Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Export of medicinal and aromatic plant materials from Nepal","authors":"S. K. Ghimire, B. Awasthi, Santhosh Rana, Hum Kala Rana, Rameshwar Bhattarai, D. Pyakurel","doi":"10.3126/BOTOR.V10I0.21020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/BOTOR.V10I0.21020","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) have been identified as one of the potential high value commodities in Nepal with huge prospects for economic development. However, data about MAP consumption, volumes of trade and levels of demand are inadequate. In Nepal, there is a general lack of reliable trade data that constrains the estimation of total amount of MAPs in trade. This study aims to assess current trends in volume and value of MAP commodities exported from Nepal and identify the major destination countries. We mainly used formal trade data of Nepalese MAP products over the last 10 years (2005 to 2014) from the repository of UN COMTRADE database accessed via TRADE MAP. Results indicated that the export value of MAP products increased from USD 27.49 million in 2005 to USD 60.09 million in 2014 (mean for the last 10 years being USD 39.34 million) and this increment is primarily due to increase in price, as the trade volume follows decreasing trend over the same periods. The average annual export amount of Nepalese MAP products for the last 10 years has been calculated to be 13.23 thousand tons (range 10.77–20.25 thousand tons). The rise in export value of MAP products indicates increasing demand of MAPs globally. Nepalese MAP commodities were exported to almost 50 destinations. In terms of volume, India has been the major importer of MAP materials all these years. However, China stood top among the countries sharing high value to Nepalese MAP trade. The trade statistics show that, for the total trade value considering the MAP materials at broad category, the export of products (e.g., spices and flavors) other than listed in HS code 1211 should also be considered for appropriate valuation. Despite the decrease in trade amount, spices and flavors have fetched a gradually increasing price per unit volume which is apparent by the fact that these herbs have ever increasing market demand. Nepal can reap maximum benefit from growing international demand of MAPs given that Government impose strict check in borders to minimize the underestimation, train concerned authorities in proper identification of MAPs products and help to develop species-specific 8- and 10-digit HS Codes for proper documentation of imports and exports of MAPs products.Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2016) 10: 24–32","PeriodicalId":252680,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121698335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of fruit extracts of Berberis species from Nepal","authors":"S. Dhungel, G. Joshi, D. Pant","doi":"10.3126/BOTOR.V10I0.21017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/BOTOR.V10I0.21017","url":null,"abstract":"The Himalayan region is rich in flowering plants diversity, including medicinal and wild edible plants. These plants possess variety of therapeutically important compounds, like alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids in different parts. Presence of significant amount of these compounds makes a species valuable to be used as super foods or medicines. Furthermore, plant extracts especially those of fruits are basically attributed with natural antioxidants, either in form of vitamins or color-inducing pigments, which have become the target to replace the synthetic antioxidants. In this regard, fruits of Berberis species, one of the popular wild edible fruits of Nepal, are noted for their antioxidant property since time immemorial. The present study was done with an attempt to quantify the antioxidant potential and antibacterial activities of the fruit extracts of four taxa of Berberis (B. angulosa var. angulosa, B. angulosa var. fasciculata, B. aristata and B. asiatica) from Nepal and to correlate the antioxidant potential with various phytochemicals present in the extracts. Methanolic fruit extracts were used to spectrophotometrically quantify total phenolic and flavonoid contents. DPPH free radical scavenging assay and antibacterial assay were carried out in in-vitro condition. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed high polyphenol content (52.60 ± 3.73 and 58.07 ± 1.44 mg GAE/g) and better antioxidant property (35.29 ± 3.01 and 29.15 ± 2.01 μg/ml) respectively in B. angulosa var. angulosa and B. angulosa var. fasciculata than in the fruit extracts of B. aristata and B. asiatica. In contrast, fruit extracts of B. asiatica showed the highest total flavonoid content (27.52 ± 0.56 mg QE/g) than did by the extracts of other taxa studied. The fruit extract of B. aristata and B. angulosa var. fasciculata at very high concentration (200 mg/ml) showed maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) against tested bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In contrast, B. asiatica did not show any ZOI for both of the tested bacterial strains. As fruits are better sources of antioxidant with greater accumulation of flavonoids and phenolics, wild fruits should be equally spaced for their better efficiency as cultivated ones.Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2016) 10: 6–11","PeriodicalId":252680,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126996049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spathe morphology of Commelina L. (Commelinaceae) of India in relation to Taxonomy","authors":"S. M. Joseph, S. Nampy","doi":"10.3126/botor.v9i0.21008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/botor.v9i0.21008","url":null,"abstract":"Commelina L., the largest genus of Commelinaceae, is easily distinguished from related genera by inflorescence subtended in a folded bract (spathe). The position, number, size, shape, hairiness, cincinnus number and peduncle length of the spathe are useful in species delimitation . In the present investigation, twenty four species of Commelina occurring in India are studied for spathe characters and their significance in taxonomy is discussed. A key for the identification of all species based on spathe characters is also provided.","PeriodicalId":252680,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129767692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of encapsulated and non-encapsulated protocorms for the propagation of Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. on two different media","authors":"S. Pradhan, Tripti Regmi, B. Pant","doi":"10.3126/BOTOR.V9I0.21014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/BOTOR.V9I0.21014","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial seed technology is a powerful tool for the propagation of rare and threatened species with high economic value. In the present investigation, medium-sized protocorms of Cymbidium aloifolium were encapsulated with 3% sodium alginate and 0.2 M calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl 2 .2H 2 O) solution. In vitro culture of encapsulated protocorm was carried out on different strength (1.0, ½ and ¼) of two different liquid media, viz . Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Knudson (Kn C), and full strength (1.0) of both media supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg/l a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). In vitro germination and seedling development from encapsulated protocorm was compared with non-encapsulated protocorm inoculated on similar culture conditions. Six replicates were used for each treatment. The full strength of MS medium without plant growth regulators was found to be the most favourable condition for germination and plantlet regeneration of C. aloifolium . However, earlier seedling development was achieved from encapsulated (after 18.5 ± 0.84 weeks of culture) than non-encapsulated (after 20.5 ± 0.34 weeks of culture) protocorm. In addition, 100% of encapsulated protocorms were viable when stored for 20 days at 4°C, while non-encapsulated protocorms showed only 6.67% viability on 10 days storage at 4°C and later they lost their viability. For acclimatization, plantlets regenerated from encapsulated protocorms were successfully hardened in a potting mixture of cocopeat and clay (3:1) with 85% survival rate. The present investigation has provided a standard protocol for short- to mid-term storage and efficient conversion of plantlets of C. aloifolium through artificial seed technology, which could be beneficial for commercial production of this orchid and its germplasm preservation. Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2015) 9: 40–48","PeriodicalId":252680,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128937914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhododendron species richness patterns and impacts of global warming on its distribution in Central Himalayas, Nepal","authors":"K. R. Bhattarai, T. Upadhyay","doi":"10.3126/BOTOR.V9I0.21009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/BOTOR.V9I0.21009","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming and climate change have caused devastating impacts on biological diversity especially in northern latitude and altitude. Evaluation of species richness patterns and range size distribution is crucial for the conservation and management of biological diversity. As Rhododendron species generally grow in the higher latitude and altitude their study on range size distribution may help to predict the future fate of species against presumed global warming in the Himalayas. This study relates the distribution range of Rhododendron species and the potential impacts of global warming and climate change on it. The distribution range varied from 100 to 2600 m along the Himalayan elevation gradient. Generally, species found at the higher elevation have longer range compared to the species found at lower elevation. Among the Rhododendron species found in Nepal Himalayas, R. epapillatum, R. trichocladum and R. virgatum have only 100 m distribution range, which are therefore most vulnerable to the shift in vegetation zones as a result of future projection of temperature rise. Other species having 300 m range of distribution are also vulnerable to different levels of temperature rise as predicted by various sources. These findings can generate hypothesis that species with shorter distribution rage are more vulnerable to climate change which can be tested quantitatively. This in turn will establish a relationship between distribution ranges of species and shift in vegetation zones, and rising temperatures in the Himalayan region