{"title":"The Origin of Monumental Architecture in Egypt","authors":"Henri Frankfort","doi":"10.1086/370617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370617","url":null,"abstract":"Interchange of ideas between individuals, it is generally admitted, stimulates mental activity. But that intercourse between communities has the same effect is not so readily granted. In fact, any suggestion of foreign influence upon a community is likely to be regarded as derogatory to the group. It is forgotten that the \"cultural potential\"' of the group is one of the most important elements in the process and that there is an immense difference between mechanical copying, on the one hand, and, on the other, creative borrowing in which a stimulus from outside unchains indigenous inventiveness. The origin of monumental architecture in Egypt is a case in point. Suddenly, with the First Egyptian Dynasty, we find throughout the country buildings of sun-dried brick, ornamented with elaborate recesses. This type of architecture did not survive the Fourth Dynasty, but its derivations, translated into stone or paint, are found at all periods in the \"false doors\" of the tombs and in the traditional frame","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128198767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Oriental Institute Archeological Report on the near East, 1941","authors":"G. Hughes, Joseph P. Free, W. Dubberstein","doi":"10.1086/370622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370622","url":null,"abstract":"Abusir (in the Delta). Department of Antiquities Excavations and restorations begun in 1937 (AJSL, LV, No. 4 [October, 1938], 426) on the ancient sites of Plinthin6 and Taposiris, 40 kilometers west of Alexandria, were continued in 1940. The great tower, octagonal at the bottom and cylindrical at the top, has been completely restored from near ruin. The stairway in the octagon and the spiral staircase in the top are now rebuilt and show the means of access to the summit. Once thought to be a funerary monument, the tower seems clearly to have been a lighthouse. It is the only building of its kind extant in Egypt and may indicate what the great Pharos of Alexandria was like. The cemetery around it has proven on excavation to be of earlier date than the tower. The excavation of the so-called \"Temple of Osiris\" was also continued. The building now appears to have been something like a convent with small cells about a central chapel. Pottery found under the floor of one cell points to a date at the earliest Hellenistic for the founding of the building. From a Department of Antiquities release.","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121320308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Story of Jericho: Further Light on the Biblical Narrative","authors":"J. Garstang","doi":"10.1086/370619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370619","url":null,"abstract":"(1941). The Story of Jericho: Further Light on the Biblical Narrative. Palestine Exploration Quarterly: Vol. 73, No. 4, pp. 168-171.","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129937355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hurrian Consonantal Pattern","authors":"Pierre M. Purves","doi":"10.1086/370621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370621","url":null,"abstract":"CBS University Museum, University of Pennsylvania. Unpublished Nippur tablets collated by A. T. Clay and cited by him in PNCP. Ch.B. Chagar Bazar; applies also to names from that locality compiled by C. J. Gadd in Iraq, VII (1940), 35-42. HSS \"Harvard Semitic Series.\" Mari Hurrian tablets published by F. Thureau-Dangin in RA, XXXVI (1939),1-28. NDA Moshe Berkooz, The Nuzi Dialect of Akkadian: Orthography and Phonology (\"Language Dissertations,\" No. 23 [Philadelphia: Linguistic Society of America, 1937]). PNCP A. T. Clay, Personal Names from Cuneiform Inscriptions of the Cassite Period (\"Yale Oriental Series,\" Researches, Vol. I [New Haven, Conn., 1912]). RS Tablets found at Ugarit (Ras Shamra). RS 1-48 published by Charles Virolleaud in Syria, Vol. X (1929), Pls. LXI-LXXV, after p. 308; RS 49, Syria, XV (1934), 153; RS 50, Syria, XII (1931), 389; RS 372, Syria, XX (1939), 125-29.","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125729570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Old Aramaic Alphabet at Tell Halaf the Date of the \"Altar\" Inscription","authors":"R. Bowman","doi":"10.1086/370618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370618","url":null,"abstract":"In 1931 Baron von Oppenheim, reporting on his excavation at Tell Halaf, wrote: \"In der Kaparaschicht fanden wir ein kleines Kalksteinaltairchen mit einigen wenigen, leider nicht entzifferbaren altsemitischen Schriftzeichen.\"' No further stratigraphic detail has been released on this piece which, therefore, must be discussed apart from any exact archeological context. Meissner, from the character of the cuneiform signs, peculiarities of language, and the point of view expressed in the short cuneiform inscriptions of Kapara, feels that a date in the twelfth century B.c. is fitting for the Kapara stratum.2 Von Oppenheim insists that the date of the small finds of the stratum and the views of B. Landsberger with regard to the earliest possible presence of Aramaeans in Mesopotamia also support the twelfth century B.C. date.3 The twelfth-century date has been widely accepted4 but not without considerable opposition.5 The publication of the Kapara Aramaic inscription, long awaited, has finally appeared as the work of Johannes Friedrich.6 A hand copy of the inscription is given (Fig. 1) but, unfortunately, no photograph. Friedrich transliterates it as `rlt 1 \"T [(x)x]by2 I r)\"IT but, with re1 M. F. von Oppenheim, Der Tell Halaf (Leipzig, 1931), p. 65; cf. English translation by G. Wheeler, p. 70. The expanded French edition, which I understand is in preparation, is not available. 