Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research最新文献

{"title":"Ocular disorders in a tertiary Hospital in South East Nigeria","authors":"Christian Chukwuemeka Eze, Ezekiel N. Ekweremadu, N. Okoloagu","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2024.382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2024.382","url":null,"abstract":"The object of this study was to determine the pattern of ocular disease patients that presented to the Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital, Park Lane, Enugu, Nigeria. A retrospective study was conducted, where the medical case notes of patients who had ocular examinations, other clinical examinations, and investigations from April 2022 through December 2022 were retrieved. There were a total of 1145 patients, with a male population of 476 (41.6%), while females were 669 (58.4%). The mean age of the study population was 40.8 years, with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 22.4. A total of 924 (80.7%) participants were adults while children (aged 16 years and below) were 221 in number and constituted 19.3% of the study population. The most common eye disease was refractive error, which occurred in 266 (23.2%) of the participants; it was followed by allergic eye diseases, 201 (17.6%), cataract, 170 (14.9%), glaucoma, 111 (9.7%), and trauma to the eye, 94 (8.2%). Among the children, the most common eye disease seen were allergic eye diseases, 78 (35.3%), followed by refractive error, 70 (31.7%), trauma, 21 (9.5%), cataract, 11 (5.0%), while infections of the eye were 10 (4.5%). The most common eye disease among the adult participants was refractive error, 196 (21.1%), and then cataract, 159 (17.2%), allergic eye diseases, 123 (13.3%), glaucoma, 105 (11.4%), and retinal pathologies, 82 (8.9%). The most common causes of eye diseases in this study were refractive error, allergic eye diseases, cataracts, glaucoma, and trauma. Health education at community and primary health care level could help to reduce the number of people with avoidable causes of visual impairment.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":" 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141001127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness and uptake of pre-conceptional genotype screening among pregnant women in South-South Nigeria","authors":"Ngozi Roy Maduka, Paul O. Okubor","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.324","url":null,"abstract":"Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an inheritable genetic disease occurring worldwide. Nigeria is regarded as the epicenter of the disease, with a high number of SCD babies born annually. The risk of having an SCD baby remains high once there is a union between two heterozygous couple; therefore, it is imperative for intending couples to know their genotypes before marriage and conception. Currently, it is only the churches that insist on genotype before marriage. The result subsequently is a marriage between a heterozygous couple with a high possibility of the birth of an SCD baby. This cross-sectional study surveyed 430 consecutive consenting antenatal clinic clients presenting for booking in Central Hospital, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria. The women completed a questionnaire with sections on sociodemographic attributes, awareness of their SCD and their genotype, awareness of their partner’s genotype, source of information, and ways to improve uptake of preconception genotype screening. The age range 25-34 years constituted 68.1% of the study population, with the majority of them (95.1%) of the Christian faith. Married women form 90.1% of the participants. Only 55.1% of the participants were aware of their genotype before conception. Higher education, being a Christian, marital status, and the type of marriage significantly affected patients’ awareness of their genotype. The majority of them heard about genotype screening from a health professional (30.5%), while the commonest reasons why many of them did genotype screening were for school admission 13.3%, for knowledge’s sake (12.1%) and as a requirement for marriage (24.7%). Some of the ways suggested to help increase the uptake of genotype screening include community meetings, text and WhatsApp messages, television and radio messages. Despite the fact that Nigeria remains the epicenter of SCD in the world, the uptake of preconception genotype screening is still low. The government, health workers, churches and marriage counselors, and the community have a major role to play in increasing the awareness and uptake of preconception genotype screening.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115138727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension among staff of a tertiary institution in Enugu State, Nigeria","authors":"Hope O. Nwoga, M. Ajuba, C. Igweagu","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.331","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and a high proportion of hypertension in Nigeria remains undiagnosed. