Proceedings of 1st Electronic Conference on Universe最新文献

{"title":"Dark atom solution for the puzzles of direct dark matter search","authors":"T. Bikbaev, M. Khlopov, A. Mayorov","doi":"10.3390/ecu2021-09263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecu2021-09263","url":null,"abstract":": The puzzle of direct dark matter searches can b solved in the model of an O He dark atom, which consists of a stable O −− lepton core and a nuclear interacting (alpha particle) shell of a primordial helium nuclei. In this model, positive results of the DAMA group can be explained by annual modulation of radiative capture of O He atoms to low-energy bound states with sodium nuclei, which does not take place under the conditions of other underground experiments. The existence of such a low-energy bound state is the key problem of the O He model of composite dark matter. The complexity of this problem, which has not found a correct solution during the last 15 years, requires a consistent approach to its solution. Within the framework of the proposed approach to such modeling, in order to reveal the essence of the processes of interaction of O He with the nuclei of baryonic matter, a classical model is used, to which the effects of quantum physics and final size of nuclei are successively added. The numerical model of the interaction of the “dark” O He atom with the nuclei is developed by successive addition of realistic features of a quantum-mechanical description to the initial classical problem of three point-like bodies ( O −− particle, the He nucleus and the target nucleus). The developed approach leads to a numerical model describing the O He-nucleus system with self-consistent accounting for nuclear attraction and electromagnetic interaction of dark atom with nuclei. The model can prove the interpretation of the results of the direct underground experimental dark matter search in the terms of the dark atom hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":252710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Electronic Conference on Universe","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128573493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Models of Gauss-Bonnet gravity leading to cosmological attractors predictions","authors":"E. Pozdeeva","doi":"10.3390/ecu2021-09294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecu2021-09294","url":null,"abstract":"Earlier we constructed a model with exponential form potential and of Gauss–Bonnet interaction. This model can be considered as an appropriate inflationary scenario. In this model, the attractor inflationary parameters correspond to ones from the cosmological attractor model in leading order approximation in an inverse e-folding number. We study how many orders of inverse e-folding numbers are included in the spectral index in exponential inflationary scenario in the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity.","PeriodicalId":252710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Electronic Conference on Universe","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124611652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phasor wheels for quantitative learning of quantum physics","authors":"Rahul Choudhary, D. Blair","doi":"10.3390/ecu2021-09314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecu2021-09314","url":null,"abstract":": There is wide recognition of the immense applications of the concepts of quantum physics in modern technologies such as solar panels, mobile phones, global positioning systems, and medical physics which is promoting the need for the introduction of these concepts at an early age. To make the concepts of quantum physics accessible to students of middle school and above, the Ein-stein-First project has developed tangible and tactile tools in the form of models and analogies. Until now in this project, we presented the concepts of quantum interference as a modern observational fact. To give a more comprehensive understanding of these concepts, we present a graphical approach for exploring basic quantum mechanical phenomena such as matter-wave interference, diffraction, and reflection based on Feynman’s method of summation of all possible paths (path integrals). We developed tactile tools called phasor wheels which can be used to perform vector summation and obtain the probability amplitude of photons. Supported by videos of single-photon interference and matter-wave interference (such as phthalocyanine molecules), students obtain insights into the quantum world in which observations represent the quantum probability amplitudes. Results from trial programs on high school students (14-15 years old) showed the possibility of teaching these concepts.","PeriodicalId":252710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Electronic Conference on Universe","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123648410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflation, primordial black holes and induced gravitational waves from modified supergravity","authors":"S. Ketov","doi":"10.3390/ecu2021-09268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecu2021-09268","url":null,"abstract":"Modified (Starobinsky type) supergravity is used for a viable (unified) description of cosmological inflation and formation of primordial black holes and dark matter in the early Universe. A specific class of models is proposed and investigated in detail. Their observational predictions for primordial black hole masses, dark matter and induced gravitational waves are derived and compared to the current and future astrophysical and cosmological observations. Our approach naturally leads to the two-scalar-field attractor-type double inflation, whose first stage is driven by Starobinsky scalaron and whose second stage is driven by another scalar field which belongs to a supergravity multiplet. The scalar potential and the kinetic terms are derived, the vacua are studied, and the inflationary dynamics of those two scalars is investigated. We numerically compute the power spectra and find the ultra-slow-roll regime leading to an enhancement (peak) in the scalar power spectrum. This leads to an efficient formation of primordial black holes. We estimate their masses and find