Indian Journal of Behavioural Sciences最新文献

{"title":"A Case Report of Conversion Catatonia","authors":"Shailja Singh, Nayab Anjum, Zeba Khan, M. Reyazuddin","doi":"10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Catatonia is characterized by marked psychomotor disturbance and was first described by Karl Ludwig Kaulbaum in 1874.1 Later, it was evaluated as a subtype of schizophrenia. After the 1960s, it was revealed that other conditions can also cause catatonia.2 Gelenberg (1976) said there could be more than 40 cases that could cause catatonia and many new ones have emerged since then.3 Previous data suggest that catatonia is more common in mood disorders than in schizophrenia. The other causes of catatonia can be due to medical causes like endocrine disorders, infections, electrolyte imbalance, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury. An excessive dosage of drugs or substances like cocaine, ecstasy, disulfiram, and levetiracetam can also result in catatonia.4,5","PeriodicalId":253024,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Behavioural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134438755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonencephalopathic Psychiatric Manifestations (NEPM) and Response to Niacin in Pellagra: A Scoping Review","authors":"R. Sutar, Devendra S. Basera, Ashish Pakhre, Pooja Chaudhary, A. Lahiri","doi":"10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.08","url":null,"abstract":"Psychiatric manifestations of pellagra could be subtle but important to recognize in clinical practice. These may vary from non-syndromic symptoms of anxiety, depression, and psychosis to pellagrous encephalopathy. The course and outcome of pellagra’s non-encephalopathic psychiatric manifestations (NEPM) are variable and have not received much attention. Therefore, a review in this regard is deemed necessary to understand the evolution of psychiatric symptoms and possible neurochemical changes produced in pellagra. A focused scoping review of the literature using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses- extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines was carried out to chart the results of studies to find out the characteristic nature of NEPM, role of niacin, and underlying etiopathogenesis. The review included 12 studies comprising 271 participants. Depressive and insomnia symptoms were the most frequent manifestations of NEPM followed by anxiety, thought disorder, psychomotor agitation, hallucinations, confusion, and disorientation. Alcohol use remains the most common cause of NEPM in pellagra, followed by nutritional deficiency. The alteration in the kynurenine pathway is a probable mechanism implicated in the NEPM of pellagra and future research should explore the role of niacin replacement in such patients. The findings of the review incite further discussion and research on biomarkers for patients with pellagra and subtype of patients with depression who share a common immune-inflammatory pathway.","PeriodicalId":253024,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Behavioural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128946687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Exchange: Bidirectional Flux of Medical Personnel to Ensure Equitable Distribution of Resources between Developed and Developing Countries","authors":"Ganesh Shanker, Sankalp Dixit, A. Tripathi, Anurag Senger, G. Saha, O. Singh, Tarun Yadav","doi":"10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.10","url":null,"abstract":"This article is intended to address the plummeting numbers of trained medical personnel in developing countries due to exodus to developed lands often termed as ‘brain drain’ and to put forth ideas and suggestions that turn this brain drain into ‘brain exchange’ thereby benefiting both the donor and the recipient countries. A few suggestions presented here may help in creating an equilibrium of such efflux and influx of such medical personnel, thus completing the so-called ‘brain circulation.","PeriodicalId":253024,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Behavioural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114588495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is it the Time to take a Re-look at the Telepsychiatry Operational Guidelines- 2020?","authors":"Arghya Pal","doi":"10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.09","url":null,"abstract":"Our reliance on tele-health services has increased considerably over the last couple of years since the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. It has changed the landscape of psychiatric practice considerably. The telepsychiatry operational guidelines were published by a collaboration of leading governing bodies to provide explicit structured guideline regarding the same. However, the experience of using this guideline over the last 2 years has brought forth a few limitations which have been highlighted in the current manuscript. Recommendations based on the review have also been provided.","PeriodicalId":253024,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Behavioural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116653652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Irritable Bowel syndrome and Psychiatric Comorbidities: A narrative review","authors":"Ankita Saroj, A. Tripathi, S. Rungta","doi":"10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.06","url":null,"abstract":"Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most commonly diagnosed illness by gastroenterologists. These symptoms occur widely in the general population at all ages and in both sexes. The condition is a considerable health-care burden, accounting for approximately half of all referrals to gastrointestinal clinics. The prevalence of IBS varies according on geographic region, demographic, and diagnostic criteria employed. IBS pathogenesis is complicated and poorly understood. Gut microbiota, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), visceral hypersensitivity, disruption of the gut-brain axis, psychosocial distress, and altered GI motility all are proposed as potential risk factors. Inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with considerable psychosocial comorbidities, which have an impact on patient quality of life, disease progression, and health-care expenditures. The present article reviews the latest evidence on the aetiology IBS, with a focus on psychiatric comorbidities and available management available.","PeriodicalId":253024,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Behavioural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128405267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacomicrobiomics: Another Contributor of Inter-Individual Variations To Drug Response","authors":"A. Tripathi","doi":"10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.01","url":null,"abstract":"Gut-brain axis is now a commonly discussed concept in a variety of clinical contexts including its well-known importance in neuropsychiatric disorders. Gut microbiota is a diverse population of microorganisms containing bacteria, yeast, protozoa, parasite, helminth, viruses, etc.","PeriodicalId":253024,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Behavioural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123395721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-demographic and Clinical Profile of Suicide Attempters attending a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"V. Gupta, A. Akanksha, S. A. Azmi, M. Reyazuddin, Rehan Mateen","doi":"10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.03","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Suicide attempts are one of the most common psychiatric crises. Suicide attempts are thought to be the most accurate determinants of completed suicide. A variety of circumstances causes suicide attempts. Although mental illness and extreme stress have long been linked to suicide, the socio-demographic and clinical features of those