2 B. Meissner, apud von Oppenheim, op. cit., p. 266 (English ed., p. 316). S. Langdon, Oxford Magazine, June 15, 1933, p. 812, on the basis of the cuneiform signs, dated the Kapara inscriptions to the tenth century B.c. There can be no certainty in dating based on cuneiform script alone.","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123699114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review:The Prophets and Their Times J. M. Powis Smith, William A. Irwin","authors":"T. J. Meek","doi":"10.1086/370623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370623","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116401886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Darius and His Egyptian Campaign","authors":"R. A. Parker","doi":"10.1086/370620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370620","url":null,"abstract":"The verso of the so-called \"Demotic Chronicle\" contains, among others, the well-known statement of the codification of Egyptian law under Darius. Following the translation of Spiegelberg, later writers have consistently given year 3 as the one in which Darius sent to his satrap in Egypt, ordering the compilation of the laws.' Actually, the year number is 4, as was recognized by Spiegelberg himself in his glossary, although he failed to correct the translation.2 It was in 518 B.C., therefore, that Darius sent the command to his satrap.3 According to the Behistun inscription (? 21), Egypt revolted while Darius was fighting Nebuchadnezzar III, but no campaign against it is recounted.4 Herodotus tells us that Aryandes, the satrap whom Cambyses had appointed, was executed for assuming the royal prerogative of coining money, though Darius charged him only with rebellion.5 Whether it was the coinage of money, the ill-fated expedition against Barce, or other events unknown to us, the fact that Egypt was considered a rebel, and that Aryandes was put to death as one, suggests that Darius, a young, vigorous, and energetic king, took care of Egypt at his earliest opportunity. Furthermore, one may conjecture that the use of his satrap in the passage referred to above means a man a'ppointed-or, at least, confirmed in office-by Darius. This could not have been true of Aryandes.6 Nor does it seem likely that","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114667832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Origin of the Name \"Hebrews\"","authors":"E. G. Kraeling","doi":"10.1086/370608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370608","url":null,"abstract":"creasingly clear that the word is not ethnic but rather has something to do with the sphere of social legislation.2 The vexing problem of the correct transliteration of the cuneiform word lJa-BI-ru3 as UIabiru or Ijapiru, and the identity of the Semitic root (whether '2lM,4 111, ?1=2, '17) seems now to have been decided by the Ras Shamra texts. Virolleaud announced on June 30, 1939, that these texts proved","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129174203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Aramaic Journal Page","authors":"R. Bowman","doi":"10.1086/370612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370612","url":null,"abstract":"At the request of Richard A. Parker, who has reconstructed and dated a page of papyrus from several fragments of a series which Aim6-Giron had already suggested must somehow belong together as a journal of the Memphis arsenal,' I have prepared this reading of the reconstructed text (Pls. IV-V). These badly damaged fragments of text are somewhat unique in having their most legible readings in the date formulas which epigraphers from experience usually expect to find most difficult. Aside from the date lines, the text is in very poor condition. Portions are so mutilated that only isolated letters or even traces of letters are discernible, and gaping holes make it almost impossible to gain an intelligible context. Under such circumstances it is difficult to improve on the usual careful work of Aim6-Giron and almost impossible to glean more than he has from them. However, the demonstration that the pieces can be read when the fragments are put together as Parker has done it, by matching lines and by joining the legible date formulas, can be regarded as a contribution in advance of what Aim6-Giron has done. Then, too, my independent readings of the photographs of these fragments sometimes differ from those already proposed. Often, it is true, these differences depend upon an alternative interpretation of very mutilated letters, but these readings might throw light on some of the more legible sections of text and, if sound, might affect Aramaic lexicography. TEXT2","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131376365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Book Review:Al-Ibanah an Usul ad-Diyanah Walter C. Klein","authors":"L. Thomas","doi":"10.1086/370615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/370615","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":252942,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1941-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130552293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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