due to global warming. Key-words: Distribution range, global warming, unimodal, vegetation, vulnerable.","PeriodicalId":252680,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121686863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of vascular plants in a subalpine-nival gradient of Central Himalaya: current patterns and predictions for future warming climate","authors":"L. Joshi, S. K. Ghimire, J. Salick, Katie M. Konchar","doi":"10.3126/BOTOR.V9I0.21013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/BOTOR.V9I0.21013","url":null,"abstract":"Following the standard method of Global Research Initiative in Alpine Environments (GLORIA), we performed a systematic investigation of vascular plant species distribution along a subalpine to nival gradient in the Central Himalaya. Our study aims to identify the richness and distribution patterns of vascular plant species and biogeographic groups under current climatic conditions and make predictions for their distribution under warmer conditions anticipated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Species richness decreased along an increasing elevation gradient. Aspect also influenced richness levels along the study gradient. Biogeographically, a majority of taxa were Himalayan endemics, followed by species with pan-Himalayan distribution. A complete turnover of indicator species along the elevation gradient was observed due to distinct phytoclimates. Twenty three percent of the plant species recorded in the present study showed a narrow elevation amplitude (<1250 masl) and are projected to be most sensitive to rising global surface temperatures. Taxa with restricted geographical distribution and narrow elevation amplitude must adapt through range shift to compensate for expected future increases in temperature. However, limited habitat availability may hinder the ability of high alpine species to migrate upward in elevation.Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2015) 9: 27–39","PeriodicalId":252680,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128470083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Dendrobium amoenum Wall. ex Lindl.","authors":"M. Poudel, M. Chand, N. Karki, B. Pant","doi":"10.3126/BOTOR.V9I0.21010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/BOTOR.V9I0.21010","url":null,"abstract":"Dendrobium amoenum has biologically active phytoconstituents valued for traditional Chinese or folk medicine as tonic. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of its stem extract was estimated by using Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent and Aluminium chloride methods respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging method. Total phenolic content found in acetone (134.34 μg GAE/mg extract) and chloroform (101.55 μg GAE/mg extract) extract was significantly higher than other solvent extracts. Similarly, these two extracts had significantly high flavonoid content (acetone: 115.73 μg QE/mg extract, and chloroform: 84.16 μg QE/mg extract). Presence of high phenolic and flavonoid contents in these extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity. Highest antioxidant activity of these extracts was determined by their lowest IC 50 value (acetone: 53.19 μg/ml and chloroform: 36.48 μg/ml). Significant negative relationship was found between phenolic content and IC 50 ( R 2 = 0.209, p < 0.01) and flavonoid content and IC 50 ( R 2 = 0.389, p < 0.01), which indicates high antioxidant activity due to high phenolic and flavonoid contents. This result revealed that D. amoenum act as an antioxidant agent due to its free radical scavenging activity which plays a crucial role in the development of new chemotherapeutic agents.","PeriodicalId":252680,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127822823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habitat differentiation and population traits variation between the rare Meconopsis napaulensis and the common congener M. paniculata: Implications for rare plant management","authors":"M. R. Poudeyal, S. K. Ghimire","doi":"10.3126/BOTOR.V8I0.5959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/BOTOR.V8I0.5959","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the causes of rarity has become increasingly important for the conservation and management of plant species. In this study, we compared spatial distribution, habitat characteristics, and population size and structure of two closely related species of poppy occurring in the Himalaya, the rare and endemic Meconopsis napaulensis and the widespread common congener M. paniculata in order to explain the causes of rarity of the former species. This study was carried out in Langtang National Park, north-central Nepal covering six populations of M. napaulensis and four populations of M. paniculata . Analysis of the habitat features revealed greater tendency of M. napaulensis to exhibit high habitat specificity. It was restricted to nutrient-poor, open and rocky habitats at >3700 m asl. Sites where M. paniculata were sampled showed high variability in terms of edaphic and topographic features. Mean ‘area of occupancy’ tended to be high for M. paniculata compared to M. napaulensis. M. paniculata showed larger population size and greater abundance as compared to M. napaulensis . The poor representation of younger life stages in M. napaulensis