their density fraction as part of dark matter. We show that our modified supergravity models are in agreement with inflationary observables, while they predict the primordial black holes masses in the range between 10^16 g and 10^20 g. In this sense, modified supergravity provides a natural top-down approach for explaining and unifying the origin of inflation and the dark matter in the form of primordial black holes.","PeriodicalId":252710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Electronic Conference on Universe","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128742411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particle Physics at Primary Schools: a report on the Italian project","authors":"Andrea Quadri, Sandra Malvezzi","doi":"10.3390/ecu2021-09284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecu2021-09284","url":null,"abstract":"We report on our current and past activities on the development of a training and teaching program for primary schools devoted to theStandard Model of Particle Physics. The project has been held in several schools in Bergamo area (northern Italy), based on theoriginal Particle Physics for Primary Schools format proposed by C.Lazzeroni at the University of Birmingham (UK) (2017-present).The program is fostered by a joint collaboration between INFN - Milano Bicocca, the primary school IC Carvico and the University of Birmingham.The outcomes suggest that a wide interest exists both in teachers and in students and their families about cutting-edge science.Being passionate about science can be an inspiring attitude for young people and children, especially when they will choose their future academicand professional path. The program also aims at removing the gender bias and some deeply rooted common misbeliefs about science.The importance of a prospective stable institutional mechanism to train teachers on the latest results in science as well as of anenduring cooperation on pedagogical transposition of science achievements is emphasized. We also mention several possible directions in order to further expand our current activities by stressing the links with specific skills and competences that match the curriculum in both primary and secondary schools.","PeriodicalId":252710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Electronic Conference on Universe","volume":"248 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117213776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bianchi Type I cosmological model in f(R,T) gravity","authors":"R. K. Tiwari, A. Beesham, S. Mishra, V. Dubey","doi":"10.3390/ecu2021-09290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecu2021-09290","url":null,"abstract":"Although the present universe is believed to be homogeneous and isotropic on large scales, there is some evidence of some anisotropy at early times. Hence, there is interest in the Bianchi models, which are homogeneous but anisotropic. In this presentation, the Bianchi type–I space-time in the framework of the f(R,T) modified theory of gravity has been investigated for the specific choice of f(R,T) = R + 2f(T), where f(T) = −mT, m = constant. The solution of the modified gravity field equations has been generated by assuming that the deceleration parameter q is a function of the Hubble parameter H, i.e., q = b − n/H (where b and n are constants, and n > 0), which yields the scale factor a = k[exp(nt) − 1]1/(1+b) (where k is a constant). The model exhibits deceleration at early times, and is currently accelerating. It is also seen that the model approaches isotropy at late times. Expressions for the Hubble parameter in terms of red-shift, luminosity distance, and state-finder parameter are derived and their significance is described in detail. The physical properties of the cosmological model are also discussed. An interesting feature of the model is that it has a dynamic cosmological parameter, which is large during the early universe, decreases with time, and approaches a constant at late times. This may help in solving the cosmological constant problem.","PeriodicalId":252710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Electronic Conference on Universe","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128520980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflecting on design principles in the context of virtual reality learning experiences in astronomy and science education","authors":"M. Kersting, Jackie Bondell, Rolf Steier","doi":"10.3390/ecu2021-09264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecu2021-09264","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual reality (VR) technologies have the potential to profoundly transform learning activities in astronomy and science through new forms of perceptual engagement and bodily participation. Since advancements in technology and education drive change in each other, researchers have started to explore opportunities and challenges of using VR in (in)formal learning environments. While research on VR from technology perspectives is extensive, there are relatively few attempts to explore learning-oriented design considerations with VR tools. \u0000This study is grounded in the education and public-outreach program of the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery (OzGrav). The OzGrav-team is an interdisciplinary team of science educators, VR developers, digital artists and astrophysicists that have developed VR outreach programs and school incursions in astronomy. \u0000The goal of this study is to identify the experiential affordances of VR in informal learning contexts and to reflect on potential design principles for VR learning experiences in astronomy and science. To articulate issues related to design and learning with VR from multiple perspectives, we unpack critical design decisions of the OzGrav VR learning resources in the form of a dialogue between VR-practitioners and educational researchers. The dialogue draws on primary data from focus-group-interviews with the OzGrav-team. We supplement the dialogue with audio-visual material of a VR experience about the virtual universe. Our findings centre on aspects of \u0000 \u0000collaboration and social interaction in VR-learning, \u0000negotiating roles while being an