{"title":"Preparation Techniques for Hydrotreating Catalysts and Their Influence on the Location of the Metal Oxides and Performance","authors":"W. Keely, P. Jerus, E. Dienes, A. L. Hausberger","doi":"10.1080/01614948408064723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01614948408064723","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There have been many studies in the last 30 years on hydrotreating catalysts. The early studies involve various metals and supports and their influence on activity. Later studies have applied bulk and surface analytical techniques to defining the structure of catalysts and to activity [1–4]. Few of the papers try to correlate the bulk and surface properties to the preparation method for a fixed composition, and the resulting performance observed [5].","PeriodicalId":253208,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis and Surface Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121585222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Fundamental Study of High Activity Catalyst for Olefin Polymerization","authors":"J. Chien","doi":"10.1080/01614948408064728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01614948408064728","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Soon after the commercialization of the Ziegler-Natta catalyst for polyolefin production, efforts were begun to improve the productivity of the catalyst. It was realized that the α- and σ-forms of TiC13 have layered crystal structures having only chlorine atoms in the basal planes, Exposed and coordinatively unsaturated Ti sites are only found along c-axis edges of the crystallites. Therefore, if a suitable support is found and Ti atoms can be anchored to its surface with stereoelectronic characteristics resembling those in the AA-TiCl3, then a high activity catalyst would result. This search progressed from metal oxides to metal hydroxides, to metal hydroxychlorides, and finally to metal chlorides, in particular magnesium chloride. The historical developments have been discussed in detail by Karol and Hsieh at this conference.","PeriodicalId":253208,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis and Surface Science","volume":"1998 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134561507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reactor Developments in Hydrotreating and Conversion of Residues","authors":"F. Dautzenberg, J. D. Deken","doi":"10.1080/01614948408064720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01614948408064720","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Many industrialized western countries depend on imported foreign crude. In 1977, for example, the United States imported 46% of its oil and petroleum products, chiefly from Saudi Arabia, Iran, and other OPEC nations. By September 1, 1983, the United States imported only 28% of its oil. The chief suppliers were Mexico, with 826,000 barrels per day, Canada, with 479,000, and Venezuela, with 419,000. Saudi Arabia is now seventh on the list of suppliers for the United States. This shift is responsible for the trend toward a heavier crude supply mix on the international market. Transportation fuels and petrochemical feedstocks are in increasing demand; hence many refiners would like to get out of the fuel oil business, More “bottom-of-the-barrel” conversion capability will be required in many refineries to efficiently process these heavier feedstocks and maximize production of light products.","PeriodicalId":253208,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis and Surface Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131584865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chemicals from Methanol","authors":"W. Calkins","doi":"10.1080/01614948408064717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01614948408064717","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the past 35 years, the chemical industry has largely changed its raw material base from coal to petroleum and natural gas. This has basically meant a shift from acetylene chemistry and coal tar chemistry to olefin chemistry (ethylene, propylene, isobutylene and butadiene) and petroleum-derived benzene, toluene, and xylenes. Methanol, ammonia, and hydrogen are still made from synthesis gas. However, synthesis gas is now made by methane reforming instead of coal gasification. These conversions have involved a vast expenditure of money, time, and effort, but the financial incentives have been huge and a great deal of new chemistry has been uncovered.","PeriodicalId":253208,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis and Surface Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130030045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Importance of Co-Mo-S Type Structures in Hydrodesulfurization","authors":"Henrik Tops⊘e, B. Clausen","doi":"10.1080/01614948408064719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01614948408064719","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The great current interest in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and other hydrotreating reactions is related to the need for efficient upgrading of crude oil fractions or coal-derived liquids. The catalysts used for such reactions generally consist of molybdenum (or tungsten) supported on high surface area aluminas with cobalt or nickel added as promoters. Great efforts have been devoted to the understanding of the structural and chemical form in which the different elements are present in the active catalyst and to the establishment of correlations between such information and the various catalytic functions. This massive research effort has given valuable information on many aspects of such catalyst systems (for recent reviews of the extensive literature, see, e.g., Refs. 1–11). However, it has not been possible to reach general agreement on the types of structures present in the active catalysts and the origin of promotion","PeriodicalId":253208,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis and Surface Science","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129766914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mobil Zeolite Catalysts for Monomers","authors":"W. W. Kaeding, G. Barile, M. M. Wu","doi":"10.1080/01614948408064727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01614948408064727","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It has been about 20 years since Plank, Rosinski, and Hawthorne reported their spectacular results with metal-modified zeolite cracking catalysts for more efficient production of gasoline [1]. This discovery has saved an estimated 200 million barrels of crude oil each year in the United States alone [2]. In 1972, a patent by Argauer and Landolt described the preparation of a member of a generation of new synthetic zeolites, called ZSM- 5. It was unique because of its high silica/alumina ratio and greatly reduced coking rates for reactions with hydrocarbons by comparison with known low silica zeolites [3]. This material was an early member of a series of over 50 synthetic zeolitic substances prepared in Mobil laboratories.","PeriodicalId":253208,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis and Surface Science","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124528539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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