deep loosening to a depth of 0,6 m should be carried out once every two years.","PeriodicalId":253385,"journal":{"name":"VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130782707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDENTIFYING OF DROUGHT TOLERANT WHEAT GENOTYPES IN CULTURE OF IMMATURE EMBRYOS IN VITRO","authors":"N. Kruglova, O. Seldimirova, A. Zinatullina, V. I. Nikonov","doi":"10.31563/1684-7628-2019-52-4-37-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2019-52-4-37-41","url":null,"abstract":"The drought tolerance of immature embryos (17,5–20,0 days after artificial pollination) of a number of varieties and hybrid combinations of spring soft wheat was assessed. Donor plants were grown in the field during vegetation season 2018. The detection of drought resistance of immature embryos was conducted by their ability to give rise to a seedling developing to the phenophase of tillering in vitro in conditions simulating a moisture deficit. Moisture deficiency was achieved by introducing the PEG 6000 into composition of the nutrient medium MS. The embryos were incubated in the dark at +27 °C for 21 days. Conducted a visual assessment of morphological indicators of developing seedlings of regenerants to the phenological phase of tillering. The development of the seedling to the phenophase of complete grain ripeness in soil conditions ex vitro and the laboratory germination of the obtained grains were evaluated. The wheat genotypes, characterized by both the ability of immature embryos to form seedlings in the conditions of drought simulation and a sufficiently high laboratory germination of the obtained grains were revealed. These wheat genotypes can be recommended for use in the creation of drought-resistant hybrid lines and for their inclusion in the breeding process as initial forms.","PeriodicalId":253385,"journal":{"name":"VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123598859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FLORA OF LAWNS IN THE CITY OF UFA","authors":"L. Ishbirdina, L. Blonskaya, A. Timeryanov, S. Konashova, S. Muftakhova","doi":"10.31563/1684-7628-2019-52-4-24-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2019-52-4-24-30","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a study in the flora of lawns in Ufa. The lawn flora is represented by 192 species belonging to 31 families. Based on coenotic and ecological characteristics, four ecological coenotic groups of species were singled out that were described in the lawn designated areas. The ecological coenotic groups were analysed for life form spectra, hemeroby, species activity. Among the plant communities of typical low-trampled and well-maintained urban lawns (the ecological coenotic group of Festuca pratensis) Poaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Apiaceae families were the leading ones, where hemicryptophytes and oligo-meso-αeuhemerobes dominated. The lawns subjected to significant anthropogenic impact (trampling, salinization) (the ecological coenotic group of Taraxacum officinale) had a large number of species that belonged to the «ruderal» Polygonaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae families, where hemicryptophytes and meso-euhemerobes dominated. Ruderal species of Asteraceae, Poaceae, Amaranthaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Polygonaceae families prevailed, with a large share of ruderal and semi-ruderal annual and biennial plants, β-eupolyhemerobes, in the lawn designated areas where gramineous plant community did not develop after soil disturbance (the ecological coenotic group of Chenopodium album). Ruderal species of Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Polygonaceae families with a large portion of ruderal annual and biennial β-eupolyhemerobes also dominated in humid and waterlogged lawn areas. The ecological ecoenotic groups of Taraxacum officinale, Chenopodium album and Bidens tripartita had a large number of neophyte species. The lawn areas with the ecological coenotic groups of Taraxacum officinale, Chenopodium album and Bidens tripartite were found as most colonized with ruderal plants. A number of measures are required to build dense grass covering: reconstruction and heavy maintenance of lawns combined with sowing quality lawn grass mixtures, regular mowing practices to reduce the number of ruderal hemytherophytes and therophytes, timely plant nutrition and watering.","PeriodicalId":253385,"journal":{"name":"VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134108251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOIL EROSION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN: A HISTORICAL REVIEW, MODERN STATE AND PROSPECTS OF FURTHER STUDIES","authors":"E. Shamshurina, M. Komissarov, A. Zhidkin","doi":"10.31563/1684-7628-2019-52-4-60-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2019-52-4-60-69","url":null,"abstract":"The article present a literature review of soil erosion studies at the Republic of Bashkortostan. The history of soil erosion development in the region is described. The data of soil losses in different climatic zones of republic during different erosion events (snow melting, rainfall, irrigation and deflation) and time intervals are shown. The analysis of articles based on study of erosion-accumulation processes was carried out and recommendations for using of modern methods were given.","PeriodicalId":253385,"journal":{"name":"VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134634743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF LIVESTOCK COMPLEXES WASTEWATER IRRIGATION ON THE SALT MODE OF SOILS","authors":"R. F. Abdrakhmanov, A. Komissarov, L. Khasanova, Yu.A. Kovshov","doi":"10.31563/1684-7628-2019-52-4-6-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2019-52-4-6-14","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing crop yields involves the introduction of not only mineral, but also organic fertilizers into the soil. The disposal of manure of large livestock complexes in adjacent fields in combination with irrigation is of particular relevance at present. This allows, on the one hand, to reduce the load on treatment facilities, and, on the other hand, to improve the soil fertility of adjacent farmland. The article presents the results of monitoring the hydrogeological and reclamation state of the lands in the state farm «Roschinsky» in the Sterlitamak district of the Republic of Bashkortostan irrigated with wastewater from the livestock complex. It is revealed that for the periods from 1987 to 1997 irrigation with wastewater caused an increase in the mineralization of soil solutions from 0,007–0,096 to 0,34–0,45 %. The accumulation of sodium, magnesium, calcium, sulfate and chlorine ions in soils took place. The capacity of the soil-absorbed