observer/participant in the VR-experience, \u0000embodiment in an immersive VR environment, \u0000finding a balance between visual richness and accessibility of VR-experiences, \u0000limitations of what VR environments can visualize. \u0000 \u0000As the use of VR learning environments gains momentums, our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the new learning contexts that VR technology can create in astronomy and modern science education.","PeriodicalId":252710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Electronic Conference on Universe","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132207891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermion masses and mixing within a SU(3) family symmetry model with five sterile neutrinos","authors":"A. H. Galeana","doi":"10.3390/ecu2021-09266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecu2021-09266","url":null,"abstract":"Within a broken local vector-like SU(3) family symmetry, we address the problem of quark masses and mixing in a framework with five sterile neutrinos. \u0000Heavy fermions, top and bottom quarks and tau lepton become massive at tree level from See-saw mechanisms implemented by the introduction of a new set of SU(2)_L weak singlets vector-like fermions U,D,E,N, with N a neutral lepton. The fermion content also include three right handed neutrinos introduced to cancel anomalies. Therefore, in this scenario light quarks and leptons, including active neutrinos and a light O(eV) sterile neutrino, become massive from radiative loop corrections mediated by the massive SU(3) gauge bosons. \u0000We provide a parameter space region where this framework can accommodate the known hierarchical spectrum of quark masses and mixing, the charged lepton masses and simultaneously suppress properly the current experimental constraints on Ko − bar{Ko} and Do − bar{Do} meson mixing. \u0000We also report the non-unitary, (VCKM)_{4×4} and (UPMNS)_{4×8}, quark and lepton mixing matrices. \u0000In addition, we find out that the mass of the SU(2)_L weak singlet vector-like D quark introduced in this scenario may lie within a few TeV's region, and hence within current LHC possibilities.","PeriodicalId":252710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Electronic Conference on Universe","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129098098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive applications to teach the Einstein's Energy-Momentum-Mass relation in the secondary school.","authors":"L. Galante","doi":"10.3390/ecu2021-09324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ecu2021-09324","url":null,"abstract":"Two Geogebra-based interactive applications to teach the Special Relativity Energy-Mass-Momentum relation are presented. They are useful tools to visualise from a geometrical perspective the mathematical relation, thus helping students facing calculus difficulties to understand the beauty of this equation. They also give students the opportunity to carry out explorations and come to conclusions. They allow us to inquire the meaning of the p/E ratio for particles with different masses and energies, to discover that a system with a given finite mass and increasing energy travels at a speed approaching a finite value. Even the relativistic meaning of the mass of a system of particles can be addressed with these applications. Students can discover that the relativistic mass is different from the mere sum of the masses of the system, that is always greater than or equal to the sum of the masses, that it depends on the momenta directions, that is equal to the sum of the masses if all the particles of the system are at rest. Since these concepts are crucial for the understanding of how particles are discovered in Particle Physics, the two applications open the way to introduce students to the main aspect of modern research in Nuclear and Accelerators Physics.","PeriodicalId":252710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Electronic Conference on Universe","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129810466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Spacetime Duality and Bounce Cosmology of a Dual Universe","authors":"Mohammed B. Al-Fadhli","doi":"10.20944/preprints202005.0250.v6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202005.0250.v6","url":null,"abstract":"The recent Planck Legacy release confirmed the existence of an enhanced lensing amplitude in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectra, which endorses the positive curvature of the early Universe with a confidence level exceeding 99%. In this study, the pre-existing curvature is incorporated to extend the field equations where the derived wave function of the Universe is utilized to model Universe evolution with reference to the scale factor of the early Universe and its radius of curvature upon the emission of the CMB. The wave function reveals both positive and negative solutions, implying that matter and antimatter of early Universe plasma evolve in opposite directions as distinct Universe sides. The wave function indicates that a nascent hyperbolic expansion is followed by a first phase of decelerating expansion away from early plasma during the first 10 Gyr, and then, a second phase of accelerating expansion in reverse directions, whereby both Universe sides free-fall towards each other under gravitational acceleration. Simulations of the predicted conformal curvature evolution demonstrate the fast orbital speed of outer stars owing to the external fields exerted on galaxies as they travel through conformally curved space-time. Finally, the wave function predicts an eventual time-reversal phase comprising rapid spatial contraction that culminates in a Big Crunch, signalling a cyclic Universe. These findings reveal that early plasma could have separated and evolved into distinct sides that collectively and geometrically influencing the Universe evolution, physically explanting the effects attributed to dark matter and energy.","PeriodicalId":252710,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 1st Electronic Conference on Universe","volume":"389 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116645109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}