who attempt suicide can also reveal suicidal intent.OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to explore the socio-demographic factors and the clinical profile of suicide attempters.METHOD: The present study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. Suicide attempters referred for psychiatric evaluation from various hospital departments from December 2018 to November 2019 were evaluated after proper stabilization. Details including socio-demographic data and psychiatric diagnosis were tabulated and analyzed using SPSS-16.RESULT: In our study, out of 80 subjects, maximum suicide attempters (71.2%) belonged to the age group of 18-30 years, most of whom were females (51.2%), mostly married (65%), followed the Hindu religion (66.3%), equally distributed in a rural and urban area (50%), literate (76.2%), unemployed (56.2%), of the lower middle class (48.8%), living in a nuclear family (46.2%). Of all the methods, the most commonly used method was ingestion of insecticides/ pesticides (38.7%), and most attempters had interpersonal issues with their spouse (38.8%) and had some psychiatric comorbidity (56.3%).CONCLUSION: Suicide attempts are common among the young population. Poisoning is the most popular mode, with Organophosphorus compounds being the most common in our study. As a result, patients require psychiatric care. Self-harm can be reduced by promoting healthy coping strategies and reducing stress. In a nation like India, where established mental health facilities are rare and stigmatized, it is also essential to convey enough information to people from lower socio-economic backgrounds.","PeriodicalId":253024,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Behavioural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134309993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder using Picture Exchange Communication System - A Pilot Study","authors":"Preethy Susan Reni, Kadayam S. Kalyani, Aishwarya Nagarajan, Khaarthigha Senthilnathan","doi":"10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the study was to empirically assess the efficacy of Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) in 5 children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study was also intended to report parental feedback on using PECS with their children.Method: Purposive convenient sampling was used for this quasi-experimental study. Five nonverbal children who were diagnosed with mild to moderate autism spectrum disorder with a median age of 4.1 years were selected for the study. All the five participants who exhibited limited or no functional communication skills were recruited for the study. Exclusion criteria included presence of any syndrome or any significant medical conditions such as seizures. The pre-assessment and the post assessments after 24 sessions of PECS training were done using selected communicative function domains. Post therapy parental feedback was obtained concerning five categories which are communication intent, attention, behavioural issues, vocalization and ease of communication. Also frequency of initiation as observed in home settings was obtained by interview method.Results: Current study shows that all the children were able to use PECS spontaneously and independently without any physical prompts. Children were able to generalize PECS at home with ease and were able to initiate communication on their own using the pictures. The mothers of the children reported that they observed a drastic subsidence in children’s challenging behaviours and also improvement in their attention span. The findings from our study showed that PECS training is effective in improving the socio-communication skills in children with ASD who had restricted communication. On analysing the report, mothers stated that they were able to easily incorporate PECS at home with their child as it implements the use of actual pictures for communicative exchange. As PECS training paves the way for expression of the child’s needs, there was also a significant reduction in the children’s behavioural problems such as tantrums and other self-injurious behaviours.Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that PECS training is effective in improving various communicative temptations in socio-communication skills in children with ASD who have restricted communication. It was also noted that obtaining parental feedback periodically would help in generalization and it encourages the parents’ involvement in the child’s learning process.","PeriodicalId":253024,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Behavioural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127201320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Stress and its Associated Stressors Among Undergraduate Dental Students: A Questionnaire-based Study","authors":"K. Madhavan, Nivethitha Karuppiah, Rajeswari ., P. Karthick, Saravanan Saravanan","doi":"10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the stress and its associated stressors or stress factors among dental undergraduate students.Background: Stress is a subjective feeling that acts as a barrier to preventing his/her goal. Stress occurs in everyone’s life in every aspect of life due to enormous reasons, and so dental students are cited for facing various amounts of stress throughout their academics due to several reasons.Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students (including interns) in a self-financing dental college in Tiruvallur, India. A google survey was conducted to collect data regarding academic sessions, environmental issues, and profiles of socio-demographics.Results: Out of 500 dental undergraduates participating in the study, nearly 332(66%) students are stressed. Nearly two third of students have reported being stressed is a large number. The study has also found that students from the internship are under more stress while studying in college, possibly due to work pressure or fears of their future after graduation.Conclusion: Sociodemographic profile, academic matters (performance of the study, curriculum, and frequency of tests), stress predictors, and physical stressors such as physical problems, high expectations of parents, and family issues are revealed as reasons in this dental curriculum. Management programs in dental colleges should be developed to improve students’ psychological support and promote better psychological health and coping.","PeriodicalId":253024,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Behavioural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131373095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravenous Ketamine-induced Affective Switch in a Patient of Major Depressive Disorder with Suicidal Ideation: A Case Report","authors":"Akanksha Varshney, Shravan Kumar, V. Gupta, Rehan Mateen, S. Azmi","doi":"10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55229/ijbs.v25i2.14","url":null,"abstract":"In treatment-resistant unipolar and bipolar depression, there is increasing evidence to support the fast, although the short-lived antidepressant effect of ketamine, a non-competitive glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist. Ketamine has been shown to cause transient mood elevation or euphoria, dissociative symptoms and psychotomimetic effects when administered in unipolar or bipolar depression. Still, it has not been shown to cause an affective switch resulting in persistent hypomania/mania or a manic-like state. We report the case of a 47-year-old man who developed a switch to mania while receiving a sub-anaesthetic dosage of ketamine intravenously for his third episode of recurrent, non-psychotic severe major depression with suicidal ideation. This case indicates that a polarity switch should be acknowledged as a possible side effect when using ketamine for depression.","PeriodicalId":253024,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Behavioural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126345354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}