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension among the staff of Enugu State University College of Medicine. About 86% (140 of 163) of the staff of the College of Basic and Clinical Medical Sciences, Enugu State University College of Medicine, Enugu, Nigeria, that met the inclusion criteria participated in the study. The blood pressure, weight, and height of consenting staff members were measured. A systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg according to the guidelines from the American Heart Association, were classified as hypertension. The weight and height measurements were used to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI) of the participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the socio-demographic characteristics. The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was 21.4%. Almost half of the participants were pre-hypertensive (48.6%). On bivariate analysis, no socio-demographic characteristic significantly affected the prevalence of hypertension among the participants, but there was an inverse relationship between educational level and prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension. The study showed that there was a high prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension among the staff of Enugu State University College of Medicine. With the above result, there is an urgent need to create awareness and implement measures for early diagnosis of hypertension.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124552889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing patients’ time of presentation to a dental clinic and pattern of sociodemographic influence in a tertiary health facility","authors":"Harrison Omokhua, Richard Evbuomwan","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.317","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare professionals should always encourage their patients to present early to the health facility for prompt treatment. Despite public health education on this matter, many patients still present late to the hospital. The study aimed to determine the factors influencing the time of presentation to a dental clinic and the sociodemographic effects of such factors. A total of 257 questionnaires were administered, of which 243 were correctly filled and returned, representing a response rate of 94.5%. The majority, 59.3%, presented because of pain, while 91.4% felt they presented late. Most of the respondents, 94(42.3%), cited trying other treatments as the reason for coming late. There were strong associations between reasons for coming late and some sociodemographic characteristics of respondents. Most patients seeking dental care present late and only do so when the pain is becoming unbearable, having tried other alternatives. Some sociodemographic characteristics of individuals showed a strong association with some reasons for presenting late.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127419423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Furuncular myiasis in a pediatric outpatient clinic in Enugu, South-Eastern Nigeria","authors":"I. Asinobi, I. Ohuche, N. Omoke, Chinedu M. Dike, Chikambinaka P. Ngwu, Okwy C. Odika","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.316","url":null,"abstract":"Myiasis has been associated with poor standards of hygiene in children, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. In our practice, however, we encountered cases of myiasis in children from high socioeconomic backgrounds. Four cases of myiasis were reported in children aged between 20 months and 7 years, all belonging to the upper socio-economic class. Spreading clothes inside-out on clothesline and shrubs was a major risk factor. We concluded that there is a need for the enlightenment of the public as regards this disease condition, even among the upper class.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128721937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A nine-year facility-based review of the pattern and outcome of neonatal tetanus in Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"R. Oluwafemi","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.323","url":null,"abstract":"Tetanus is an infection caused by the Clostridium tetani; a ubiquitous Gram-positive, motile, spore-forming, and toxin-producing anaerobe. It is the only vaccine-preventable infection that is not communicable and which is still causing regrettable morbidity and mortality in newborns in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to review the pattern of neonatal tetanus infection and to document its outcome in a secondary health care level in South-west Nigeria. This was a hospital-based prospective study. Questionnaires were also administered to collect information from the parents. Out of a total of 4,277 out-born babies, 23 had Neonatal Tetanus (NNT). The mean incubation period was 6.62±2.2 days; the period of onset was less than 24 hours in 9 (39.1%) of the babies and greater than 24 hours in 14 (60.9%) babies. Four babies (17.4%) died, 4 (17.4%) left against medical advice, and the mean age at death was 11.7±3.5 days. Other clinical records showed that 56.5% of mothers did not receive antenatal care or tetanus toxoid, 65.2% had non-hospital deliveries, cord care was sub-optimal in the majority of cases, and the case fatality ratio was 17.4%. The study reveals that NNT still contributes to morbidities and mortalities among Nigerian neonates. The incidence per year, though, waxes and wanes with no particular pattern; the disease still has the tendency to dip the neonatal indices.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133908458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and determinants of Vitamin B12 deficiency among subjects with Type 2 Diabetes in a tertiary institution in Southeast Nigeria","authors":"Abonyi Michael Chinweuba, Ugwu Theophilus Ejiofor, Okechukwu Uzoma Chukwunonso","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.333","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin B12 (Vit B12) deficiency is very common among diabetic subjects, although with variable prevalence. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Vit B12 deficiency and its associated factors among patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). This study is important because Vit B12 deficiency is associated with metformin, which is a bedrock in the management of diabetic subjects. Since peripheral neuropathy is a recognized complication of DM, and also occurs in Vit B12 deficiency, it would be important to ascertain the role of Vit B12 deficiency in the emergence of peripheral neuropathy. Appropriate measures like vitamin supplementation would then be instituted in diabetics who are on metformin. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Enugu State University Teaching Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria, between January to July 2019. A total of 422 patients who fit the eligibility criteria were included in the study. Data on demographics, medication use, and anthropometry were obtained from each subject, while blood was drawn to study Vit B12 levels, Haemoglobin (Hb), Mean Cell Volume (MCV), and Glycated Heamoglobin (HbA1c). Vitamin B12 deficiency was defined as serum B12 level of ≤200 pg/mL. The prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency among Type 2 DM patients was 16.6% (n=364). Predictors of Vit B12 deficiency in Type 2 diabetic subjects included duration of metformin use of more than five years (p<0.0001). Other predictors of vitamin B12 deficiency include Body Mass Index (BMI), diabetes duration, and macrocytic anemia. This study suggests that the prevalence of Vit B12 deficiency among patients with DM in our population is substantial. This is more frequent among patients who have been on metformin for more than five years.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133226378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of cardiovascular disease risk factors among subjects with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Southeastern Nigeria","authors":"Okechukwu Uzoma Chukwunonso, Ugwu Theophilus Ejiofor, Abonyi Micheal Chinweuba, Okpara Titus Chukwubuzo, Nnaji Thomas Obiora, Nwobodo Monday Ume","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.243","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is associated with a high degree of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The co-existence of other cardiovascular risk factors alongside diabetes confers the cumulative risk of adverse outcomes. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors has been rising in sub-Saharan Africa, but their degree of co-existence with diabetes is not well known. The objective of this study was to determine the burden of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in a urban southeastern Nigerian population. This was a cross-sectional study consisting of consecutively recruited diabetic patients aged ≥40 years attending the diabetes clinic at Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital (ESUTH). Five cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated: Hypertension, overweight/obesity, cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, and poor glycemic control We studied 410 T2DM patients (31.5% male) with a mean age of 58.9 years and a mean duration of diabetes of 7.4 years. The most prevalent cardiovascular risk factor in the study was physical inactivity (69.5%), and 80.1% of respondents had 2 or more risk factors. Females had a significantly higher prevalence of physical inactivity, overweight/obesity, and poor glycemic control when compared to males (73% vs 62%; 73.3% vs 58.9%; 72.2% vs 60.5%, respectively). Our study has shown a high burden of cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients in an urban southeastern Nigerian population. Female diabetic subjects had a significantly higher prevalence of most of the cardiovascular risk factors except for smoking.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133415040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NUA Chest Circumference measuring tool for identification of Low Birth Weight newborns in Nigeria: a patented invention","authors":"I. Asinobi, U. Ekwochi, I. Ndu","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.325","url":null,"abstract":"Not available.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"612 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131470971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare case of Hyperphosphatemic Tumoral Calcinosis in a 13 year old Nigerian boy","authors":"I. Nnakenyi, Chioma Edoga, E. Nnakenyi, N. Iloanusi, C. Okwor","doi":"10.4081/acbr.2023.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4081/acbr.2023.322","url":null,"abstract":"Tumoral calcinosis is a rare disorder that presents with ectopic calcifications deposited at different periarticular soft tissue regions of the body- mostly hips, elbows and shoulders. It results from a relative deficiency of, or resistance to, the phosphate-regulating hormone - Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23), due to gene mutations, causing hyperphosphatemia. We describe this condition in a 13 year old, Nigerian boy who presented with a 7 year history of multiple body swellings of firm to hard consistency. Laboratory investigations showed hyperphosphatemia with normal serum calcium, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels. Radiological and histological findings were consistent with tumoral calcinosis. Having had two previous surgeries to remove the lesions, he was now commenced on low phosphate diet and phosphate binders. It is important to differentiate tumoral calcinosis from other causes of pathological calcification using clinical and laboratory findings especially in environments where molecular genetic testing is not readily available.","PeriodicalId":251105,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132388411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}