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A failure and overload tolerance mechanism for continuous media servers 连续媒体服务器的故障和过载容忍机制
MULTIMEDIA '97 Pub Date : 1997-11-01 DOI: 10.1145/266180.266350
R. Krishnan, D. Venkatesh, T. Little
{"title":"A failure and overload tolerance mechanism for continuous media servers","authors":"R. Krishnan, D. Venkatesh, T. Little","doi":"10.1145/266180.266350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/266180.266350","url":null,"abstract":"Large scale clustered continuous media (CM) servers deployed in applications like video-on-demand have high availability requirements. In the event of server failure, streams from the failed servers must be reassigned to healthy servers with minimum service disruption. Such servers may also suffer from periods of transient overload resulting from a high degree of customer interactivity. For example, in a video-on-demand system if a large number of users are viewing a favorite game, many of them could simultaneously request a replay of an interesting part of the game. This requires a large number of \"interactive\" channels within a short period of time and can result in a transient server overload. In this paper we propose solutions for graceful recovery from overload scenarios arising out of server failure or customer interactions. Rapid resource reclamation is key to overload tolerance, and our proposed solution is based on rate adaptive stream merging and content insertion techniques. We also utilize conventional time-sharing techniques to handle transient overload. We show that while merging is necessary for achieving overload tolerance, it is not sufficient, and for a complete solution, content insertion is required. Specifically, we consider a general clustered CM server architecture model where multiple servers can fail simultaneously. We develop a model for resource shortfalls that occur as a result of overload on failure. We also describe optimal polynomial time algorithms for recovering resources to the maximum extent possible, by clustering streams in real time.","PeriodicalId":250198,"journal":{"name":"MULTIMEDIA '97","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122973062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Designing interactive multimedia (panel) 交互式多媒体(面板)设计
MULTIMEDIA '97 Pub Date : 1997-11-01 DOI: 10.1145/266180.266370
Lori L. Scarlatos, R. Darken, Komei Harada, C. Heeter, Richard Muller, B. Shneiderman
{"title":"Designing interactive multimedia (panel)","authors":"Lori L. Scarlatos, R. Darken, Komei Harada, C. Heeter, Richard Muller, B. Shneiderman","doi":"10.1145/266180.266370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/266180.266370","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents contrasting metaphors and paradigms for designing interactive media interfaces. Multimedia interface designers and researchers with diverse backgrounds discuss their own design approaches and important design ‘issues. Discussion of these issues is continued beyond this paper through a web site:","PeriodicalId":250198,"journal":{"name":"MULTIMEDIA '97","volume":"29 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113976608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
An object-oriented SGML/HyTime compliant multimedia database management system 一个面向对象的兼容SGML/HyTime的多媒体数据库管理系统
MULTIMEDIA '97 Pub Date : 1997-11-01 DOI: 10.1145/266180.266375
M. Tamer Özsu, P. Iglinski, D. Szafron, Sherine El-Medani, Manuela Junghanns
{"title":"An object-oriented SGML/HyTime compliant multimedia database management system","authors":"M. Tamer Özsu, P. Iglinski, D. Szafron, Sherine El-Medani, Manuela Junghanns","doi":"10.1145/266180.266375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/266180.266375","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the design of an object-oriented multimedia database management system that can store and manage SGML/HyTime compliant multimedia documents. The system is capable of storing, within one database, different types o f documents by accommodating multiple document type definitions (DTDs). This is accomplished by dynamically creating object types according to element definitions in each DTD. The system also has tools to automatically insert markedup documents into the database. We discuss the system architecture, design issues and the system features.","PeriodicalId":250198,"journal":{"name":"MULTIMEDIA '97","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129654550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 35
QuickSet: multimodal interaction for distributed applications QuickSet：分布式应用程序的多模式交互
MULTIMEDIA '97 Pub Date : 1997-11-01 DOI: 10.1145/266180.266328
Philip R. Cohen, Michael Johnston, David R. McGee, S. Oviatt, Jay Pittman, Ira A. Smith, Liang Chen, Josh Clow
