The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics最新文献

METI’s Miraculous Comeback and the Uncertain Future of Japanese Industrial Policy 经济产业省的奇迹般回归与日本产业政策的不确定未来

The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050993.013.19

G. Noble

{"title":"METI’s Miraculous Comeback and the Uncertain Future of Japanese Industrial Policy","authors":"G. Noble","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050993.013.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050993.013.19","url":null,"abstract":"If the industrial policy of Japan’s Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) gained acclaim for having created an “economic miracle” in the 1950s and 1960s, a spirited counterattack arose in the 1980s, and by time of the bursting of the financial bubble in the 1990s, industrial policy increasingly looked like an outmoded and discredited relic. Events then took an unexpected turn: MITI (since 2001 called the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, or METI) managed to turn a series of bureaucratic and political reforms and upheavals into opportunities for institutional rebirth, while once-proud Japanese companies struggled. Yet in Japan’s aging, slow-growth economy, reigniting dynamism has proved difficult. Efforts to enhance economy-wide productivity have made some progress, but have yet to overcome the obstacles to growth. METI’s expanded jurisdiction and reinforced political support have been matched by demands to enhance the viability of Japanese firms to meet the new competitive pressures and security threats from China and Korea, and even the United States. In some cases, notably the electronics industry, industrial policy has ended up bailing out failing firms. In the crucial automobile industry, in contrast, industrial policy has made significant contributions even as the leading firms have gone global, but METI has received little credit. Continued political support is not guaranteed. Outside Japan, the international financial crisis of 2008–2009, the failure of many developing countries to surmount an apparent middle-income trap, and the rise of China have converged to spark renewed interest in industrial policy and the experience of Japan.","PeriodicalId":253059,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129443843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Japan’s Grand Strategy for a Free and Open Indo-Pacific 日本的印度太平洋自由开放大战略

The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050993.013.27

Narushige Michishita

引用次数: 3

Japan-India Relations: From Weak Links to Stronger Ties 日印关系:从弱联系到强联系

The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050993.013.45

P. Jain

{"title":"Japan-India Relations: From Weak Links to Stronger Ties","authors":"P. Jain","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050993.013.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050993.013.45","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter broadly examines the rather uneven development of Japan-India postwar relations, analyzing factors behind the almost half-century of low-intensity and at times mutual neglect and rocky engagement that followed the smooth takeoff in relations at the end of World War II, with re-ignition over the past two decades. It considers various push-and-pull factors, including changes in the two nations’ domestic and external circumstances that explain Japan’s transformation from neglecting India during the Cold War period to recognizing India as one of its key strategic partners today. This analysis recognizes that a realist perspective most usefully explains Japan’s response to the power structure in place during the Cold War that set the two nations apart, and to the subsequent transition in power relations regionally and globally that has brought about a convergence of the nations’ strategic interests. Both nations today uphold belief in the value of economic interdependence, international institutions, and democratic process, yet their primary concern with each other has remained strategic in the Indo-Pacific era. National leaders have been instrumental in steering these responses, as is especially evident in the diplomatic postures of former Prime Minister Shinzō Abe and his Indian counterpart and current Prime Minister Narendra Modi.","PeriodicalId":253059,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125074950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immigration and Democracy in Japan 日本的移民与民主

The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050993.013.26

Michael Strausz

{"title":"Immigration and Democracy in Japan","authors":"Michael Strausz","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050993.013.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050993.013.26","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the politics of immigration in Japan. It begins with an overview of the foreign community in Japan today in comparative perspective, focusing on several competing explanations for why Japan is such an outlier when compared with other advanced industrialized countries. It also examines the new visa categories that were formalized by the 1989 and 2018 revisions to the Immigration Control and Refugee Recognition Act, including visas for those with Japanese ancestry and “trainees” (in the case of the 1989 revision), and visas for laborers who had previously been excluded, including agricultural workers and construction workers (in the case of the 2018 revision). Additionally, this chapter discusses Japan’s famously restrictive refugee admission policy as well as the relationship between public opinion, civil society, and immigration policy in Japan. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the ways that Japan’s immigration policy and policymaking might impact the future of Japan’s democracy. Ultimately, the chapter argues that the way that Japan deals with both the admission and treatment of foreign laborers will help shape the nature of Japan’s democracy going forward.","PeriodicalId":253059,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124346861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Japan-EU Relations 要谈关系

