Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology最新文献

{"title":"To whom and why F. M. Dostoevsky is precious?","authors":"Ivan A. Charota","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2021-3-24-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2021-3-24-30","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the analysis of F. M. Dostoevsky’s work regarding his 200th anniversary. The author aims to reveal to whom and why the great writer and thinker is precious, and how his work is perceived in Serbia. He tries to evaluate what contributes to and what hinders the comprehension of the F. M. Dostoevsky phenomenon. The author notes that veneration for such a writer can be fully expressed when everyone who has mastered literacy starts reading at least one of his works and feels the field of attraction and repulsion, which does not always correlate with the problem field of scientific F. M. Dostoevsky studies. Unfortunately, the author states that the youth do not initially develop an elementary desire to necessarily be included in the literary classics in such conditions when the entire system of basic education seems to be subordinated to the task of discouraging any desire to read on their own, and even more so to feel and reflect. Interest in «Crime and punishment» is almost impossible to arouse basing on stereotypical comments with a retelling of the plot, some elements of which are included in the tests for the subject devoid of attractiveness. And the plot, moreover, is fully conveyed by the half-page versions of the novel, which are prepared by enterprising interpreters precisely for passing the test as the optimal form of attestation. At the same time, the judgments of foreign writers are used surprisingly widely, and at the same time thoughtlessly – the main thing is that they have an appropriate image. Over time, it becomes more and more obvious that few contemporary writers can compare to F. M. Dostoevsky both in the depth and completeness of ideas about the real life of a Russian person, especially in the scope of its spheres, and in the insight of the analysis of everything that happened and which inevitably followed from what was happening. For a century and a half, F. M. Dostoevsky has remained an unparalleled bearer of the conscience of mankind, a kind of seismograph of the coming upheavals. The author states that in Serbia, the reverent perception of F. M. Dostoevsky, which was formed under the influence of the Russian religious emigration, dominates. A separate topic is also the impressive activity and productivity of the Serbian scientific F. M. Dostoevsky studies. Finally, if all this we project onto the Belarusians, then it would be appropriate to say that F. M. Dostoevsky is the bearer of special patriotism manifested not in superficial pathos, which usually serves either self-praise or complacency, but in soberly analytical and constructive criticism, which presupposes, first of all, self-criticism, as an indispensable component of sound national self-awareness.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116577718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Eastern European and Baltic scope of transformation processes","authors":"T. Popławski, T. Bogush","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2021-3-31-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2021-3-31-37","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a way to present the transformation processes, which have been taking place in Eastern Europe and Baltic states since the end of 20th century up to now. It is an attempt to describe the main difficulties, which appear on the way of changes and to find their origins. The main idea is that the process of transformation, which began the same way for all countries, developing and moving through time, acquires its own features and peculiarities, which leads to the formation of a different, dissimilar version of the social structure and economic model.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129615817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The level of replacement of employees with PhD degrees in the Republic of Belarus and the prospects of its improvement","authors":"A. Belov, Snezhana A. Boreiko","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2021-3-64-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2021-3-64-74","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the available statistical data, an approach to the quantitative assessment of the replacement level of employees with PhD degrees in the Republic of Belarus is proposed in the article. The practical application of this approach made it possible to determine the inefficiency of the postgraduate education system in terms of the annual replenishment of the number of employees with an academic degree. The quantitative parameters of the performance of postgraduate education system which necessary to stabilise the number of employees with PhD degrees in the economy are determined.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126499375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social optimism as epiphenomenon of subjective assessment of Belarusian students’ life quality","authors":"Valentina A. Simkhovich, Dzmitry I. Naumau","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2021-3-93-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2021-3-93-103","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the subjective assessment of the Belarusian student youth’s life quality, considered in the context of the implementation of the state youth policy. The concept of life quality is considered within the framework of the subjective approach that attributes to the individual a fundamental role in social life. Measuring of the subjective quality means making use of the index method, designed to reduce social information to a single indicator, regardless of the total number of the object’s indicators. Within the framework of the developed technique for measuring life quality, calculated were individual (particular) indices that describe the characteristics of the student youth’s public consciousness to certain aspects of life quality, as well as the integral index of life quality and aggregate index of the standard of living. The indicators of life quality are as follows: subjective assessment of the material standard of living, subjective assessment of health, accessibility and quality of medical care, subjective assessment of accessibility and quality of education, subjective assessment of accessibility and quality of social infrastructure, subjective assessment of the state of ecological environment, subjective assessment of quality of social environment and satisfaction with quality of life. The given technique enables to diagnose various aspects of the students’ life and identify