despite high proportion of reproductive adults indicated lower recruitment potential. The present study has illustrated that the rarity of M. napaulensis is strongly related to a combination of ecological and geographical constraints, which prevent reproduction, dispersal and colonization. It further demonstrates that the maintenance of population size of rare species largely depends on the survival and abundance of plants of younger stages. Thus, management directed towards reducing the impact on plants of young stages and protecting reproductive individuals from flower and fruit harvesting would help to maintain population size. Finally, development of action plans and guidelines incorporating scientific findings and accommodating local peoples’ socio-economic and cultural factors associated with the extinction risks is imperative for the conservation of rare and endemic species. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v8i0.5959 Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2011) 8: 57-69","PeriodicalId":252680,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116239978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production of bergenin, an active chemical constituent in the callus of Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb.","authors":"U. Shrestha, B. Pant","doi":"10.3126/BOTOR.V8I0.5557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/BOTOR.V8I0.5557","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro culture of Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb. was carried out for the examination of bergenin content. Leaf explants were cultured in MS (Murashige and Skoog) basal media supplemented with or without phytohormones. The hormonal series maintained were in the range of 0-2 mg l -1  for BAP ( 6 -benzyl amino purine) and 0-1.5 mg l -1  for NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid). Bergenin content of in vitro grown tissues of B. ciliata was compared with that of wild plants collected from three different localities of Nepal. The best growth of callus and plantlets occurred in the media containing BAP 1.0 mg l -1  + NAA 1.0 mg l -1  and BAP 1.5 mg l -1  + NAA 1.0 mg l -1 . Production of bergenin was high in the media supplemented with 1.0 mg l -1  BAP + 1.5 mg l -1  NAA (3.40 μg g -1 ) and 2.0 mg l -1  BAP + 1.5 mg l -1  NAA (3.05 μg g -1 ) under experimental condition. The bergenin content in the wild plants collected from Langtang, Jumla and Godawari was found to be 4.28 μg g -1 , 4.53 μg g -1  and 3.64 μg g -1 respectively. This study shows that the in vitro cultured callus of B. ciliata is capable of synthesizing bergenin in quantity comparable to that of the wild plant. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v8i0.5557 Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2011) 8: 40-44","PeriodicalId":252680,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128155380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epiphytic lichens as indicator of land-use pattern and forest harvesting in a community forest in west Nepal","authors":"P. Nag, Himanshu Rai, D. Upreti, Sanjeeva Nayaka, R. Gupta","doi":"10.3126/BOTOR.V8I0.5555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/BOTOR.V8I0.5555","url":null,"abstract":"Human inhabitance and agriculture have fundamentally altered global pattern of biodiversity and ecosystem processes. Therefore, integration of community-based approach is an effective conservation strategy. Community forestry is an important community-based approach, which can help in conserving local ecological assets in a sustainable manner. Lichens are known to be more sensitive indicators of ecosystem functions and disturbances than any other cryptogam and vascular plant community. Present study reports a preliminary assessment of epiphytic lichens in a community forest in Dadeldhura district, west Nepal, in order to identify potential indicator of forest health and land-use pattern. Epiphytic (corticolous) lichens were sampled from ten land-use units (LUU), using narrow frequency grids of 10 cm × 50 cm, each divided into five sampling units of 10 cm × 10 cm, on the bark of selected tree species. Quercus leucotrichophora was the dominant phorophyte followed by Pinus roxburghii , Rhododendron arboreum and Myrica esculenta . Foliose parmeloid ( Parmotrema spp., Heterodermia spp., Hypotrachyna spp., Bulbothrix spp., Canoparmelia spp., Canomaculina spp.) was the most abundant lichen group, found inhabiting all the phorophytes followed by crustose, fruticose and dimorphic growth forms. Maximum diversity of parmeloid lichens was recorded on older stand of Quercus while younger stands usually harbored crustose lichens (e.g., Lecanora spp., Basidia spp.). Though the lichen diversity increased from outer fringes of the forest to the core, the vegetation stand age was not distributed in any consistent pattern suggesting unconstrained harvesting of the forest. Lichen diversity was found constrained by phorophyte determinants (stand age, aspect, and bark properties) and community harvesting of the forest. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v8i0.5555 Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2011) 8: 24-32","PeriodicalId":252680,"journal":{"name":"Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129944507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}