{"title":"QuickSet: multimodal interaction for distributed applications","authors":"Philip R. Cohen, Michael Johnston, David R. McGee, S. Oviatt, Jay Pittman, Ira A. Smith, Liang Chen, Josh Clow","doi":"10.1145/266180.266328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/266180.266328","url":null,"abstract":"QuickSet: Multimodal Interaction for Distributed Applications Philip R. Cohen, Michael Johnston, David McGee, Sharon Oviatt, Jay Pittman, Ira Smith, Liang Chen and Josh Glow Center for Human Computer Communication Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology","PeriodicalId":250198,"journal":{"name":"MULTIMEDIA '97","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127990192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 566
VideoTrails: representing and visualizing structure in video sequences VideoTrails:在视频序列中表示和可视化结构
MULTIMEDIA '97 Pub Date : 1997-11-01 DOI: 10.1145/266180.266384
Vikrant Kobla, D. Doermann, C. Faloutsos
{"title":"VideoTrails: representing and visualizing structure in video sequences","authors":"Vikrant Kobla, D. Doermann, C. Faloutsos","doi":"10.1145/266180.266384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/266180.266384","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of determining the physical and semantic structure\u0000of an extended video sequence is essential for providing\u0000appropriate processing, indexing and retrieval capabilities\u0000for video databases.\u0000In this paper, we describe a novel technique which reduces\u0000a sequence of MPEG encoded video frames to a trail\u0000of points in a low dimensional space. In thii space, we can\u0000cluster frames, analyze transitions between clusters and compute\u0000properties of the resulting trail. By classifying portions\u0000of the trail as either stationary or transitional, we are able to\u0000detect gradual edits between shots. Furthermore, tracking\u0000the interaction of clusters over time, we lay the groundwork\u0000for the complete analysis and representation of the video’s\u0000physical and semantic structure.","PeriodicalId":250198,"journal":{"name":"MULTIMEDIA '97","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117319058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 64
Efficient resource selection in distributed visual information systems 分布式视觉信息系统中的有效资源选择
MULTIMEDIA '97 Pub Date : 1997-11-01 DOI: 10.1145/266180.266367
Wendy Chang, Gholamhosein Sheikholeslami, A. Zhang, T. Syeda-Mahmood
{"title":"Efficient resource selection in distributed visual information systems","authors":"Wendy Chang, Gholamhosein Sheikholeslami, A. Zhang, T. Syeda-Mahmood","doi":"10.1145/266180.266367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/266180.266367","url":null,"abstract":"made available at other locations for purposes ranting from diagnostics, distance learning, to electronic c;rnI merce. Accessing these repositories in a distributed setting over either a proprietary or a public network poses a number of challenges. With the advances in multimedia databases and the popularization of the Internet, it is now possible to access large image and video repositories distributed throughout the world. One of the challenging problems in such an access is how the information in the respective databases can be summarized to enable an intelligent selection of relevant database sites based on visual queries. This paper presents an approach to this problem that is based on image content-based indexing of a metadatabase at a query distribution server. The metadatabase records a summary of the visual content of the images per database through image templates and statistical features characterizing the similarity value distributions of images. The selection of databases is done by searching the metadatabase using a histogram-based ranking algorithm that uses query similarity to a template and the features of databases associated with the template. The database selection mechanism has been implemented as a metaserver and extensive experiments have been done to demonstrate the effectiveness of the database ranking algorithm.","PeriodicalId":250198,"journal":{"name":"MULTIMEDIA '97","volume":"370 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115195104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
User interface evaluation of a direct manipulation temporal visual query language 用户界面评估的一种直接操纵时态的可视化查询语言
MULTIMEDIA '97 Pub Date : 1997-11-01 DOI: 10.1145/266180.266342
S. Hibino, Elke A. Rundensteiner
{"title":"User interface evaluation of a direct manipulation temporal visual query language","authors":"S. Hibino, Elke A. Rundensteiner","doi":"10.1145/266180.266342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/266180.266342","url":null,"abstract":"As new query interfaces emerge for accessing multimedia data, formal user studies are needed to evaluate the usability of such interfaces. In this paper, we present results from a user interface evaluation of our temporal visual query language (TVQL). TVQL is a novel direct manipulation query interface for specifying temporal relationship queries over temporal events such as video data. In our user study, we compare TVQL to a forms-based temporal query language (TForms). Our results indicate that while subjects took longer to learn TVQL than TForrns, they were more efficient and more accurate in specifying temporal queries with the TVQL interface than with the TForms interface.","PeriodicalId":250198,"journal":{"name":"MULTIMEDIA '97","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123509306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 59