weaknesses in implementing particular areas of the state youth policy. It was used to measure the quality of life of the Belarus State Economic University students who were the object of the study carried out in two stages – in 2019 and 2020. A comparative analysis of the data showed that the respondents demonstrated a high degree of satisfaction with both objective living conditions and subjective perception of the degree of satisfaction with their needs. The analysis of the general indices of subjective quality of life in retrospective, current and prospective aspects testifies to the respondents’ social optimism since their values do not decrease and in some cases increase. The only exception is the value of the index of subjective assessment of social environment quality: its decrease in 2020 indicates that the respondents fixed a negative impact on their lives and life of the whole society, which was caused by the socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and the political crisis in the country. Although social optimism is weakly expressed, the given epiphenomenon can be explained by the fact that the young people consider all indicators of life quality as virtually equal that is both conditioned by the results of socialisation and logic of a modern society’s development.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"454 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115290695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"F. M. Dostoevsky – great human-lover, expert in human, well-wisher of human, sage and visionary","authors":"Evgenii M. Babosov","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2021-3-13-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2021-3-13-23","url":null,"abstract":"The philosophical meaning and humanistic pathos of F. M. Dostoevsky’s work is revealed, embodied in his novels and «The diary of a writer». The depth and bottomlessness of a person – the writer’s symbol of faith – are presented. The philosophical, ethical and psychological generalisations of the Russian writer are presented as the central point of the metaphysical problem of man as a personality, her life, quest, suffering, love, faith. The theory of F. M. Dostoevsky’s creativity is reconstructed, for which a person is interesting when he embarks on only his own, individual path, but passing which, highlights something typical for the entire people, its historical fate and destiny, strength and weakness. Only in the personal identity of each person is the general identity of the nation embodied; to defend in any circumstances the honour of the Russian man and the honour of his people – this is precisely what the citizen writer saw as the vocation of Russia. The dialectic of love, freedom, beauty and immortality as components of the meaning of human life is revealed. Against this background, death is presented as an inevitable moral lesson, the meaning of which is to sharpen the feelings of love and humility: love for man and humility before God. This understanding of life and death is opposed by demonic, a phenomenon devoid of love and humility. For F. M. Dostoevsky, who had an acute presentiment of future social upheavals in Russia and Europe, devilry is embodied in the revolutionary ideas of seizing power, restructuring society and man according to the patterns of political leaders who only yearn for domination and submission of others to their will. The prophecies and premonitions made by F. M. Dostoevsky about the future of Russia and its place in world history are characterised. The emphasis is on the writer’s rejection of the revolution as a fratricidal war and the denial of the viability of communist ideas and ideals. Only religiously coloured humanism can be opposed to these gloomy forecasts: a better future will come when people, based on the implementation of the main Christian thesis, to love their neighbour as themselves, will be able to unite into a single harmonious whole or the paradise of Christ.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123249432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The social topology of science in national and transnational contexts: the case of social sciences","authors":"Ilona G. Nedelevskaya","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2021-3-55-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2021-3-55-63","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the possibilities of application P. Bourdieu’s social topology in the studying of inequality in science in national and transnational contexts. It is argued that in the conditions of globalising science, discussions about its egalitarianism, which began approximately in the middle of the last century, are moving beyond national borders. For the purposes of studying global inequality in science, scholars often apply the theoretical frameworks of world-systems analysis, neo-institutionalism, and the theory of global governance. However, these theories often lead to reductionism which ignores the symbolic dimension of scientific activity. The article suggests reassessing the heuristic potentiality of P. Bourdieu’s social topology, which mitigates the mentioned drawback of other theories. The article aims to demonstrate the relevance of this theoretical framework for the study of inequality in different scales of scientific activity due to the fact that the French sociologist focused mainly on national academic systems. The article defines the general provisions of P. Bourdieu’s topological concept of the field and the units of the social order of the scientific field. It also demonstrates the role of various forms of capital in determining the structure of social space. Based on the case of social sciences, the article explores the formation of scientific fields, their interaction with other fields, and their structure in different scales. The structure of the scientific field on the national scale can be defined as a dichotomy of dominant – dominated or centre – periphery. On the transnational scale, this dichotomy is also relevant but it is represented by national fields. Among them, the dominant position is occupied by the United States and Great Britain, which have the largest amount of symbolic power. The structure of the transnational scientific space, however, is more complex and includes overlapping fields of national, regional and more global dimensions. The article argued that applying the theoretical framework of the field to the study of the transnational scientific field will remain tied to the definition and explanation of the peculiarities and the interaction of national scientific fields as long as national states keep their institutional boundaries in scientific activity.