complex decreased from 49,8 to 12,8 mEq/100 g. Under the influence of irrigation with sewage, the chemical composition and salinity of the groundwater underwent significant changes. The content of sulfates (from 20–40 to 150–350 mg/l), chlorine (from 10–20 to 100–200 mg/l), sodium (from 10–50 to 70–100 mg/l) increased. The mineralization increased from 0,6–0,7 to 1,4–2,7 g/l. The deterioration of soil properties was also observed in the subsequent observation period from 2006 to 2010. Exceeding the boundary value of the dry residue for non-saline soil (0,25 %) in the meter soil layer was noted in 2010 at 9 out of 10 observation points, while in 2006 – only at 1 observation point. The total amount of water-soluble salts in a meter layer of soil from 2006 to 2010 increased by 14,2 t/ha, including toxic salts by 9,57 t/ha. To prevent the further development of salinization processes, the disposal of livestock stocks must be alternated with seasonal preventive leaching of the soil against a background of closed horizontal drainage, as well as increasing the area of the irrigated area and including salt-resistant crops in the rotation.","PeriodicalId":253385,"journal":{"name":"VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122573401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF BLACK-AND-WHITE REPLACEMENT HEIFERS DEPENDING ON THE ORIGIN","authors":"A. Lyubimov, Yulia Isupova","doi":"10.31563/1684-7628-2019-51-3-52-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2019-51-3-52-58","url":null,"abstract":"The study analysed absolute, average daily and relative live weight growth indices in replacement of the holstein friesian (black-and-white) heifers for the breeding period. The study was conducted at AO (JSC) «Uchkhoz Iyulskoe Izhevsk state agricultural academy» in Votkinsk district of Udmurt Republic. Also, the study focused on dynamics of body measurements in the young animals of different origin from birth to the age of 12 months. Maintenance and feeding conditions met the physiological requirements. The heifers demonstrated the highest growth indices at the age of 6–9 months. The absolute weight gain was 67,8 kg, the average daily weight gain was 753,5 g. As for the dynamics of body measurements a significant increase was observed up to the age of 6 months. Height measurements increased by an average of 11–15 cm, oblique body length rose by 20 cm, chest measurements increased by 8–30 cm, hip width grew by 9 cm and shank measurements increased by 2 cm on average for the study period. Depending on the origin, it was found that heifers of the lines by R. Sovering and V.B. Ideal had the highest absolute and average daily weight values at the age of 9 months, they were 73,6 kg, 817,3 g and 69,1 kg, 768,2 g, respectively. M. Chiftain’s line heifers showed the lowest growth indices in all of the analysed age periods. Heifers of the line by V.B. Ideal demonstrated the greatest increase in body measurements with age. Up to the age of 6 months, their main body measurements exceeded other line heifers by 6–10 cm. From the age of 9 months, the largest increase in measurements was observed in R. Sovering’ line heifers, these indices were higher by 2–3 cm than in other line heifers.","PeriodicalId":253385,"journal":{"name":"VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123460405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN PLANTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN","authors":"I. Sabirzyanov, K. Gabdrakhimov, L. Blonskaya","doi":"10.31563/1684-7628-2019-51-3-14-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2019-51-3-14-19","url":null,"abstract":"The article reports the impact of carbon on the greenhouse effect in the atmosphere, the composition of the land Fund of the Republic of Bashkortostan, including the distribution of agricultural land and forest land. Figures of the net carbon captured, lost and the carbon balance in biomass of forest tree species in the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. Carbon behavior pattern in the forests in the Republic of Bashkortostan is described as of 2007 and 2017. Carbon sequestration in plants is calculated including the average plant reserves per unit area in the context of coniferous tree species. Carbon sequestration capacity is identified. The paper presents causes of low carbon flow in the study forests. The age groups of forest stand as well as tree species with higher carbon capture capacity are revealed. In conclusion, the authors come up with measures to increase carbon sequestration and reduce the greenhouse effect in the long term.","PeriodicalId":253385,"journal":{"name":"VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116056967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDY RESULTS OF IMMUNE RESPONSE INTENSITY IN CATTLE VACCINATED AGAINST RABIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN AND BORDER AREAS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN","authors":"D. N. Latfullin, R. M. Akhmadeev, N.R. Miftahov, Kh.N. Makaev","doi":"10.31563/1684-7628-2019-51-3-48-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31563/1684-7628-2019-51-3-48-52","url":null,"abstract":"Rabies control programs include preventive immunization of farm and domestic animals, catching stray dogs and cats, oral vaccination of wild animals, and measures to control the number of the wildlife. Rabies in ruminants is a deadlock in the rabies epizootic situation. Rabies in ruminant animals is the result of the epizootic process in wild animals of the area, even if the process is not recorded. The more than doubled decrease in the number of cattle the European part of Russia saw in recent years resulted in a decrease in cases of rabies in these animals. Vaccination forms the animal group that prevents the further spread of infection, and further reduces morbidity. The paper presents the data on the rabies epizootic situation on the territory of Tatarstan in 2018, preventive measures against the epizootic situation among domestic, wild and farm animals. Also, it presents laboratory results of blood 51 DOI: 10.31563/1684-7628-2019-51-3-48-52 Вестник БГАУ / Vestnik BSAU, 2019, № 3 serum samples in the cattle vaccinated against rabies in some areas of Tatarstan and border areas of Bashkortostan. The study results indicate that both regions take effective measures against rabies. The incidence of rabies in farm animals is minimized due to a large number of vaccinated animals, and preventive measures taken against rabies among wild animals. Revaccination of cattle is needed in a number of areas to ensure better protection of animals.","PeriodicalId":253385,"journal":{"name":"VESTNIK OF THE BASHKIR STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130459385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}