Random duplicated assignment: an alternative to striping in video servers 随机重复分配:视频服务器中条带化的替代方案
MULTIMEDIA '97 Pub Date : 1997-11-01 DOI: 10.1145/266180.266372
J. Korst
{"title":"Random duplicated assignment: an alternative to striping in video servers","authors":"J. Korst","doi":"10.1145/266180.266372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/266180.266372","url":null,"abstract":"An approach is presented for storing video data in large disk arrays. Video data is stored by assigning a number of copies of each data block to different, randomly chosen disks, where the number of copies may depend on the popularity of the corresponding video data. The approach offers an interesting alternative to the well-known striping techniques. Its use results in smaller response times and lower disk and RAM costs if many continuous variablerate data streams have to be sustained simultaneously. It also offers some practical advantages relating to reliability and extendability. Based on this storage approach, three retrieval algorithms are presented that determine, for a given batch of data blocks, from which disk each of the data blocks should be retrieved. The performance of these algorithms is evaluated from an average-case as well as a worst-case perspective. key words: video serve< striping, disk array, RAID, multimedia, variable rate","PeriodicalId":250198,"journal":{"name":"MULTIMEDIA '97","volume":"48 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133685502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 57
An improved auditory interface for the exploration of lists 一个改进的听觉界面，用于探索列表
MULTIMEDIA '97 Pub Date : 1997-11-01 DOI: 10.1145/266180.266334
I. Pitt, A. Edwards
{"title":"An improved auditory interface for the exploration of lists","authors":"I. Pitt, A. Edwards","doi":"10.1145/266180.266334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/266180.266334","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic speech is widely used to enable blind people to receive output from computer systems. However, speech is slow to use compared with vision and places far higher demands on shortterm memow. These problems are particularly apparent when exploring farge data structures such as lists and tables. An experiment was conducted in which subjects were asked to memorise and recite lists of filenames. Analysis showed that subjects organised the material to aid recall and used a range of prosodic devices to convey this organisation to the listener. A practical list-reading program was developed which replicates-as far as possible the methods of organisation and spoken presentation used by the subjects. This program was evaluated in a practical task, in comparison with an existing speech-based system for blind users. The results showed that subjects performed the task significantly faster using the demonstration system and also reported lower levels of effort and mental demand.","PeriodicalId":250198,"journal":{"name":"MULTIMEDIA '97","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133396961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Efficient real-time data retrieval through scalable multimedia storage 有效的实时数据检索通过可扩展的多媒体存储
MULTIMEDIA '97 Pub Date : 1997-11-01 DOI: 10.1145/266180.266358
G. Ma, Chiung-Shien Wu, Mei-Chian Liu, B.-S.P. Lin
{"title":"Efficient real-time data retrieval through scalable multimedia storage","authors":"G. Ma, Chiung-Shien Wu, Mei-Chian Liu, B.-S.P. Lin","doi":"10.1145/266180.266358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/266180.266358","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel data placement and retrieving scheme or real-time multimedia stream playback via a scalable storage system. The multimedia streams are contiguous data packets which may be representing video, audio, or other media be retrieved simultaneously from a storage system on a real-time and on-demand basis, The major challenge in implementing the system is the support of simultaneously retrieving a big number of streams from a large-capacity storage system. This bottleneck comes from the seeking delay caused by the random movement of disk head in the storage under multiple stream requests. The proposed scheme efftciently reduces the seeking time by a very simple placement method and a retrieval scheduler and, in the mean time, continuous playback of multiple real-time streams and a scalable storage capacity are both achieved. Performance valuation of the proposed scheme is provided through theoretical analysis and experimental measure.","PeriodicalId":250198,"journal":{"name":"MULTIMEDIA '97","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127803120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
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