The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050993.013.44

Marie Söderberg

{"title":"Japan-EU Relations","authors":"Marie Söderberg","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050993.013.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050993.013.44","url":null,"abstract":"Japan and the European Union have recently made several agreements aiming to deepen their cooperation. An example of this is the “Partnership on Sustainable Connectivity and Quality Infrastructure between the European Union and Japan,” by which both EU and Japan agreed to “promote free, open, rules-based, fair, non-discriminatory and predictable regional and international trade and investment, transparent procurement practices, the ensuring of debt sustainability and the high standards of economic, fiscal, financial, social and environmental sustainability.” This is just the latest part in an effort by both to revive multilateral cooperation in the face of US withdrawal from international agreements and the rise of a more assertive China. Japan and EUs Strategic Partnership Agreement provides a legally binding framework for further cooperation in the field of politics, security, and development. Underpinning it are shared values and principles of democracy, the rule of law, human rights, and fundamental freedoms. For the protection of democracy and the liberal world order, Japan and the EU seem like ideal partners. The question is whether ongoing shifts in the power balance, geopolitics, crises of liberalism, domestic politics, and legal and technological changes will lead to broader and deeper cooperation. This chapter provides a historical background to Japan-European relations from WWII until today. The relation started with a heavy emphasis on trade and business. It is only recently that the two have broadened their cooperation and now stand up as two of the strongest defenders of a liberal rule-based world order.","PeriodicalId":253059,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126837137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Farm Lobby and Agricultural Policy in Japan 日本的农业游说团体和农业政策

The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050993.013.22

P. Maclachlan, K. Shimizu

引用次数: 0

Japan and the Environment 日本与环境

The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics Pub Date : 2021-02-10 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050993.013.33

Kim D. Reimann

{"title":"Japan and the Environment","authors":"Kim D. Reimann","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050993.013.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050993.013.33","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the evolution of environmental politics in Japan over the postwar period and identifies the main factors and actors shaping environmental policy. The literature on Japanese environmental politics has shifted its focus over time from domestic to global environmental issues, mirroring transformations in Japan’s political economy and international status. After successfully confronting the domestic problem of severe pollution in the 1970s and early 1980s, Japan became one of the world’s largest donors of environmental foreign aid, starting in the early 1990s and continuing today. Throughout all periods, there have been continuities as well as changes. In terms of representation and democracy, the Japanese state has consistently prioritized concerns of business and local governments in the policymaking process. In addition to having greater voice, these constituencies have also benefited materially from policies through their access to various green funds. In contrast, NGOs and citizens have tended to be left out of policy discussions and have exercised voice largely through protest and critiques of government policies. The chapter ends by examining the case of climate change to explore these patterns in more recent years.","PeriodicalId":253059,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128370066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Civil Society in Japan 日本的公民社会

The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics Pub Date : 2021-01-13 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190050993.013.17

A. Ogawa

引用次数: 0

Local Government in Japan 日本地方政府

The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics Pub Date : 2020-09-02 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190050993.013.16

K. Hijino

{"title":"Local Government in Japan","authors":"K. Hijino","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190050993.013.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190050993.013.16","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the complex dynamics and role of local government in Japan’s democracy, three related questions need to be addressed. First, how much capacity and autonomy do local governments have to act? Second, what impact does local government have on national-level elections and policies? And finally, how responsive and accountable are local governments to residents? This chapter will seek to address these questions by first laying out the institutional framework of Japan’s local government system, including its recent decentralization reforms. In the second section, it illustrates how these institutional features combine with underlying socioeconomic conditions to shape local representation and intergovernmental relations. In the third section, it briefly considers two interlinked and key challenges facing local government: combatting depopulation and improving representation. The chapter finds that Japanese local government is significant in scale and indispensable to the administration of the Japanese state; decentralization reforms have further expanded local responsibilities while minimizing interventions from the central government; local governments continue to have a significant impact on the national arena, both electorally and policy-wise; local policy innovations in a wide range of areas have been co-opted nationally, while local lobbying and opposition pressures have induced central governments to respond to local interests; aside from some exceptional periods and limited regions, local government representation has not been driven by partisan or programmatic competition; and, more recently, local voters are demanding more of their representatives who have lost their clientelist role as communities face increasingly competitive environments, fiscal constraints, and pressures to innovate.","PeriodicalId":253059,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132472163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cybersecurity in Japan 日本的网络安全

The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Politics Pub Date : 2020-09-02 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190050993.013.39

Benjamin Bartlett

引用次数: 0