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130801449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Everyday practices research: the analysis of religious travel practices in Belarusian society","authors":"E. Shkurova, T. Burak","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-80-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-80-88","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the importance of travel practices in the structure of social relations between religious subjects in the field of involvement in interfaith relations. The results of a sociological study of travels to holy places are presented in a combination of quantitative and qualitative methodology, questionnaire survey and semiotic analysis of texts. A qualitative approach to the study of religiosity provides an in-depth interpretation of the religious practices pecularities. However, the quantitative representation is relevant to identify general trends in the formation of strategies of religious behaviour. The model combinatig qualitative and quantitative methods of studying tourist practices provides the possibility of their complex analysis. The experience of carried out sociological research shows how qualitative research data can clearly complement the structural characteristics of religious travel (quantitative indicators) with the features of the subjectivity of such travel. The study found: 1) a religious journey involves the implementation of everyday practices of reproduction of meanings and participation in intercultural interaction, as well as the implementation of sacred rituals; 2) a notable number of the religious population in Belarus has experience of religious travel, but pilgrimage is not a regular practice for a significant part of them; 3) the iconic pilgrimage structure is constructed in the virtual verbal texts of Belarusians involved in the daily practice of travelling to holy places. It is formed by several components of the meaning of the «path»: life, the spiritual path, search, cognition, communication, unity, collective emotions.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129719057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of family values of Belarusians in the reflection of the media (the example of the magazine «Rabotnica i sjaljanka»)","authors":"Alena K. Artsiomenka-Melyantsova","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-89-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-89-97","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the change in family values in Belarus as reflected in the materials of the magazine «Rabotnica i sjaljanka» from the 1960s to the 2010s. Based on the analysis of the thematic distribution of publications, the characteristics of the heroines, the female duties declared by the magazine and the presentation of the topic of marriage and family at the level of rhetoric, the following conclusions are drawn. In reflecting the materials of the magazine after the 1990s, the role of family and marriage is increasing, the professional roles and responsibilities of a woman are supplemented by the need to show skill in everyday life, to maintain beauty and attractiveness, which corresponds to the tendencies of traditionalisation of values according to survey data. At the same time, the increase in divorce rates and a decrease in the number of children in the family are normalised.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129696299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chess as a meaning: evolution of a significant in medieval culture","authors":"Marina A. Mojeiko","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-64-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-64-79","url":null,"abstract":"Dedicated to the analysis of chess as a sign system (namely as meaning). The modelling nature of the chess game has been substantiated. The process of semiotic evolution of chess pieces game has been reconstructed: in this context chaturanga, chatrang, shatranji, Levis chess, lovers’ chess, courier chess, moon chess and others game have been analysed. The evolution of the meanings behind a chess game through the history of medieval culture has been considered: battle – knightly tournament – courtly flirting – society as a whole – being as such.","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115353810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The value world of modern man","authors":"Kristian Herpfer","doi":"10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-100-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2021-2-100-102","url":null,"abstract":"Ценностный мир современного человека: Беларусь в проекте «Исследование европейских ценностей» / Д. Г. Ротман [и др.] ; под ред. Д. М. Булынко, А. Н. Данилова, Д. Г. Ротмана. Минск : БГУ, 2009. 231 с. ; Ценностный мир современного человека: Беларусь и ее соседи в международных проектах по изучению ценностей / Д. Г. Ротман [и др.] ; под ред. Д. М. Булынко, А. Н. Данилова, Д. Г. Ротмана. Минск : БГУ, 2013. 175 с. ; Ценностный мир современного человека: страны Восточного партнерства, Европейский союз и Россия в международных проектах по изучению ценностей / Д. Г. Ротман [и др.] ; под ред. Д. М. Булынко, А. Н. Данилова, В. В. Правдивца, Д. Г. Ротмана. Минск : БГУ, 2016. 219 с. ; Ценностный мир современного человека: проект «Исследование европейских ценностей». Волна-2018 / Д. Г. Ротман [и др.] ; под ред. Д. М. Булынко, Д. Г. Ротмана. Минск : БГУ, 2019. 191 с. Международный социологический проект «Исследование европейских ценностей» (European Values Study) был инициирован Я. Керхофсом из Лёвенского католического университета (Бельгия) и Р. де Муром из Тилбургского университета (Нидерланды) в конце 1970-х гг. Исследователи поставили перед собой амбициозную цель: идентифицировать систему ценностей современной Европы, проанализировать происходящие изменения и выявить новые ценности в области политики, религии, семьи, работы и отношений. Первая волна исследования показала серьезные различия в ценностях европейцев. Согласованность традиционных систем уже была сильно подорвана, но развивались новые ценности, основанные на динамике личностного развития. Позже круг странучастниц был расширен до 29 стран в 1990 г. (вторая волна исследования), а затем до 34 в 1999 г. (третья волна). Последние две волны, охватившие гораздо большую территорию, подтвердили тенденции, наблюдавшиеся в ходе первого опроса. Данные исследований позволили ученым из разных стран сделать вывод о том, что индустриализация, секуляризация, повышение уровня образования и общего уровня жизни привели к важным преобразованиям в семейных отношениях, взаимодействии мужчин и женщин, а также в политических ценностях. Ученые также доказали, что со сменой поколений повышается уровень терпимости, наблюдается ориентация на равенство. Изменилось","PeriodicalId":250065,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126509901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}